EP0537617B1 - Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un module adapté sur un module moteur - Google Patents

Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un module adapté sur un module moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537617B1
EP0537617B1 EP92117148A EP92117148A EP0537617B1 EP 0537617 B1 EP0537617 B1 EP 0537617B1 EP 92117148 A EP92117148 A EP 92117148A EP 92117148 A EP92117148 A EP 92117148A EP 0537617 B1 EP0537617 B1 EP 0537617B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chronograph
wheel
hand
power take
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117148A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0537617A1 (fr
Inventor
Cyril Vuilleumier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Original Assignee
Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG, Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches filed Critical Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Publication of EP0537617A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537617A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537617B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537617B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04FTIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0866Special arrangements
    • G04F7/0885Modular constructions involving interchangeability with one or more chronograph modules on a single base movement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04FTIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0804Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with reset mechanisms
    • G04F7/0814Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with reset mechanisms with double hammer, i.e. one hammer acts on two counters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04FTIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0842Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with start-stop control mechanisms
    • G04F7/0847Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with start-stop control mechanisms with column wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chronograph module intended to be mounted on a watch movement or conventional motor module.
  • the invention also relates to a chronograph watch fitted with such a chronograph module.
  • Patent CH 647,125 describes a chronograph watch built on this principle.
  • the chronograph module is driven from two concentric power take-offs from the engine module.
  • the display of the current time (hour hand and minute hand) is controlled by a first PTO formed by the floor of the engine module, while the display of the elapsed time (central second hand, minute counters and d 'hours) is controlled by a second PTO formed by the seconds axis in the center of the engine module.
  • the train of the chronograph is built according to a system known as "in series", where only one power take-off (the second) makes it possible to realize all the functions of the chronograph.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece comprising in combination a chronograph module and an engine module assembled, the engine module comprising a small wheel, a first power take-off constituted by a toothed wheel secured to the road and, a second PTO constituted by a pinion fixed on the center seconds axis, the chronograph module comprising a chronograph hand, a minute counter and an hour counter.
  • this timepiece comprises a third PTO constituted by a wheel fixed on the small average, these three PTOs being accessible from the same side by the upper face of the engine module and the chronograph being placed against said upper face of the engine module, and in that the chronograph hand, the minute counter and the hour counter are driven respectively and independently by said second, third and first power take-offs.
  • the various workings of the chronograph are driven in parallel, which makes it possible to improve the precision of the time display on the counters, to reduce the losses in amplitude of the balance wheel and to limit the settings.
  • the timepiece comprises a first clutch lever for the chronograph hub, a second clutch lever for the minute counter and a third clutch lever for the d counter. 'hours, these three levers being controlled by a single piece forming the clutch control.
  • the timepiece according to the invention constitutes, according to an exemplary embodiment, a chronograph watch.
  • This conventionally comprises a winding crown 1, a first 2H push button controlling the start and stop of the chronograph and placed approximately at 2 o'clock and a second 4H push button controlling the reset of the chronograph and arranged substantially at 4 o'clock.
  • This watch allows the current time to be displayed, using an hour hand 3, a minute hand 5 and a small second hand 7 positioned at 3 o'clock. It also makes it possible to display an elapsed time, using a twelve-hour counter 9, placed at 6 o'clock and provided with a hand 11, a thirty-minute counter 13, placed at 9 o'clock and provided a hand 15, and a central chronograph second hand 17.
  • the twelve-hour counter 9 and the thirty-minute counter 13 will be referred to below as the counter of hours 9 and minute counter 13.
  • the graduations of these different counters are carried on a dial 19. It will be noted that the hour counter 9 has, between each of the 12 hour graduations, intermediate graduations making it possible to display half an hour.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the association of the two modules constituting the chronograph watch. Certain parts of the watch have been enlarged to clarify this figure 2 and their dimensions do not correspond to reality.
  • This watch includes a motor module MM and a chronograph module MC assembled inside a watch case 21.
  • this watch case 21 includes a middle part 23 on which a crystal 25 and a back 27 are fixed. Between the middle part 23 and the bottom 27 is placed a seal 29.
  • the motor module is mechanical, and with automatic winding. It therefore comprises an oscillating mass 31.
  • a quartz motor module is used to control the motor module.
  • the chronograph module MC has in its lower part two feet 33 (only one is shown in FIG. 2).
