EP0557774B1 - Device for longitudinally folding several paper webs of equal width in a rotary web-fed printing machine - Google Patents
Device for longitudinally folding several paper webs of equal width in a rotary web-fed printing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0557774B1 EP0557774B1 EP93101924A EP93101924A EP0557774B1 EP 0557774 B1 EP0557774 B1 EP 0557774B1 EP 93101924 A EP93101924 A EP 93101924A EP 93101924 A EP93101924 A EP 93101924A EP 0557774 B1 EP0557774 B1 EP 0557774B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- folding
- paper web
- formers
- web
- printing machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H45/00—Folding thin material
- B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
- B65H45/22—Longitudinal folders, i.e. for folding moving sheet material parallel to the direction of movement
- B65H45/221—Longitudinal folders, i.e. for folding moving sheet material parallel to the direction of movement incorporating folding triangles
- B65H45/226—Positional adjustment of folding triangles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
- B41F13/54—Auxiliary folding, cutting, collecting or depositing of sheets or webs
- B41F13/56—Folding or cutting
- B41F13/58—Folding or cutting lengthwise
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H45/00—Folding thin material
- B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
- B65H45/22—Longitudinal folders, i.e. for folding moving sheet material parallel to the direction of movement
- B65H45/221—Longitudinal folders, i.e. for folding moving sheet material parallel to the direction of movement incorporating folding triangles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for longitudinal folding according to the preamble of claim 1.
- DE-PS 6 68 877 shows an adjustable double folding former for rotary printing presses, in which the folding former are arranged next to one another at different heights.
- a hopper with associated single hopper roller is laterally adjustable.
- variable web widths can be cut into two strands of the same width and folded lengthways.
- a disadvantage of this arrangement of the double folding formers is that only two strands can be folded.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device for longitudinally folding paper webs, with which it is possible to fold two partial webs or three partial webs of variable width from a paper web of maximum width.
- the advantages of the solution according to the invention are in particular that two or more foldable products can be produced per width of the printing cylinder.
- a newspaper with four pages next to one another can be produced using two formers or six pages of a telephone book can be produced side by side using three formers, whereby the entire printing width of the paper web can be variable in its dimensions, whereby the widths of the products to be folded can also be varied. Turning bars and paper guide rollers can be saved.
- the paper web guide of the device for longitudinal folding according to the invention is shown with the funnels, which shows an incoming 1/1 paper web 1, which is guided over a pull roller 2.
- the pull roller 2 Above the pull roller 2 are two longitudinal cutting knives 3; 4 arranged in the form of circular knives which divide the paper web 1 into three 1/3 wide partial webs 6; 7; 8 cuts.
- the partial webs 6; 8 are in the plane of the draw roller 2 to a funnel inlet roller 9 and laterally displaceable funnels 11; 12 continued.
- the partial webs 6; 8 leave the hopper 11; 12 each as a 1/6 wide strand 13; 14 with longitudinal fold.
- the partial web 7 is guided into another, higher level to a hopper inlet roller 16 with a stationary hopper 17, in which a 1/6 wide strand 18 is formed.
- the strand 18 is between the two strands 13; 14 passed through.
- the width of the 1/1 paper web 1 can be varied.
- the distance a between the imaginary center lines of the partial webs 6; 8 set so that this with the center of the outlet of the funnel 11; 12 match.
- the 1/3 wide partial webs 6; 7; 8 could, for example, correspond to the width of three double pages of a telephone book, which is also variable in width.
- the second level, in which the hopper inlet roller 16 and the hopper 17 are arranged, can lie both above the hopper inlet roller 9, as shown in FIG. 1, and below.
- a slitting knife 19 separates the paper web 1 as an alternative to FIG. 1 into two 1/2 wide partial webs 21; 22, which in turn continues in the same plane to the hopper inlet roller 9 and the laterally displaceable hoppers 11; 12 are supplied.
- One of the longitudinal cutting knives 3; 4 can be used if this is adjustable.
- the slitting knife 4 which is not required is then taken out of operation.
- the partial webs 21; 22 leave the hopper 11; 12 as 1/4 wide strands 23; 24 with longitudinal fold.
- the funnel inlet roller 16 with the funnel 17 arranged in the second plane remains unused.
