EP0546359B1 - Procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique avec refroidissement - Google Patents

Procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique avec refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546359B1
EP0546359B1 EP92119729A EP92119729A EP0546359B1 EP 0546359 B1 EP0546359 B1 EP 0546359B1 EP 92119729 A EP92119729 A EP 92119729A EP 92119729 A EP92119729 A EP 92119729A EP 0546359 B1 EP0546359 B1 EP 0546359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
jet
carbon dioxide
expansion
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92119729A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0546359A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Heinrich (Fh)
Wolfgang Schmidtke
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating a surface by means of a thermal spray method, for example flame or high-speed flame spraying, arc or plasma spraying or detonation spraying, a jet of hot transport gas and molten material particles being directed onto the surface in question and in the process adjacent to the spray jet is cooled with a cooling jet consisting essentially of carbon dioxide containing cold gas and snow particles.
  • a thermal spray method for example flame or high-speed flame spraying, arc or plasma spraying or detonation spraying
  • a jet of hot transport gas and molten material particles being directed onto the surface in question and in the process adjacent to the spray jet is cooled with a cooling jet consisting essentially of carbon dioxide containing cold gas and snow particles.
  • Such a method is known from DE-PS 26 15 022.
  • pure carbon dioxide (CO2) is used as a coolant, which is supplied to the nozzle generating the cooling jet in a liquid state.
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • a mixture of gaseous and solid CO2, ie CO2 snow particles is formed, which achieves a particularly high cooling performance when it hits a workpiece and is particularly advantageous in connection with the thermal application of layers.
  • gaseous instead of liquid carbonic acid (CO2) so there would be a significant reduced cooling effect, since the resulting cooling jet would have a lower coldness and in particular a considerably lower proportion of CO2 snow particles.
  • liquid carbon dioxide with CO2 being at ambient temperature and under the condensing pressure
  • a special form of CO2 supply must be guaranteed, namely one in which the carbon dioxide from the respective storage containers is in the liquid phase is applied.
  • the carbon dioxide which is in standard storage at 20 ° C with about 57 bar pressure in the associated storage tanks, can be discharged from them by means of a riser pipe or in another special way, ie the storage tanks must be provided with a liquid phase extraction.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a thermal spray process with CO2 cooling which avoids or eliminates the disadvantages described and in particular also enables the use of gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the carbon dioxide fraction in the cooling jet is obtained from gaseous carbon dioxide which is at least under 45 bar pressure, and in such a way that the carbon dioxide gas is initially largely closed via a narrow slot nozzle or another slot-like opening in an expansion slot arranged around this expansion slot Expansion volume is expanded into it and, based on this expansion volume and its outlet opening, the cooling jet is formed and directed onto the surface to be cooled.
  • any special equipment of the CO2 storage container can be omitted.
  • a slight limitation arises from the fact that the CO2 pressure in these containers for carrying out the invention must not drop below 45 bar, since the cold for the cooling jet alone from the Expansion cooling of the CO2 gas is obtained and on the other hand no contribution from the "latent cold" of the liquid carbon dioxide is available. For this reason, the cold yield is too low below pressure values of 45 bar, which can easily occur under unfavorable conditions - e.g. when the storage bottles are stored outdoors and at low outside temperatures. However, if the standard pressure values of approx. 57 bar, as they occur at room temperature, are available, this results in an excellent function.
  • the type of expansion of the carbon dioxide gas according to the invention via a slot nozzle or the like into a closed expansion volume is essential for the function and effectiveness of the invention.
  • the slot nozzle with its elongated and, on the other hand, narrow cross-sectional opening namely generates an expansion gas jet with a surface which is substantially enlarged in comparison to an expansion gas jet originating from a round nozzle.
  • This enlarged surface area results in an increased interaction of the expansion gas jet with its surroundings, which - according to the further essential feature of the invention - is formed by an expansion volume in which, during operation, cold carbon dioxide gas is almost exclusively already expanded. Warmer ambient air therefore has no direct access to the expanded carbon dioxide.
