EP0553776A2 - Procédé de conversion de la structure chimique des composés contenant, en particulier chlore et fluore - Google Patents

Procédé de conversion de la structure chimique des composés contenant, en particulier chlore et fluore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0553776A2
EP0553776A2 EP93101169A EP93101169A EP0553776A2 EP 0553776 A2 EP0553776 A2 EP 0553776A2 EP 93101169 A EP93101169 A EP 93101169A EP 93101169 A EP93101169 A EP 93101169A EP 0553776 A2 EP0553776 A2 EP 0553776A2
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Prior art keywords
molecular bonds
breaking
substances
energy
zone
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0553776A3 (en
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Siegfried Dr. Conrad
Bernd Schöngarth
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A62D3/19—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
    • A62D2203/10—Apparatus specially adapted for treating harmful chemical agents; Details thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for converting the chemical structure of preferably chlorine-fluorine-containing compounds of a substance of solid, liquid or gaseous state or a combination of these states.
  • the invention relates to the change in the chemical structure of compounds of all kinds, provided that they are not or only weakly radioactive. It can be, for example, waste products from the chemical, pharmaceutical, petroleum and mineral oil industries, the meat processing and dairy industry, this series being able to be continued as desired, ie any type of chemical compound can be treated with the process according to the invention.
  • the composition of these substances can vary.
  • a special aspect of the method according to the invention is not only the rendering of the substances harmless, but in particular also a targeted utilization of these substances in the sense of recycling or a new synthesis of chemical compounds.
  • a particular area of application of the method according to the invention is the disposal in the sense of disposal of various types of waste, for example domestic and industrial waste, sewage sludge, car tires, etc.
  • One goal is the targeted utilization of these waste materials in the sense of recycling by means of a new synthesis of chemical compounds.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for the structural change of substances of any kind, in particular a reuse should be possible.
  • the invention proposes that at least some of the molecular bonds in the chemical structure be broken and that the atomic and / or molecular fragments formed in this way be removed, in particular restructured.
  • the basic idea of the substance conversion process according to the invention for the structural change, ie the modification of substances, is that these substances are not only oxidized, but that the molecules are broken down in their molecular bonds. This will hereinafter be referred to as "cracking". However, it is not necessary for all the molecular bonds of the molecules to be broken and thus only atoms to be formed as fragments; it is equally conceivable that only individual groups of molecules are broken up and thus molecular fragments are also formed.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the physical fact that atomic and molecular groups have a fixed or movable lattice structure, depending on the state of aggregation.
  • the intermolecular forces and the kinetic energy of the individual building blocks of the compounds can be influenced in such a way that their bonds are broken and the mixture of substances can thus be broken down into desired components. It is desirable that the energy required for this is used in a precisely metered manner, since otherwise undesired chemical bonds are broken. This occurs, for example, when the starting material mixture is thermally excited so that vibrational states of the atoms or molecules are activated and thus all ties are broken.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore based on the idea that the intermolecular forces and the kinetic energy of the movable or fixed building blocks of the lattice structure of the various chemical bonds can be influenced, in such a way that the bonds break and thus atomic and / or molecular fragments arise. It is not assumed that the substances are combustible.
  • the excitation or activation of certain or all molecular groups for the purpose of destroying their bonds is followed by the subsequent synthesis to new compounds by rearrangement of atoms or molecular groups after prior cracking.
  • the plasma state is generally generated and desired products are produced by targeted synthesis or by selection of suitable fragments.
  • the plasma state is only produced after gasification in the lower temperature range, for example in the range from 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
  • either the removal of the desired fragments (for example hydrogen) and the further processing of the remainder or the new synthesis of compounds takes place through a targeted combination of the selected fragments obtained from the cracking process or the cracking processes.
  • the synthesis of new compounds takes place, among other things, through the appropriate choice of temperature, pressure and concentration in the reaction area.
  • the reaction regime can be influenced from the outside additionally or exclusively by means of sound or microwaves or radiation. By varying these parameters, an optimization of the products obtained with the new synthesis or restructuring can be aimed for. In this way, a targeted influence can be exerted on the new synthesis and this can be controlled accordingly.
  • the temperature will be in the range between 2,000 and 20,000 ° C, in particular in the range between 3,000 and 10,000 ° C. It is also possible to add gaseous, liquid and / or solid foreign substances if there is no desired reactant in the original substance. This reactant is then supplied by the foreign substance.