  • Each foot 33 substantially cylindrical, is designed to be engaged in an orifice 35 provided in the upper part of the motor module MM. These two feet 33 are used to angularly position the two modules relative to each other. It will be noted that each foot comprises a prepositioning stud with a diameter smaller than the main diameter of the foot to facilitate the penetration of the teeth during the positioning of the chronograph module MC on the motor module MM.
  • the motor module MM and the chronograph module MC are each provided at their periphery with three holes 36, respectively 37 (a single pair of holes is shown in Figure 2), the holes 37 being partially tapped. Three screws 39 are engaged in these holes 36, 37 to allow the assembly of the two modules.
  • the middle part 23 has an annular groove 41 on its internal face.
  • the chronograph module MC has at its periphery two additional tapped holes 43 (only one is shown in FIG. 2). Opposite each of these holes 43, a casing flange 45 is fixed to the underside of the chronograph module MC, by means of a screw 47 screwed into the hole 43. After assembly, this casing flange 45 protrudes of the diameter of the chronograph module MC and is engaged inside the annular groove 41.
  • the MM motor module is slightly modified compared to a conventional watch movement in that it comprises, instead of the needles, a toothed wheel 49 integral with the pavement of this module and constituting a first power take-off, a pinion 51 fixed on the axis 53 of the seconds in the center and constituting a second PTO coaxial with the first and a toothed wheel 55 fixed on the small medium 57 and constituting a third PTO.
  • FIGs 3, 4 and 5 illustrate top views of the chronograph module MC in which the wheels are simply shown diagrammatically by dotted lines and the dial and the hands have been omitted.
  • the chronograph module MC conventionally comprises, in its center, a chronograph wheel 59 provided with a heart 61. It further comprises on its periphery, respectively at 6 o'clock and at 9 o'clock, a wheel 63 of the hour counter provided with a heart 65 and a wheel 67 of the minute counter provided with a heart 69.
  • the hearts 61 and 69 are arranged respectively above the chronograph wheel 59 and the wheel 67 of the minute counter. On the contrary, the core 65 is arranged below the wheel 63 of the hour meter ( Figure 11).
  • the small second hand 7 is driven out on the axis 73.
  • the small seconds wheel 71 is driven from the center seconds axis 53 by the pinion 51 constituting the second power take-off and by an intermediate seconds wheel 83 freely rotating around an axis 85 mounted on bearings 87 and 89 which are driven in their turn respectively in the chronograph bridge 79 and in the chronograph board 81.
  • the second PTO 51 is placed directly below the chronograph wheel 59. Assuming that the engine module is mechanical with balance wheel, the wheels 51 and 71 rotate at the rate of one step by oscillation of this balance wheel. In the case of a quartz motor module, they rotate for example at the rate of one step per second.
  • the wheels 51, 59, 63, 67, 71, 83 and the hearts 61, 65, 69 previously described are conventional and a skilled person in the art of watchmaking will be able to produce and assemble them without the need to describe them further here.
  • a chronograph hub 91 (FIG. 6) which has an annular groove 93 forming an engagement groove for a disengaging lever 95 which will be described later.
  • This hub 91 has at mid-height an annular shoulder 97 against which is pressed a clutch wheel 99 surmounting a clutch ring 101.
  • the hub 91 is capable of sliding along the axis 85 in order to take two positions.
  • the clutch ring 101 comes into contact with the intermediate seconds wheel 83 which drives it in friction rotation and this ring 101 transmits this rotational movement to the wheel clutch 99 which meshes with the chronograph wheel 59. Consequently, in the engaged position, the chronograph wheel 59 rotates at the same speed as the wheel 51 constituting the second PTO.
  • the chronograph wheel 59 is driven on an axis 103 which carries the central chronograph second hand 17. The latter is therefore driven at the rate of the axis 53 which constitutes the output of the motor module MM.
  • the clutch ring 101 is permanently urged against the intermediate seconds wheel 83, thanks to the action of an elastic washer 105 fixed on a plate 107 driven out on the axis 85.
  • This elastic washer 105 exerts pressure on the top of the hub 91 in the direction of the clutch, against the action exerted, if necessary, by the lever 95.
  • declutching lever 95 The vertical movement of the free end of this declutching lever 95 is ensured by a declutching control 121 which will be described later and which acts on the inclined plane 111.
  • the axis 123 of the small mean 57 of the motor module MM is extended in the direction of the chronograph module MC.
  • the intermediate gear 55 of the minute counter is driven on this axis 123 and constitutes the third PTO previously described.
  • This toothed wheel 55 meshes with the wheel 67 of the minute counter.