  • DE-PS 36 24 787 shows a cooling and freezing probe for local cooling of human or animal body areas and - in a secondary aspect - also of electronic components, which is based on the principle described, but the cooling of the respective area from close proximity takes place and no long-range cooling gas jet, but a suitably guided cooling gas flow is formed.
  • the transfer, adaptation and modified application according to the present invention is not obvious.
  • a cooling jet following and / or preceding the spray jet primarily protects temperature-sensitive spray material or heat-sensitive workpieces from overheating. With thermal spray processes cooled in the manner described, however, an increase in performance is generally possible compared to uncooled spray processes.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously carried out with an expansion nozzle, which has a connectable to a CO2 gas source inner tube 6 with a final slot nozzle, and has an outer tube 9 enveloping the inner tube at the end of the slot nozzle, projecting significantly beyond and forming the expansion volume.
  • an expansion nozzle With this expansion nozzle, a diameter to length ratio of 1 to 3 to 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, is maintained with regard to the cylindrical expansion volume formed with the outer tube.
  • a distance from the workpiece of at least approximately 3 cm is advantageously maintained in process operation in order to obtain a favorable process function.
  • the applicant has determined that an even higher and more advantageous cooling effect of the cooling jet formed as described can be obtained by starting from a carbon dioxide gas with a pressure of more than 65 bar, preferably 70 to 80 bar.
  • a carbon dioxide gas with a pressure of more than 65 bar, preferably 70 to 80 bar.
  • special precautions have to be taken, since - as described above - CO2 is only available at around 57 bar in standard storage tanks.
  • said higher pressures are produced by heating the gas storage device together with its contents and thus by generating a higher vapor pressure of the liquid CO2 or that the pressure increase is generated by a pump connected downstream of the storage device.
  • a storage container is particularly advantageously heated, for example, by arranging an electrical heating conductor in it.
  • Containers equipped with heating conductors are also available, since such heating devices are provided in any case when large amounts of CO2 gas are provided in the associated storage containers.
  • This circumstance therefore accommodates the "high-pressure variant" of the invention, and a suitably equipped storage tank with, for example, pressure-sensitive heating control can easily supply the pressures above 65 bar.
  • a particularly effective cooling jet is formed with this method variant, the effect of which lies in the relatively high proportion of snow in the jet.
  • FIG. 1 now shows a thermal spraying process, for example a flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying process operated with fuel gas and transport gas. Shown is a spray nozzle 1, as well as an expansion nozzle 2 and a workpiece 3. To apply the surface layer, the workpiece shown, namely a shaft 3, is rotated according to arrow 4 and the spray jet of the spray nozzle 1 is directed approximately perpendicularly onto its surface. For example, a wear-resistant layer containing tungsten carbide can be applied, the flame spray nozzle 1 and the coolant nozzle 2 being coupled, aligned in parallel, and advanced according to arrow 5 along a parallel to the workpiece surface.
  • the expansion nozzle follows the spray nozzle at a constant distance of approx.
  • the coolant used here is, in particular, pure carbon dioxide or - if a particularly high cooling capacity is required - mixtures of carbon dioxide together with helium and / or hydrogen according to EP-PS 0 263 469, the admixing gases preferably only directly in the area of impact of the coolant jet 2 ' be mixed on the workpiece.
  • FIG. 2 shows one of the possible expansion nozzles for carrying out the method according to the invention in section. This is composed of an inner tube 6 with a closing slot nozzle 7, and an outer tube 9 enveloping the end of the inner tube and forming the expansion volume 8, which is open at its end facing away from the expansion nozzle 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of the expansion nozzle shown in FIG. 2, likewise in a sectional view along the section line S in FIG Expansion channel 8 relaxed into it.