  • the presence of nitrogen is only possible through proportions in the feed material, since no air with its nitrogen content is used to oxidize the fuel gases in the event of cracking by means of a gas flame.
  • the nitrogen is in the gas phase in the cleavage process.
  • the carrier gas can consist of nitrogen or nitrogen mixtures / nitrogen compounds.
  • the presence of oxygen can promote the formation of dioxins, the formation of NO x compounds, etc., or only make it possible if compounds containing Cl-F are present.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the formation of toxins such as dioxins, furans, PCP or the like can be avoided. Among other things, this is done by avoiding oxidizing atmospheres in the cracking process and / or breaking bonds in the status nascendi by incorporating foreign atoms from being able to form harmful compounds.
  • the return to the cracking process after prior removal of the corresponding substances, for example by means of adsorbers or absorbers, also allows the removal of pollutants.
  • the material loaded with pollutants e.g. activated carbon grit, zeolites is returned to the cracking zone.
  • the aim of the process according to the invention is to discharge only those substances from the process which are harmless or which can serve as starting materials for new products or finished products. Pollutants are rendered harmless in the process itself or in conjunction with other processes so that they do not leave the specified balancing group.
  • the cracking reaction can be carried out vertically, horizontally and in other positions.
  • the reaction vessel and the removal of the waste products are preferably thermally insulated.
  • the preferred field of application of the method according to the invention is disposal in the sense of eliminating waste products of all kinds.
  • the method according to the invention not only ensures environmentally friendly disposal of waste materials, but the end products are also recyclable by using one targeted recycling can be supplied.
  • the breaking up of the molecules is preferably carried out preferably in the plasma state.
  • the crack zone is designed as a plasma zone.
  • the generation of a plasma state represents a very particularly preferred method of carrying out the process, and desired products can be produced by targeted synthesis or by selection of suitable fragments.
  • the plasma state is only produced after gasification in the lower temperature range, for example in the range between 200 ° C. and 1,000 ° C. For the reason of the temperature regime in all cases of plasma reactions in the reactor design, care must be taken to ensure that a plasma space separated from the walls must be created if either the wall cooling or the material question cannot be designed effectively enough. In extreme cases, electromagnetic contact locks must be provided.
  • Another possibility is to have the process run in several stages, for example by treating the parts of the waste material that can be processed more cheaply with conventional methods or that can be implemented at relatively low temperatures in upstream process stages and then subjecting the residues to the more complex plasma treatment .
  • a particular process implementation suggests that the certain plasma state generated in parts of the reaction process, under certain temperature, pressure and concentration ratios, may be divided into fractions and impinged on with foreign atoms or foreign ions.
  • the foreign atoms are preferably introduced into the plasma process in gaseous form.
  • the introduction of the foreign atoms as a liquid or solid is more expedient.
  • the introduction of liquid / solid substances into the viscous plasma is a problem in itself.
  • Plasma torches or flame beam devices are preferably used to break the molecular bonds.
  • the molecular bonds are broken or excited in resonant vibrational states to break them.
  • the natural vibrations or natural frequencies of the atoms or molecules of chemical compounds are thus used for the cracking process, so that interference phenomena which are amplified by resonance with a vibration generator occur in such a way that the molecular bonds break.
  • the range of natural frequencies of the most diverse molecules is taken into account in the course of the process.
  • Energy is preferably supplied in the form of electromagnetic radiation in order to break the molecular bonds.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can be visible light, light in the ultraviolet or infrared range or microwaves.
  • the rocket-anti-rocket principle is used for this type of cracking by means of energy input by means of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the particles of the starting mixture are brought into a zone of high energy concentration, which is generated by means of this electromagnetic radiation.
  • thermal energy in the form of arc discharges can also be supplied in order to break the molecular bonds.
  • the supply of thermal energy is advantageous in certain applications.
  • the thermal energy can be supplied in the form of temperature-dosed gas flames (e.g. plasma torches), which are directed towards the mixture or individual parts of it, while it is embedded in a gel, for example.
  • temperature-dosed gas flames e.g. plasma torches
  • the operation of such flame jets by means of fuel gas by means of hot punctual gas blown flames or plasmatons is technically easily controllable and is state of the art.
  • energy in the form of corpuscular rays is supplied in order to break the molecular bonds.
  • the energy supply is supplied by sound wave interference.
  • sound wave interference can be generated, for example, by ultrasound.