- FIG. 3 a detailed representation according to FIG. 2 is shown.
- the schematic front view of folding formers 11, 12 located next to one another in a first plane is shown, which is transverse to the running direction of the paper webs 6; 8, ie in the axial direction of the funnel inlet roller 9 and parallel to the funnel inlet roller 9 are arranged displaceably and movable.
- At the outlet of the funnel 11; 12 are known folding roller pairs 26; 27, which are in racks 28; 29 can be moved with rollers 31 on a plate 32.
- the plate 32 is in the side frames 33; 34 attached to the machine.
- the drive of the movable frames 28; 29 takes place via an adjusting spindle 35, and the funnel 11; 12 is carried out equally via an adjusting spindle.
- the adjusting spindles 35; 36 can via a toothed belt 37 with a toothed belt pulley 38 with shaft 39 and a handwheel 41 and not shown, on the adjusting spindles 35; 36 arranged toothed belt pulleys or driven by similar known gear.
- electric synchronous motors on the adjusting spindles 35; 36 may be arranged.
- the adjusting spindles 35; 36, the shaft 39 and the hopper inlet roller 9 are by known means in the side frames 33; 34 stored.
- the adjusting spindles 35; 36 have an opposite thread.
- the funnel 11; 12 represent a funnel position as a full line, which the finished 1/4-wide strands 23; 24 with longitudinal fold according to Fig. 2 corresponds.
- the dashed representation alternatively corresponds to the 1/3 partial webs 6; 8 according to Fig. 1, wherein the middle between the funnel 11; 12 passed partial web 7 has not been shown for the sake of clarity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zum Längsfalzen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for longitudinal folding according to the preamble of claim 1.
Durch die gattungsgemäße DE 24 41 970 A1 ist eine Einrichtung zum Längsfalzen von drei gleichbreiten Papierbahn-Strängen, die durch Längsschneiden einer Papierbahn er zeugt werden, bekanntgeworden. Es sind drei Falztrichter vorgesehen. Ein einzelner Falztrichter ist auf einer Ebene und zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Falztrichter auf einer zweiten Ebene vorgesehen. Die Projektion des einzelnen Falztrichters kommt zwischen die zwei anderen Falztrichter zu liegen.By the generic DE 24 41 970 A1 a device for longitudinal folding of three equally wide paper web strands, which are produced by slitting a paper web, it is known. Three formers are provided. A single former is provided on one level and two adjacent former on a second level. The projection of the single former is between the two other former.
Die DE-PS 6 68 877 zeigt einen verstellbaren Doppelfalztrichter für Rotationsdruckmaschinen, bei welchem die Falztrichter nebeneinander in verschiedener Höhe angeordnet sind. Ein Trichter mit dazugehöriger Einzeltrichterwalze ist seitlich verstellbar. Mit diesem Doppelfalztrichter können variable Bahnbreiten in je zwei gleichbreite Stränge aufgeschnitten und längsgefalzt werden.
Nachteilig bei dieser Anordnung der Doppelfalztrichter ist, daß nur zwei Stränge gefalzt werden können.DE-PS 6 68 877 shows an adjustable double folding former for rotary printing presses, in which the folding former are arranged next to one another at different heights. A hopper with associated single hopper roller is laterally adjustable. With this double-fold former, variable web widths can be cut into two strands of the same width and folded lengthways.
A disadvantage of this arrangement of the double folding formers is that only two strands can be folded.
Aus der US-A-17 70 350 ist ein Doppelfalzwerk entnehmbar das auf verschiedene Bahnbreiten anpaßbar ist. Hierzu sind die nebeneinander angeordneten beiden Falzwerke samt Trichter quer zur Laufrichtung der Papierbahn verfahrbar.From US-A-17 70 350 a double folder can be seen which is adaptable to different web widths. For this purpose, the two folding units together with the former can be moved transversely to the direction of travel of the paper web.