  • the relaxation process arise in particular due to a negative pressure formation behind the slot nozzle 7 CO2 cold gas and snow particles, and there is thus a mixture of cold gas and snow in the expansion volume 8, which leaves the expansion nozzle through the outlet opening 10 of the outer tube 9 and directed onto the workpiece becomes.
  • Such an expansion nozzle is to be dimensioned according to the desired throughput.
  • a coolant nozzle of the type shown which is suitable for common flame spraying processes, has e.g. an inner diameter D (see Figure 2) with respect to the outer tube 9 of 3 mm and thus - according to the length dimension to be maintained - a protruding length L of e.g. 15 mm.
  • Another size that is important in relation to the invention is the opening width of the slot nozzle of the inner tube. As a rule, this is advantageously between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. This opening width is based on the selection of the basic size of the expansion nozzle, i.e. after selection of the diameter for the inner or outer tube, in the narrower sense determining for the flow of CO2 gas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de revêtement d'une surface par pulvérisation thermique, dans lequel on dirige un jet de pulvérisation de gaz de transport chaud et de particules fondues de matériau sur la surface en cause, et on refroidit ensuite à proximité immédiate du jet de pulvérisation avec un jet réfrigérant se composant pour une partie essentielle de dioxyde de carbone et contenant du gaz froid et des particules de neige, caractérisé en ce que la part de dioxyde de carbone dans le jet réfrigérant est constituée à partir de dioxyde de carbone sous forme gazeuse se trouvant à une pression d'au plus 45 bars, de telle façon que le dioxyde de carbone gazeux soit détendu par une tuyère à fente ou une autre ouverture du genre fente, tout d'abord à l'intérieur d'un volume d'expansion ou de détente disposé autour de cette fente d'expansion et largement fermé à l'encontre de l'ambiance et que le jet réfrigérant soit formé à partir de ce volume d'expansion et de son ouverture de sortie et soit dirigé sur la zone à réfrigérant.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la part de dioxyde de carbone dans le jet réfrigérant est constituée de dioxyde de carbone sous forme gazeuse et se trouvant à une pression d'au plus 65 bars, et de préférence d'au plus 70 à 80 bars.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de pression du dioxyde de carbone est augmenté par apport de chaleur au réservoir de stockage correspondant, des températures de 25 à 35°C, de préférence de 30 à 32°C étant obtenues.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de chaleur au réservoir de stockage est réalisé à l'aide d'un conducteur de chauffage électrique introduit dans le réservoir de stockage.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de pression augmentée est réalisé à l'aide d'un compresseur ou par introduction d'un compresseur dans le réservoir de stockage, ce compresseur étant branché à l'aval de la sortie du réservoir.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le volume d'expansion formant le jet réfrigérant est amené par son ouverture de sortie à une distance de la pièce à traiter de 2 à 15 cm, de préférence de 3 à 8 cm.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement par le jet réfrigérant est réalisé de telle façon que le jet réfrigérant conduit à l'aval du jet de pulvérisation.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un jet réfrigérant est conduit en amont du jet de pulvérisation.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit plus d'un jet de réfrigération.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le jet de pulvérisation est entouré de plusieurs jets de réfrigération ou bien est entouré de tous côtés par un courant de gaz de réfrigération formant gaine.
  11. Tuyère d'expansion ou de détente pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par un tube intérieur (6) susceptible d'être raccordé à une source de dioxyde de carbone et muni d'une tuyère à fente (7) venant l'obturer, ainsi que par un tube extérieur (9) entourant à la manière d'une gaine le tube intérieur (6) à l'extrémité formant tuyère à fente, se prolongeant au-delà du tube intérieur et formant le volume d'expansion (8), ce tube extérieur comportant, à son extrémité opposée à la tuyère à fente (7), une ouverture de sortie (10).
  12. Tuyère d'expansion selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le volume d'expansion (8) de forme cylindrique et formé avec le tube extérieur (9), présente un rapport entre le diamètre et la longueur de 1 à 3 jusqu'à 1 à 10, de préférence d'environ 1 à 5.