  • the energy can be supplied by radiation (light, high frequency, heat), kinetic energy in the form of particle collisions or by strong electrical fields.
  • a further development suggests that the material is subjected to a discrete oscillation frequency.
  • the oscillation frequency is matched to the molecular bond to be broken in terms of its natural frequency, so that the desired resonance phenomena occur. This is limited to certain use cases.
  • the substance can be exposed to an oscillation frequency spectrum.
  • the broadband oscillation frequency spectrum is traversed, the generation of the resonance frequencies for the most diverse groups of molecules takes place in that a frequency generator with variable frequencies traverses the frequency range of the feed material and a response time is selected such that the individual types of molecules react in succession.
  • a very preferred further training suggests that the energy is focused. This creates a zone of high energy concentration, into which the substances to be cracked are introduced.
  • Forms of application of energy focusing consist of optically bundled beams (lens systems, concave mirror systems), although the bandwidth of the light waves can also be varied in certain cases.
  • the focusing device can be operated both uniaxially and multiaxially in several sections.
  • a rotatable focusing device or the material can also be used concentrically around the energy zone.
  • the basic idea is therefore that the energy carrier is compacted by means of focusing and hits the molecular group in such a way that the molecular group is caused to burst due to resonance phenomena.
  • Gas jets can be bundled for focused energy input through nozzles or appropriately designed pipes.
  • the focusing devices are to be protected against the influence of aggressive media by suitable measures. Overall, the focusing device can thus be designed in any conceivable way, it only has to focus the energy required for the cracking process in a specific zone.
  • the temperatures in the cracking zone can be up to 10,000 ° C, in particular even higher. However, the temperature in the cracking zone is preferably up to 2,600 ° C., since at these temperatures the vibrations of the molecules usually become so intense and extreme that many dressings break open.
  • a further preferred procedure proposes that the substance is continuously fed to the zone for breaking the molecular bonds.
  • Another particularly preferred implementation of the method proposes that the substance to be treated is subjected to the breaking of the molecular bonds in free space.
  • This has the great advantage that the cracking process does not require a support, for example a grate for solid materials, and the related problems associated therewith are avoided.
  • Due to the inventive cracking of the molecular groups in the free gas space the vertical or horizontal direction of the mass flow to be cracked is the preferred type of contact with the concentrated energy space. Cracking in free space is equally well suited for all three aggregate states (solid, liquid, gaseous).
  • the use of mixtures from different phases is also easy. Only suitably prepared solids or fluids always get into the reactor.
  • the fluids are offered to the reactor as aerosol, dust, gel or viscous medium (gel-like flocculation of colloids).
  • the cracking process according to the invention also works when the substance to be treated rests on a grate.
  • the solid substances can enter the zone for breaking the molecular bonds by means of gravity and the molecular bonds are broken in the state of suspension or during the downward fall. It this is a vertical arrangement of the mass flow to be cracked using gravity.
  • a preferred further development of this suggests that the solid substances are introduced into the zone for breaking the molecular bonds in free fall with an upward flow of a suitable gas to control the falling speed.
  • the dwell time required for the cracking process can be set by the parts falling down due to gravity being braked accordingly by the updraft.
  • the gas for the upward flow can be, for example, a corresponding return of the exhaust gas from the cracking process.
  • the substances can also be introduced into the zone for breaking the molecular bonds in a horizontal mass flow.
  • this horizontal direction is the preferred type of contact with the energy flow.
  • Another possibility provides for the use of disperse solids as reactants in the energy-intensive zone by means of a special device which enables the pure solid to come into contact with the energy zone.
  • the solid enters this zone, for example, through a nozzle under pressure, preventing the solid from caking on the nozzle (pulse exchange).
  • Another process implementation uses a carrier gas, for example a plasmatron, as an entrainer for the metered supply of the solid.
  • a carrier gas for example a plasmatron
  • An alternative embodiment to cracking suggests that liquid or solid substances are first given to a carrier in a thin layer and then the molecular bonds are broken.
  • a so-called thin-film reactor is used for this, the one to be cracked Layer has a maximum thickness of 1 mm.
  • An intermediate layer is preferably arranged between the support and the layer. Sometimes it is also convenient to pass a carrier gas of sufficient temperature over the layer to be cracked.
  • a further preferred development of the implementation of the method proposes that the breaking of the molecular bonds be carried out with the participation of an external special steam, gas, a liquid or a special solid. This is done when a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere is desired or a specific target compound using a substance is possible from the outside.