Mit diesem Doppelfalzwerk ist nur eine Produktion mit einem Strang oder mit beiden möglich, wobei beide Stränge nicht zusammengefaßt werden können.With this double folding unit, only one strand or both can be produced, whereby both strands cannot be combined.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zum Längsfalzen von Papierbahnen zu schaffen, mit der es möglich ist, aus einer Papierbahn maximaler Breite zwei Teilbahnen oder drei Teilbahnen von variabler Breite zu falzen.The invention has for its object to provide a device for longitudinally folding paper webs, with which it is possible to fold two partial webs or three partial webs of variable width from a paper web of maximum width.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegen insbesondere darin, daß pro Breite des Druckzylinders zwei oder mehrere falzbare Produkte hergestellt werden können. So können beispielsweise eine Zeitung mit vier Seiten nebeneinander über zwei Falztrichter oder sechs Seiten eines Telefonbuches nebeneinander über drei Falztrichter hergestellt werden, wobei die gesamte Druckbreite der Papierbahn in ihrer Abmessung variabel sein kann, wodurch ebenfalls die Breiten der zu falzenden Produkte variabel sind. Es können Wendestangen und Papierleitwalzen eingespart werden.The advantages of the solution according to the invention are in particular that two or more foldable products can be produced per width of the printing cylinder. For example, a newspaper with four pages next to one another can be produced using two formers or six pages of a telephone book can be produced side by side using three formers, whereby the entire printing width of the paper web can be variable in its dimensions, whereby the widths of the products to be folded can also be varied. Turning bars and paper guide rollers can be saved.
Die Einrichtung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Die dazugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Papierbahnführung über Trichtereinlaufwalzen in zwei Ebenen zum Falzen von drei gleichbreiten Papierbahnen;
- Fig. 2
- eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 1, jedoch zum Falzen von zwei gleichbreiten Papierbahnen;
- Fig. 3
- eine Detaildarstellung der quer zur Papierlaufrichtung verschiebbaren Trichter nach Fig. 1 und 2.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a paper web guide according to the invention via funnel inlet rollers in two planes for folding three equally wide paper webs;
- Fig. 2
- a representation corresponding to Figure 1, but for folding two equally wide paper webs.
- Fig. 3
- a detailed view of the funnel movable transversely to the paper running direction according to FIGS.
Gemäß Fig. 1 ist die Papierbahnführung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zum Längsfalzen mit den Trichtern dargestellt, welche eine ankommende 1/1-Papierbahn 1 zeigt, die über eine Zugwalze 2 geführt wird. Über der Zugwalze 2 sind zwei Längsschneidmesser 3; 4 in Form von Kreismessern angeordnet, welche die Papierbahn 1 in drei 1/3-breite Teilbahnen 6; 7; 8 zerschneidet. Die Teilbahnen 6; 8 werden in der Ebene der Zugwalze 2 zu einer Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 und zu seitlich verschiebbaren Trichtern 11; 12 weitergeführt. Die Teilbahnen 6; 8 verlassen die Trichter 11; 12 als jeweils einen 1/6-breiten Strang 13; 14 mit Längsfalz.1, the paper web guide of the device for longitudinal folding according to the invention is shown with the funnels, which shows an incoming 1/1 paper web 1, which is guided over a
Die Teilbahn 7 wird in eine andere, höhere Ebene zu einer Trichtereinlaufwalze 16 mit ortsfestem Trichter 17 geführt, in dem ein 1/6-breiter Strang 18 gebildet wird. Der Strang 18 wird zwischen den beiden Strängen 13; 14 hindurchgeführt. Die Breite der 1/1-Papierbahn 1 kann variiert werden. Entsprechend ist der Abstand a zwischen den gedachten Mittellinien der Teilbahnen 6; 8 einzustellen, damit diese mit der Mitte des Auslaufes der Trichter 11; 12 übereinstimmen. Die 1/3-breiten Teilbahnen 6; 7; 8 könnten beispielsweise der Breite von drei Doppelseiten eines Telefonbuches entsprechen, das außerdem noch in der Breite variabel ist.The
Die zweite Ebene, in welcher die Trichtereinlaufwalze 16 und der Trichter 17 angeordnet sind, kann sowohl über der Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 liegen, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, als auch darunter.The second level, in which the
Gemäß Fig. 2 wird die 1/1-Papierbahn 1 über die Zugwalze 2 geführt. Ein Längsschneidmesser 19 trennt die Papierbahn 1 alternativ zu Fig. 1 in zwei 1/2-breite Teilbahnen 21; 22 auf, die wiederum in der gleichen Ebene zur Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 weitergeführt und den seitlich verschiebbaren Trichtern 11; 12 zugeführt werden. Als Längsschneidmesser 19 kann auch eines der Längsschneidmesser 3; 4 eingesetzt werden, wenn dieses verstellbar ausgebildet ist. Das nicht benötigte Längsschneidmesser 4 wird dann außer Betrieb genommen. Die Teilbahnen 21; 22 verlassen die Trichter 11; 12 als 1/4-breite Stränge 23; 24 mit Längsfalz. Die in der zweiten Ebene angeordnete Trichtereinlaufwalze 16 mit dem Trichter 17 bleibt hierbei unbenutzt.2, the 1/1 paper web 1 is guided over the