  • the latter is freely mounted on an axis 125 of the minute counter carrying the hand 15.
  • This axis 125 is mounted in two bearings 127, 129 provided respectively in the chronograph bridge 79 and in the chronograph board 81.
  • the wheel 67 of the minute counter is surmounted by a hub 131 driven out of a barrel of the heart 69 of the counter of minutes mounted sliding on the axis 125.
  • the core 69 In its upper part, the core 69 also has a bearing surface 133 around which a disc 135 is engaged.
  • the hub 131 has an annular groove 137 forming an engagement groove for a disengaging lever 139 which will be described later.
  • the core 69, the hub 131 and the disc 135 are capable of sliding along the axis 125, under the action of the declutching lever 139 in order to assume two positions.
  • the minute counter wheel 67 is tightened and locked by friction between a plate 141 provided on the axis 125 and the hub 131 and it transmits its rotational movement to the axis 125 which drives the hand 15 of the minute counter.
  • the hub 131 In the disengaged position (high position, shown in FIG. 9), the hub 131 is slightly displaced upwards, but the minute counter wheel 67 continues to be engaged with the intermediate minute counter wheel 55 without transmitting its movement at the axis 125 and therefore at the needle 15. In fact, in this case the wheel 67 rotates freely around the axis 125.
  • the hub 131 is urged elastically downward to be in contact with the minute counter wheel 67, by virtue of an elastic washer 143 clamped between a plate 145 driven out on the axis 125 and the disc 135, so that normally the hub 131 and the wheel 67 are engaged.
  • the hub 131 is actuated by the clutch lever 139 of the minute counter which best appears in FIGS. 3 to 5 and 14.
  • This lever 139 has an elongated shape and has at its ends two legs 147 and 149 which are provided with orifices intended to receive two studs 151 and 153 riveted in the chronograph board 81.
  • the clutch release lever 139 is therefore positioned by these two studs 151 and 153 and is clamped between the bridge of chronograph 79 and plate 81 (see figures 8 and 9). It also has at its other end a pallet 155 and in its middle part a fork 157 side. As can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, this fork 157 penetrates into the engagement groove 137 and makes it possible to lift the hub 131.
  • the pallet 155 is moved vertically by the clutch control 121, as will be described later.
  • the minute hand 5 (FIG. 10) is fixed on a road 159 of the chronograph module MC pivotally mounted on a fixed barrel 161 carried by the bridge 79.
  • This road 159 has in its lower part a pinion 163 which meshes with a wheel 165.
  • the latter is integral with an axis 167 pivoted in a socket 169 fixed in the chronograph board 81.
  • This axis 167 carries at its lower end an intermediate road wheel 173 which meshes with the wheel 49 constituting the first grip by force.
  • This wheel 49 is integral with the carriageway 175 of the motor module MM.
  • the carriageway 175 of the motor module MM is engaged with the small medium wheel 57, as appears in FIG. 9, by means of a board 176.
  • the hour hand 3 is fixed to the barrel 177 of the hour wheel 179 concentric with the pavement 159 of the chronograph module.
  • the hour wheel 179 meshes with a pinion 181 secured to the timer wheel 165.
  • the wheel 63 of the hour counter is driven from the hour wheel 179 by a return wheel 183 freely rotating around an axis 185 driven into the chronograph board 81.
  • the hour meter wheel 63 rotates freely around an hour meter axis 187 pivotally mounted in bearings 189, 191. These bearings 189, 191 are driven respectively into the chronograph bridge 79 and into the chronograph board 81.
  • the resetting core 65 of the hour counter is slidably mounted on the axis 185 and has on its upper face a barrel 193 (see FIGS. 16 and 17) around which a hub 195 is engaged.
  • the core 65 still has , on its underside, a bearing 197 around which is engaged a notched disc 199
  • the wheel 63 of the hour counter is placed above the hub 195 and is retained by a plate 201 formed on the axis 187.
  • the hub 195 has an annular groove 203 in which is engaged a clutch lever 205 which will be described later ( Figures 11 and 12).
  • the core 65, the hub 195 and the disc 199 are slidably mounted on the axis 187, under the action of the clutch release lever 205 in order to assume two positions.
  • the hour meter wheel 63 In the engaged position (high position shown in FIGS. 11 and 17), the hour meter wheel 63 is locked by friction between the plate 201 and the hub 195 to transmit its rotational movement to the axis 187 which drives hand 11 of the hour counter.