  • the introduction of the foreign medium does not necessarily have to be at the beginning of the process, but can also be carried out at different times.
  • the use of a foreign substance can influence the reaction, including the sign of the enthalpy of reaction.
  • the foreign substance is added appropriately.
  • the pressure in the fabric conversion system ranges from vacuum to 120 bar.
  • the pressure of the injected or drawn medium ranges from vacuum to 120 bar.
  • the temperature of the system is between 100 ° and 12,000 ° C.
  • the special additional substance is a carrier gas, in particular hydrogen, nitrogen, argon or another mixture thereof.
  • the carrier gas consists of the substance to be reacted itself.
  • the gas is preferably activated, in particular ionized. This also accelerates the cracking process or makes it possible in the first place.
  • the pressure in the reactor ranges from vacuum to 120 bar.
  • the temperature of the additional substance can be between 100 ° C and 980 ° C.
  • the pressure of the injected special gas is between 0 (vacuum) and 120 bar.
  • the process parameters are in the pressure range from 0 (vacuum) to 120 bar and in the temperature range from 100 ° C to 10,000 ° C (plasma).
  • a further development of the method according to the invention proposes that solid substances in comminuted form or specially prepared be fed to the zone for breaking the molecular bonds.
  • Such mechanically processed substances enable the process to be carried out continuously, since a continuous flow of the substances can be passed effortlessly into the reaction zone.
  • a disperse solid product is atomized in a viscous liquid or gel or guided on a porous surface at a certain angle to the energy beam and the cracking reaction is thus carried out.
  • the comminuted parts of the solid substance be enclosed in a gel, for example in a metal soap, in disperse form.
  • a gel for example in a metal soap
  • the substances, which may be combined with additives, are thus offered in gel form or with a suitable viscosity. It can be a gel-like flocculation of colloids.
  • the fluids can also be offered to the reactor as aerosol or dust.
  • the substances are introduced into the zone for breaking the molecular bonds by means of a carrier medium.
  • This carrier medium can be a gas or a liquid.
  • the introduction is preferably carried out by nozzle systems. Solids can be dispersed in a liquid or transported into the energy zone by means of a pulse.
  • a nozzle-baffle plate system is used for in particular the horizontal introduction of a feed fluid into the zone for breaking the molecular bonds.
  • a nozzle baffle system is used in particular in a horizontal reactor. It serves in particular to introduce a fluid in the solid / gaseous or solid / liquid aggregate state into the cracking zone and has, among other things. the task of suddenly braking the fluid flow and thereby controlling the back pressure and the dwell time in this area.
  • the baffle plate fulfills the function of a heat exchanger with a quench effect, which dissipates the heat released by the cracking reaction to a receiving medium, for example water or oil.
  • a further development suggests that a lock system is used to introduce the fluid flow, which can be hermetically sealed off from the zone for breaking the molecular bonds.
  • a further development suggests that the fluid flow is introduced by means of ultrasound. This can improve the fluid intake in certain cases.
  • Another preferred implementation of the method suggests that the conversion process for treating the substances takes place over several process stages. This multi-stage process control is only carried out if there is no other possibility, since the expense of the plasma process can be complex. In cases where one or more components are to be removed from a mixture using plasma technology, while the rest is retained, this further development in process technology can be used. In these cases, the selective effect is not given in thermal plasma processes, but rather, for example, by using microwave technology or other suitable processes.
  • the cracking process is there not necessarily associated with high temperatures. For example, it is possible to prevent fragments (radicals) from recombining into undesired compounds, even at comparatively low temperatures, by inserting foreign atoms or fragments between them in order to obtain the desired structures. In this way, quenching can be avoided to a certain extent to "freeze" a state that is not in equilibrium, although quenching with an additional reactant (for example potassium hydroxide solution) brings good results in some cases.
  • an additional reactant for example potassium hydroxide solution
  • a further development of the method according to the invention proposes that mass flows be returned to the process for breaking the molecular bonds.
  • the crack product stream is separated in corresponding cases and the undesirable portion is returned to the reactor, where the molecular bonds of harmful or undesirable constituents are broken up again.
  • the cracking product stream is separated, for example, by adsorption.
  • adsorption is carried out on activated carbon, for example, the material must be comminuted with the appropriate load and grain size and returned to the process.