Gemäß Fig. 3 ist eine Detaildarstellung nach Fig. 2 gezeigt. Es wird die schematische Vorderansicht von in einer ersten Ebene nebeneinander befindlichen Falztrichtern 11, 12 gezeigt, die quer zur Laufrichtung der Papierbahnen 6; 8, d. h. in axialer Richtung der Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 und parallel zu derselben verschiebbar und verfahrbar unter der Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 angeordnet sind. An dem Auslauf der Trichter 11; 12 befinden sich bekannte Falzwalzenpaare 26; 27, die in Gestellen 28; 29 mit Laufrollen 31 auf einer Platte 32 verfahrbar sind. Die Platte 32 ist in den Seitengestellen 33; 34 der Maschine befestigt.According to FIG. 3, a detailed representation according to FIG. 2 is shown. The schematic front view of
Der Antrieb der verfahrbaren Gestelle 28; 29 erfolgt über eine Stellspindel 35, und der Antrieb der Trichter 11; 12 erfolgt gleichermaßen über eine Stellspindel. Die Stellspindeln 35; 36 können über einen Zahnriemen 37 mit einer Zahnriemenscheibe 38 mit Welle 39 und einem Handrad 41 und nicht dargestellten, auf den Stellspindeln 35; 36 angeordneten Zahnriemenscheiben oder über ähnliche bekannte Getriebe angetrieben werden. Beispielsweise können elektrische Synchronmotoren auf den Stellspindeln 35; 36 angeordnet sein.The drive of the
Die Stellspindeln 35; 36, die Welle 39 sowie die Trichtereinlaufwalze 9 sind durch bekannte Mittel in den Seitengestellen 33; 34 gelagert. Die Stellspindeln 35; 36 besitzen ein gegenläufiges Gewinde.The adjusting
Die Trichter 11; 12 stellen als Vollinie eine Trichterposition dar, die den fertigen 1/4-breiten Strängen 23; 24 mit Längsfalz nach Fig. 2 entspricht.The
Die gestrichelte Darstellung entspricht alternativ den 1/3-Teilbahnen 6; 8 nach Fig. 1, wobei die in der Mitte zwischen dem Trichter 11; 12 hindurchgeführte Teilbahn 7 der besseren Übersicht halber nicht dargestellt worden ist.The dashed representation alternatively corresponds to the 1/3
- 11
- 1/1-Papierbahn1/1 paper web
- 22nd
- ZugwalzePull roller
- 33rd
- LängsschneidmesserSlitting knife
- 44th
- LängsschneidmesserSlitting knife
- 55
- --
- 66
- 1/3-Teilbahn1/3 part web
- 77
- 1/3-Teilbahn1/3 part web
- 88th
- 1/3-Teilbahn1/3 part web
- 99
- TrichtereinlaufwalzeHopper inlet roller
- 1010th
- --
- 1111
- Trichter, verschiebbarFunnel, slidable
- 1212th
- Trichter, verschiebbarFunnel, slidable
- 1313
- Strang, 1/6-breitStrand, 1/6 wide
- 1414
- Strang, 1/6-breitStrand, 1/6 wide
- 1515
- --
- 1616
- TrichtereinlaufwalzeHopper inlet roller
- 1717th
- Trichterfunnel
- 1818th
- Strang, 1/6-breitStrand, 1/6 wide
- 1919th
- LängsschneidmesserSlitting knife
- 2020th
- --
- 2121
- 1/2-Teilbahn1/2-part web
- 2222
- 1/2-Teilbahn1/2-part web
- 2323
- Strang, 1/4-breitStrand, 1/4 wide
- 2424th
- Strang, 1/4-breitStrand, 1/4 wide
- 2525th
- --
- 2626
- FalzwalzenpaarFolding roller pair
- 2727
- FalzwalzenpaarFolding roller pair
- 2828
- Gestellframe
- 2929
- Gestellframe
- 3030th
- --
- 3131
- LaufrollenCasters
- 3232
- Platteplate
- 3333
- SeitengestellSide frame
- 3434
- SeitengestellSide frame
- 3535
- SeitengesteilSide part
- 3636
- --
- 3737
- ZahnriemenTiming belt
- 3838
- ZahnriemenscheibeTiming belt pulley
- 3939
- Wellewave
- 4040
- --
- 4141
- HandradHandwheel
- aa
- Abstanddistance
Claims (3)
- A device for longitudinal folding of a plurality of paper web strands of the same width which are made by longitudinally cutting a paper web, three folding formers (11; 12; 17) being provided, of which a single one (17) is arranged in one plane and two (11; 12) are arranged next to each other in a second plane and the projection of the single former (17) comes to lie between the other two folding formers (11; 12), characterized in that the two folding formers (11; 12) arranged in the same plane may be moved transversely in relation to the direction in which the paper web (6; 8) runs, in that a) an operation using three strands (6; 7; 8) each 1/3 the width of the paper web and b) an operation using two strands (21; 22) each 1/2 the width of the paper web may be set up, in that in the operation according to a) all the formers (11; 12; 17) are in operation and in the operation according to b) only the two formers (11; 12) in the same plane are in operation.
- A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single folding former (17) is arranged above the two movable folding formers (11; 12).
- A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single folding former (17) is arranged below the two movable folding formers (11; 12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4204254 | 1992-02-13 | ||