EP92119729A 1991-12-12 1992-11-19 Procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique avec refroidissement Expired - Lifetime EP0546359B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4141020 1991-12-12
DE4141020A DE4141020A1 (de) 1991-12-12 1991-12-12 Verfahren zum beschichten einer oberflaeche mittels einer thermischen spritzmethode mit nachfolgender kuehlung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546359A1 EP0546359A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
EP0546359B1 true EP0546359B1 (fr) 1995-06-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92119729A Expired - Lifetime EP0546359B1 (fr) 1991-12-12 1992-11-19 Procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique avec refroidissement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0546359B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE124095T1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ282673B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4141020A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK282340B6 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008043869A (ja) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-28 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd 過冷却液相金属皮膜の形成用溶射装置
JP2008174784A (ja) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-31 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd 溶射によるアモルファス皮膜の形成方法

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204896C2 (de) * 1992-02-19 1995-07-06 Tridelta Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtverbundkörpers
DE4326518A1 (de) * 1993-08-06 1995-02-09 Linde Ag Verfahren zur spanenden Bearbeitung von kunststofflichen Werkstücken
DE69510025T2 (de) * 1994-12-15 1999-12-09 Hughes Aircraft Co CO2-Sprühdüse mit Mehrfachöffnung
DE19611735A1 (de) * 1996-03-25 1997-10-02 Air Liquide Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Bearbeitung eines Substrats
FR2762667B1 (fr) * 1997-04-28 1999-05-28 Air Liquide Dispositif et procede de traitement thermique
DE19947823A1 (de) 1999-10-05 2001-04-12 Linde Gas Ag Expansionskühldüse
FR2808808A1 (fr) * 2000-05-10 2001-11-16 Air Liquide Projection de titane sur prothese medicale avec refroidissement par co2 ou argon
ES2441596T3 (es) * 2006-08-14 2014-02-05 Nakayama Amorphous Co., Ltd. Procedimiento y aparato para la formación de una película de recubrimiento amorfa
DE102007012084A1 (de) 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Linde Ag Verfahren zum thermischen Trennen und Fügen
DE102008006495A1 (de) 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Behr-Hella Thermocontrol Gmbh Schaltungsträger, insbesondere Leiterkarte für elektrische Schaltungen
DE102008009106B4 (de) 2008-02-14 2010-04-08 Behr-Hella Thermocontrol Gmbh Leiterkarte für elektrische Schaltungen
US8931429B2 (en) 2008-05-05 2015-01-13 United Technologies Corporation Impingement part cooling
DE102013107400B4 (de) * 2013-07-12 2017-08-10 Ks Huayu Alutech Gmbh Verfahren zur Entfernung des Oversprays eines thermischen Spritzbrenners
US20160325469A1 (en) 2015-05-04 2016-11-10 Matthew Hershkowitz Methods for improved spray cooling of plastics

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2603299A (en) * 1952-07-15 Electrostatic charge protected
US2545951A (en) * 1946-04-24 1951-03-20 Specialties Dev Corp Discharging fire-extinguishing media
US3254506A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-06-07 Johnson Co Gordon Carbon dioxide freezing apparatus and method
DE3844290C1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1989-12-21 Uranit Gmbh, 5170 Juelich, De

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008043869A (ja) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-28 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd 過冷却液相金属皮膜の形成用溶射装置
JP2008174784A (ja) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-31 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd 溶射によるアモルファス皮膜の形成方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ350392A3 (en) 1993-08-11
CZ282673B6 (cs) 1997-08-13
DE59202611D1 (de) 1995-07-27
ATE124095T1 (de) 1995-07-15
SK350392A3 (en) 1996-06-05
SK282340B6 (sk) 2002-01-07
EP0546359A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
DE4141020A1 (de) 1993-06-17

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