  • carrier gases such as hydrogen, nitrogen, argon or mixtures thereof are used in the sense that the change in the atmosphere in the reactor (oxidizing, reducing) reduces or even prevents the formation of pollutants.
  • the energy balance of the implementation process is designed in such a way that a process takes place with a reduction in the amount of energy used or the release of process energy.
  • the release of energy depends on the type of feed material and on the technical possibilities, whereby the proportion of external reactants can significantly increase the energy gain.
  • the one after the generation of electrical energy Remaining waste products e.g. thin acids from HCL and HF
  • electrical energy Remaining waste products e.g. thin acids from HCL and HF
  • a short-term, sudden cooling be carried out after breaking the molecular bonds.
  • This quenching prevents the recombination of toxic substances (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans etc.) by reducing the combination potential.
  • toxic substances dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans etc.
  • a vertical reactor is shown. Gravity is used to feed the material to be cracked.
  • a feed device with a downpipe 1, a lock 2 and an ultrasonic transducer 3 is provided in a vertical arrangement.
  • a focusing device 4 which is arranged either uniaxially or multiaxially (depending on the application) concentrically around the downpipe 1 for bundling energy.
  • the focusing device 4 is designed as a gas discharge system or a plasmatron gas burner system depending on the respective application. If necessary, the focusing device 4 is also protected against corrosion by suitable measures.
  • the material to be cracked is given to the downpipe 1.
  • the residence time can be controlled upward flow of a suitable gas.
  • the gas can, for example, be the exhaust gas from the cracking process by means of a corresponding recycling.
  • the feed material is cracked and, if necessary, the synthesis.
  • a heat exchanger 5 and a fluid drain 6, in which the heavy phase collects.
  • the resulting hot fluid flows out of the side of the apparatus, since the nozzle-like inlet of the feed material allows the fluid waste products to be collected peripherally.
  • the outflowing or sucked-off fluid streams are brought through the critical temperature zone, for example by rapid cooling (quenching), in order to avoid the formation of pollutants.
  • a downstream, special cooling system 7 is used for this purpose, which enables the critical temperature zone to be passed quickly.
  • the exhaust gas leaving the cooling system 7 is used for further processing.
  • Fluids emerging from the cracking process are either converted back into the cracking process or, in the case of molten or liquid components, into the solid or cooled state with respect to gases which are not in the low molecular weight range, including the pollutants (for example, hydrogen is a desired end product).
  • pollutants for example, hydrogen is a desired end product
  • FIG. 2 In contrast to the vertical reactor in FIG. 1, a horizontal reactor is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the feed device 8 is horizontal and opens into a nozzle 9, in front of which a baffle plate 10 is located.
  • the focusing device 11 is located in the area of this nozzle-baffle plate system.
  • This focusing device 11 can be a lens, mirror or electronic focusing system for light waves (monochromatic or polychromatic), microwaves or arcs / gas jets.
  • a hot, selective gas blower flame can also be provided in individual cases. The space for the plasma can definitely be contained in this reactor.
  • a feed fluid is first generated and introduced into the cracking zone by means of the nozzle-baffle system.
  • the nozzle baffle system has the task, among other things, of the fluid flow suddenly to brake and thereby to indicate or control a backflow and the residence time behavior in this area.
  • the baffle plate 10 fulfills the function of heat transfer (eg quenching), ie the heat released by the cracking reaction is released to a medium, for example water or oil. In some cases, however, the nozzle baffle plate system is dispensed with (for example at high temperatures without quenching).
  • reaction products are treated in the same way as in the vertical reactor described above. Only the waste product that corresponds to the desired goal leaves the process. This will primarily be hydrogen and carbon monoxide (water gas) as a known combustible gas combination.
  • the synthesis of new products can be influenced by targeted reaction control.
  • the inclusion of a separation device for separating undesired substances is one way of keeping target products clean.
  • Heavy metals can be removed in a known manner by adding, for example, silicon compounds or aluminosilicates or oxygen for oxidic bonds.
  • the presence of, for example, calcium oxide, which is introduced into the energy zone in a certain form in solid form, is also often advantageous.
  • the effectiveness of the storage can be checked, for example, using the eluate test.
  • a thin-film reactor is shown, as it can be used for example for the disposal of small and very small quantities in the home or in small communities.
  • the solids are first crushed in a mill, the solid to be processed should be free of metals.
  • the ground material is mixed into a paste in a mixer and pressed into the thin-film reactor of FIG. 3 by a corresponding device.