  • the hub 195 In the disengaged position (low position shown in FIG. 12), the hub 195 is moved slightly downwards, but the hour counter wheel 63 continues to mesh with the idler wheel 183, without however transmitting its movement of rotation to the axis 187 since it then rotates freely around it.
  • the assembly is normally engaged under the action of an elastic plate 207 retained on the axis 185 by a notched stop washer 208.
  • the elastic plate 207 comprises two drive pins 209 folded up and engaging in the notches 210 of the disc 199. It also includes two lugs 211 folded down and engaged in the notches 212 of the locking washer 208.
  • the core 65 is integral in rotation with the shaft 187, while being able to slide axially with respect to it when the lever declutching 205 moves the hub 195 downwards against the elastic action of the plate 208.
  • the elastic plate 207 performs a triple function, namely a first function ensuring the mobility of the means 195 and enabling the function clutch, a second function ensuring the solidarity in rotation of the two parts 195 and 201 used to tighten the wheel 63, and a third function ensuring the solidarity in rotation of the reset core 65 with the axis 187 carrying an indicator analog.
  • the declutching lever 205 appears clearly in FIGS. 3 and 15. It has an L-shape and is fixed to the chronograph board 81 by its small branch using two screws 213. In its middle part is provided a fork lateral 215 which penetrates into the engagement groove 203 and makes it possible to vertically move the hub 195. At its free end 217, this clutch lever 205 has an inclined plane 219 directed downwards which cooperates with the clutch control 121 like this will be described later.
  • the chronograph wheel 59, the minute counter 13 and the hour counter 9 are brought to zero by means of their respective hearts 61, 69, 65 on which a chronograph hammer 221 acts.
  • FIG. 14 shows that this chronograph hammer 221 comprises two parts assembled together.
  • the first part 223 has two control branches 225, 227 arranged in a V.
  • the first branch 225 has at one of its lateral edges a notch 229 and ends in an incline 231 intended to cooperate with the heart 65 of the counter. hours.
  • the second branch 227 carries to its free end the second part 233 of the chronograph hammer forming a hammer breakdown.
  • the first part 223 is articulated around a pivot 235 and further has in its central part a beak 237 oriented downwards.
  • the hammer tip 233 is disposed below the first part 223 and fixed to the latter by a rivet 239 which gives it a certain freedom of rotation relative to the first part 223.
  • the hammer tip 233 has a first inclined 241 intended to cooperate with the heart 61 of the chronograph wheel and a second inclined 242 intended to cooperate with the heart 69 of the minute counter.
  • the hammer tip 233 comprises an opening 243, while the first part 223 comprises a spout 245 directed vertically downwards, this spout 245 being introduced into the opening 243, when the two parts 223, 233 are assembled ( see figure 15).
  • the spout 245 has a width less than that of the opening 243 so as to provide a slight lateral clearance between the parts 223 and 233, which allows them a small angular clearance relative to each other around the rivet 239 in order to catch up with the game when resetting.
  • the chronograph hammer 221 can take two positions. In the first position illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 14, the hammer 221 is in a rest position. It is held in this position by a hammer spring 247 fixed on the board 81 by two screws 249, 251 and having a substantially V-shaped, that is to say two elastic branches 253, 255.
  • the branch 253 of this hammer spring cooperates with the spout 237 and is provided at its end with a retaining head 257.
  • the branch 255 passes over the chronograph hammer 221 and prevents it from being lifted.
  • the chronograph hammer 221 In the second position illustrated in FIG. 5, the chronograph hammer 221 has rotated around the pivot 235 and the inclines 231, 241 and 242 support respectively on the hearts 65, 61 and 69 to bring them back to their original position.
  • the chronograph hammer 221 is moved to this second position by a reset lever 259.
  • the declutching lever 95 of the chronograph hub 91 and the declutching levers 205 and 139 of the hubs 195 and 131 of the hour and minute counters are actuated by the declutching control 121 formed in a single piece, as illustrated in the Figures 3, 4 and 5, the details of which appear best in Figure 15.
  • the declutching control 121 is articulated around a pivot 269 and has roughly the shape of a V.
  • a first branch 271 of this control 121 has a free end oriented at right angles to the interior of the V where it has an inclined plane 273 directed upwards.
  • This inclined plane 273 is designed to cooperate with the end 155 of the minute counter clutch lever 139.
  • the second branch 275 (see FIG. 18) of this clutch control 121 is slightly bent inwards and its free end 277 formed in question mark cooperates with the end 217 of the clutch lever 205 of the hour counter .