DE4204254A DE4204254C2 (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1992-02-13 | Device for longitudinal folding of several paper webs of the same width in a web-fed rotary printing press |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0557774A1 EP0557774A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0557774B1 true EP0557774B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 |
Family
ID=6451600
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93101924A Expired - Lifetime EP0557774B1 (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1993-02-08 | Device for longitudinally folding several paper webs of equal width in a rotary web-fed printing machine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5328437A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0557774B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2597450B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4204254C2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2097201C1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006021104A1 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-02 | Maschinenfabrik Wifag | Longitudinal folding device comprising formers having different widths |
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US5916070A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-06-29 | Donohue; James P. | Exercise device |
US6152034A (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2000-11-28 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, Ag | Former board arrangement in a web-fed rotary newspaper printing press |
DE10003025C1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-05-23 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Paper web folding station to give cut and folded sheets in a tabloid newspaper format has sliding folding units with folding funnels and cutters and folding rollers to give a number of folding units at a station |
DE50108127D1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2005-12-29 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Folder for a web-fed rotary printing press |
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DE102008044251A1 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | Manroland Ag | former arrangement |
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US20130269493A1 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-17 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Variable cutoff in a cutter folder |
DE202014100704U1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-02-26 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | print product |
DE102014117243A1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Manroland Web Systems Gmbh | Stackers arranged one above the other |
DE202014105675U1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2015-01-21 | Manroland Web Systems Gmbh | Stackers arranged one above the other |
EP3752366A4 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2021-09-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Cutter module mechanism |
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- 1993-02-08 EP EP93101924A patent/EP0557774B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-08 DE DE59302960T patent/DE59302960D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-09 JP JP5020960A patent/JP2597450B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-11 US US08/016,271 patent/US5328437A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-12 RU RU9393004466A patent/RU2097201C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US1770350A (en) * | 1927-05-28 | 1930-07-08 | Wood Newspaper Mach Corp | Folder unit and former support |
DE2441970A1 (en) * | 1974-09-02 | 1976-03-18 | Springer Ag Verlag Axel | Folder-cutter in rotary printer for newspapers, magazines - folds individual webs longitudinally before severing them collectively |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2006021104A1 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-02 | Maschinenfabrik Wifag | Longitudinal folding device comprising formers having different widths |
DE102004041666A1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Maschinenfabrik Wifag | Longitudinal folding device with different widths formers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH05270732A (en) | 1993-10-19 |
DE4204254A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
JP2597450B2 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0557774A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
RU2097201C1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
DE4204254C2 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
DE59302960D1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
US5328437A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
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