  • the thin-film reactor works as follows: The material film is held on a rotating, porous drum by vacuum while the drum rotates. If traces of heavy metal are to be removed, fine-grained sand is added to the paste, for example. If high temperatures are required, a temperature-stable intermediate layer 14 can be provided between the drum 12 and the material to be cracked. With a flat arrangement Energy input device 15, which in the simplest case can consist of one or more gas nozzles, the film layer is cracked. The gas escapes upwards into a gas trap. Gas drawn off by vacuum is separated on its way to the pump and passed into the gas trap (gas drawn into the drum). The remaining residue is discharged downwards through a stripping device 17. The entire device is thermally insulated.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b A device for heavy metal separation is disclosed in FIGS. 4a and 4b. In particular, it is possible with this device to separate or extract heavy metals. In principle, heavy metals can be extracted from liquids or solids with this process.
  • the cooled melt is ground, while metals drawn off under vacuum solidify or crystallize out.
  • the usefulness of such investigations for heavy metal storage can be estimated from knowledge of the ionic radii of the metals to be stored and the geometry of the lattice structures provided. Since a stable installation in lattice structures of silicon compounds or alumino-silicates is achieved with the method thus formed, the ground product can be used, for example, as a building material additive.
  • the eluate test is one option as a test for the stability of the new bonds.
  • the solid mixture of a feed device 18 is fed in the form of a triangular profile.
  • electrodes 20 which too Three-phase electrodes can be formed
  • an arc is generated in such a way that the solid mixture does not interrupt the arc, but the melt flow is nevertheless ensured.
  • the resulting gas is extracted and rendered harmless. It is also possible to supply foreign ions to the energy application zone, for example to render cyanides harmless as a gas.
  • the gas can be injected, for example. Due to the triangular shape of the solid layer lying on the conveyor belt 19 (FIG. 4b), only the upper part of the mixture is melted and there is no caking on the conveyor belt 19. The unmelted part is returned to the process.
  • the solidified melt components are ground after discharge from the actual process.
  • FIG. 5 Another device for the selection of heavy metals is shown in FIG.
  • the material is not only melted but evaporated.
  • the evaporation temperature to be achieved depends on the components of the material systems to be processed.
  • a steam reactor 22 with a liquid trap 23 is connected upstream of this tube 21.
  • the tube 21 is divided into segments according to the number of elements to be selected, ie heavy metals. These segments are cooled so that the condensation temperature of a specific heavy metal is set in each segment, the segments being arranged in the decreasing series of the condensation temperatures of the heavy metals.
  • the steam of the feed mixture is first generated in the steam reactor 22, deflected and fed into the vertical selection tube 21, which contains the previously described segments.
  • the tube 21 is equipped with cooling jacket rings 24, which are arranged above annular bulges 25 for receiving the condensed heavy metal.
  • the condensed heavy metal runs due to the force of gravity as a film in these bulges 25, there forms a seal against gas penetration and is discharged via an outlet 26.
  • the liquid level is adjusted by throttling the outlet 26.
  • the downward force of the steam flow is generated by vacuum.