  • This second branch 275 has protrusions 279, 281 on either side.
  • the first 279 forms an arm for controlling the disengaging lever 95 of the chronograph hub 91 and the second 281 forms a control spout intended to cooperate with a cam 283 which will be described later.
  • this declutching control 121 has at the tip of the V a spout 285 (FIG. 15) subjected to the action of a spring 287 which appears best in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 and which will be described later.
  • This spring angularly biases the clutch control 121 so that the control spout 281 is in contact with the cam 283.
  • the cam 283 (FIG. 18) is a mobile pivoting about an axis 293 and it is provided with six bearing surfaces 295.
  • a ratchet 297, coaxial and integral with the cam 283 is fixed under the latter.
  • This ratchet 297 comprises twelve triangular teeth 299 and it is subjected to the action of a jumper 301.
  • the cam 283 is rotated by a control member 303 which acts on the ratchet 297. It is itself subjected to the action of an on and off rocker 305. This part 303 is held vertically by the cam 283.
  • the on and off rocker 305 (see also FIG. 15) is articulated around a pivot 307 and has three arms.
  • a first arm 309 has one end folded at a right angle downwards so as to define a pallet 311 on which the push button 2H can act.
  • a second arm 313 is directed towards the center of the chronograph module and passes under the clutch control 121. This second arm 313 has on its upper surface a pin 312 directed upwards. This pin 312 passes through a circular orifice 314 provided in the chronograph board (not visible in FIG. 15). This pin 312 and this orifice 314 make it possible to limit the angular displacement of the on and off rocker 305 against the action of the spring 287.
  • a third arm 315 is provided at its end with a guide head 317 ( Figure 18) cooperating with the part 303 forming rotation control.
  • the on and off rocker 305 is also subjected to the action of spring 287, described later.
  • the spring 287 is visible in Figure 13. It has two elastic tapered arms 327 and 329.
  • the arm 327 acts on the spout 285 of the declutching control 121, while the arm 329 acts on the first arm 309 of the rocker on and off 305.
  • the hub 91 on which the disengaging lever 95 acts is subjected to the action of the elastic washer 105.
  • the hub 91 is lowered under the action of the elastic washer 105 so that the clutch wheel 99 engages with the intermediate seconds wheel 83.
  • the central second hand 17 begins to rotate.
  • the chronograph is in the operating position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the elements of the chronograph will move to come again into the position represented in FIG. on and off rocker 305 had returned to its initial position (position shown in solid lines) after the first pressing of the push button 2H, thanks to the branch 329 of the spring 287 (see FIG. 13).
  • the chronograph elements pass for a short time from the position of FIG. 4 to that of FIG. 5, then return to the position of FIG. 4.
  • the reset is carried out by a pressure exerted on the push button 4H which acts on the reset lever 259.
  • the latter moves angularly around the pivot 261 and its free end forming the control head 267 acts on the notch 229 of the chronograph hammer 221.
  • This notch 229 requires the crossing of a hard point which is perceived by the user.
  • the chronograph hammer 221 then rotates around the pivot 235. At the end of the stroke, the hammer 235, or more precisely the inclines 241, 242 and 231 fall respectively on the hearts 61, 69 and 65 (see FIG. 14) which return in their original position.
  • the central second hand 17, the minute counter hand 15 and the hour counter hand 11 are thus brought back to zero.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
EP92117148A 1991-10-14 1992-10-08 Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un module adapté sur un module moteur Expired - Lifetime EP0537617B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3010/91A CH682034B5 (fr) 1991-10-14 1991-10-14 Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un module de chronographe adapté sur un module moteur.
CH3010/91 1991-10-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537617A1 EP0537617A1 (fr) 1993-04-21
EP0537617B1 true EP0537617B1 (fr) 1995-08-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92117148A Expired - Lifetime EP0537617B1 (fr) 1991-10-14 1992-10-08 Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un module adapté sur un module moteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5220541A (ja)
EP (1) EP0537617B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3336041B2 (ja)
CH (1) CH682034B5 (ja)
DE (1) DE69203818T2 (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0537617A1 (fr) 1993-04-21
CH682034GA3 (ja) 1993-07-15
CH682034B5 (fr) 1994-01-14
DE69203818D1 (de) 1995-09-07
DE69203818T2 (de) 1996-04-04
US5220541A (en) 1993-06-15
JP3336041B2 (ja) 2002-10-21
JPH05215868A (ja) 1993-08-27

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