  • the process can be repeated if necessary to achieve greater purity. It is essential, however, that the selectivization process is understood and implemented as an equilibrium process analogous to thermal mass transfer technology.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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EP19930101169 1992-01-28 1993-01-27 Method of converting the chemical structure of compounds containing chlorine and fluorine Withdrawn EP0553776A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4202213 1992-01-28
DE4202213 1992-01-28
DE4205161 1992-02-20
DE19924205161 DE4205161A1 (de) 1992-01-28 1992-02-20 Verfahren zur entsorgung, insbesondere zur verwertung von abfallstoffen

Publications (2)

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EP0553776A2 true EP0553776A2 (fr) 1993-08-04
EP0553776A3 EP0553776A3 (en) 1993-11-03

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EP19930101169 Withdrawn EP0553776A3 (en) 1992-01-28 1993-01-27 Method of converting the chemical structure of compounds containing chlorine and fluorine

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DE4409027A1 (de) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 P & P Geotechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Dekontaminierung von mit organischen Schadstoffen belasteten wässrigen Lösungen und/oder Abwässern und Anordnung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE19548382A1 (de) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-04 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von Abfall
EP0962237A1 (fr) * 1998-05-27 1999-12-08 Erika Balle Méthode d'élimination et de valorisation des hydrocarbures halogénés
DE102006061188A1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff aus Wasserstoffverbindungen der Elemente der 4. bis 6. Hauptgruppe
WO2012080745A3 (fr) * 2010-12-17 2012-10-04 Doosan Power Systems Limited Appareil et procédé pour traiter un flux de gaz
WO2020164792A3 (fr) * 2019-02-12 2020-10-08 Smart Material Printing B.V. Procédé mécano-chimique

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DE4428418C2 (de) * 1994-08-11 1997-03-06 Buck Chem Tech Werke Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Inertisieren toxischer Gase oder toxischer vergasbarer Stoffe
DE102007024995A1 (de) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-11 Conpower Energieanlagen Gmbh & Co Kg. Verfahren zur Reinigung von Gasen, insbesondere am Eingang und/oder am Ausgang einer Biogasverbrennungsanlage, sowie Gasreiniger selbst

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DE3206785A1 (de) * 1981-02-27 1982-10-28 Villamos Ipari Kutato Intezet Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vernichtung von fluessigen, organische substanzen enthaltenden abfallstoffen und muell
DE3615027A1 (de) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-05 Dietrich Dipl Ing Dr Radke Verfahren zur zerstoerung organischer halogenverbindungen insbesondere von chlorierten biphenylen, polychlorierten dioxinen und polychlorierten furanen
DE3712125A1 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-20 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von chlorsilanhaltigen rueckstaenden durch verbrennung unter rueckgewinnung hochdisperser kieselsaeure und gasfoermiger hcl aus den rauchgasen
FR2640148A1 (fr) * 1988-11-10 1990-06-15 Agency Ind Science Techn Procede et dispositif pour la decomposition d'un compose organique halogene et generateur de plasma a induction a y utiliser
WO1991004104A1 (fr) * 1989-09-15 1991-04-04 Creative Systems Engineering, Inc. Transformation de composes gazeux ou evaporables organiques/organometalliques en solides inertes

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CA1225441A (fr) * 1984-01-23 1987-08-11 Edward S. Fox Incineration des dechets par pyrolyse avec apport de plasma
DE3937331A1 (de) * 1989-11-09 1990-07-19 Edwin P Schmidt Verfahren zum pyrolysieren oder einaeschern von abfallstoffen

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DE3206785A1 (de) * 1981-02-27 1982-10-28 Villamos Ipari Kutato Intezet Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vernichtung von fluessigen, organische substanzen enthaltenden abfallstoffen und muell
DE3615027A1 (de) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-05 Dietrich Dipl Ing Dr Radke Verfahren zur zerstoerung organischer halogenverbindungen insbesondere von chlorierten biphenylen, polychlorierten dioxinen und polychlorierten furanen
DE3712125A1 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-20 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von chlorsilanhaltigen rueckstaenden durch verbrennung unter rueckgewinnung hochdisperser kieselsaeure und gasfoermiger hcl aus den rauchgasen
FR2640148A1 (fr) * 1988-11-10 1990-06-15 Agency Ind Science Techn Procede et dispositif pour la decomposition d'un compose organique halogene et generateur de plasma a induction a y utiliser
WO1991004104A1 (fr) * 1989-09-15 1991-04-04 Creative Systems Engineering, Inc. Transformation de composes gazeux ou evaporables organiques/organometalliques en solides inertes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4409027A1 (de) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 P & P Geotechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Dekontaminierung von mit organischen Schadstoffen belasteten wässrigen Lösungen und/oder Abwässern und Anordnung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE19548382A1 (de) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-04 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von Abfall
EP0962237A1 (fr) * 1998-05-27 1999-12-08 Erika Balle Méthode d'élimination et de valorisation des hydrocarbures halogénés
DE102006061188A1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff aus Wasserstoffverbindungen der Elemente der 4. bis 6. Hauptgruppe
WO2012080745A3 (fr) * 2010-12-17 2012-10-04 Doosan Power Systems Limited Appareil et procédé pour traiter un flux de gaz
US9238192B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2016-01-19 Doosan Babcock Limited Apparatus and method for processing a gas stream
WO2020164792A3 (fr) * 2019-02-12 2020-10-08 Smart Material Printing B.V. Procédé mécano-chimique
CN113747969A (zh) * 2019-02-12 2021-12-03 智能材料印刷有限公司 机械化学方法

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DE4205161A1 (de) 1993-07-29
EP0553776A3 (en) 1993-11-03

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