EP0518218A1 - Coupleur-polarisateur à micro-ondes - Google Patents

Coupleur-polarisateur à micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518218A1
EP0518218A1 EP92109474A EP92109474A EP0518218A1 EP 0518218 A1 EP0518218 A1 EP 0518218A1 EP 92109474 A EP92109474 A EP 92109474A EP 92109474 A EP92109474 A EP 92109474A EP 0518218 A1 EP0518218 A1 EP 0518218A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
coupler
coaxial
polarization
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP92109474A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard Dr.-Ing. Schuegraf
Helmuth Dipl.-Ing. Thiere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0518218A1 publication Critical patent/EP0518218A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupler polarizer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the so-called coupler polarizer is suitable for generating and / or receiving circularly polarized microwaves.
  • Such a coupler polarizer is shown in a block diagram in FIG. 1. It then consists of a phase-symmetrical polarization switch 1, which separates two orthogonally linearly polarized waves applied to an access A square or circular cross-section and which supplies two orthogonal polarization accesses Z1 and Z2 of rectangular cross-section, and one with the two orthogonal polarization accesses Z1 and Z2 of the polarization switch 1 via two Lines 3 and 4 of the same length connected 3 dB coupler 2.
  • Coupler polarizers have so far been implemented in two, relatively far apart, narrow frequency bands with a two-band 3 dB coupler optimized in waveguide technology only in these bands or with two waveguide 3 dB couplers, each optimized only in one of the narrow bands.
  • E. Schuegraf "A New Wideband Circular Polarizer", International U.R.S.I. Symposium 1980, pages 232 A / 1 to A / 4.
  • the object of the invention is to implement a coupler polarizer for a very broad frequency band without splitting into subbands.
  • waveguide couplers are due to their considerable frequency response, which cannot be compensated for without distortion of their 90 o partial wave phase Coupling attenuation is not suitable because this frequency response is the deviation from pure circular polarization (axis relationships AR 0 dB) significantly determines.
  • a particularly advantageous component of the coupler polarizer according to the invention is the phase-symmetrical polarization filter specified in the claims 3 to 7.
  • a certain coaxial line coupler that is equal in terms of bandwidth can be connected particularly cheaply, the coupling attenuation frequency response of which is minimized over the wideband without disturbing the 90 o phase of its partial waves, which is necessary for pure circular polarization.
  • phase-symmetrical double connection via two lines 3 and 4, which contain two mutually identical waveguide-coaxial line transitions 5.
  • a transition 5 is shown in FIG. 2 in a cut-away side view.
  • the transition 5 consists of a stepped metallic web 8, which is fitted on the inside in the rectangular waveguide 6 on a broad side, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide and has a width a 'of approximately 1/5 of the broad waveguide dimension a.
  • the waveguide narrow side dimension is b o .
  • the inner conductor 9 of a coaxial line 7 branches off, the outer conductor 10 of which merges into the waveguide 6 in steps.
  • the axis of the coaxial line 7 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular waveguide 6. If these two axes are merged, the spatial symmetry is retained.
  • Switch S1 to S4 are used with the Structure of the location of their accesses 0, 1, 2 according to FIG. 3 is provided.
  • Access 0 as a so-called changer access can be connected to alternative access 1 or 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a switchable coupler polarizer according to the invention connected to a grooved horn 20.
  • a switching system consisting of four coaxial switches S1 to S4 is provided.
  • the changer accesses K10 and K30 of two first coaxial changeover switches S1 and S3 are each connected to the end of the coaxial line of one of the two waveguide-coaxial line junctions 5, taking into account the same line lengths.
  • the orthogonal polarization accesses Z1 and Z2 belonging to the phase-symmetrical polarization switch, which are each connected to the waveguide end of a transition 5, are provided for vertical or for horizontal linear polarization.
  • the alternative access K11 of the coaxial changeover switch S1 and the alternative access K31 of the coaxial changeover switch S3 are connected via two coaxial line pieces 12 and 13, taking into account the same line lengths, to the input 11 and to the input 31 of the 3 dB coupler 2, which is designed in coaxial line technology.
  • the other two alternative accesses K12 and K32 of these two coaxial changeover switches S1 and S3 are each connected to an alternative access K22 and K42 of the two other coaxial changeover switches S2 and S4 via two coaxial line pieces 16 and 17, respectively.
  • the two other alternative accesses K21 and K41 of the two coaxial changeover switches S2 and S4 are each connected to an input 21 and 41 of the 3 dB coupler 2 via two coaxial line pieces 14 and 15, respectively.
  • the signals for right-handed and left-handed circular polarization or for horizontal and vertical polarization - depending on the position of the four coaxial switches S1 to S4 - are present at the two changer accesses K20 and K40 of the two coaxial switches S2 and S4.
  • the switches S1 and S3 are suitably inclined to adapt them to the spacing of the coaxial accesses 11 and 31 of the 3 dB coupler 2 without any additional wiring.
  • the 3 dB coupler 2 which is actually arranged perpendicular to the plane of the drawing with the axes of its coaxial accesses 11, 31, 21, 41, is folded into the plane of the drawing.
  • the circular polarizations clockwise rd and counterclockwise ld are available at the coupler accesses 41 and 21 and the linear polarizations horizontally and vertically at the accesses K32 and K12 of the two switches S1 and S3.
  • the exactly symmetrical structure of the paths of the signal components in the coupler polarizer according to the invention over the entire frequency range of e.g. 4.3 to 8.5 GHz achieved a polarization decoupling of at least 25 dB.
  • the 3 dB coupler 2 is followed by the two further switches S2 and S4.
  • the preamplifiers V1 and V2 are connected to their changer accesses K20 and K40 via coaxial line pieces 18, 19, the coupler accesses 21 and 41 for left-hand polarization ld and right-hand polarization rd to the accesses K21 and K41, and to the accesses K22 and K42 the switches S2 and S4 the linear polarizations taken over from the accesses K12 and K32 of the switches S1 and S3.
  • the four switches S1 to S4 of the coaxial switching network for polarization selection can be operated remotely.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show two mutually perpendicular cross-sectional side views through a phase-symmetrical polarization switch used advantageously in the coupler polarizer according to the invention, FIG. 5 a section through the switch arm pair which is not designed with mirror image symmetry and FIG. 6 a section through the mirror-symmetrically designed switch arm pair of the switch shows.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of such a polarization switch, which is otherwise already known per se from European patent application 0 419 892.
  • the polarization switch shown has a symmetrically constructed five-armed double branch D, which contains an arm lying in the double branch longitudinal axis direction L for connecting a further waveguide with a round or square cross section and four identically designed partial arm connections with a rectangular cross section, which are each rotated by 90 o relative to the axis L. are and run at the same angle relative to the double branching longitudinal axis L in the opposite direction to the connecting arm of the further waveguide.
  • two opposing partial arm connections of the double branch D are of total crossover arm sections A1, A2 (FIG. 5) and A3, A4 (FIG.
  • the pair of total crossover arm sections A1 and A2 shown in FIG. 5, which does not have a mirror image symmetry with respect to the double branching longitudinal axis L, has, starting from the double branching D, a short waveguide section B1 or B2 running parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L in each crossover section A1 or A2.
  • the two short waveguide sections B1 and B2 are followed by a longer waveguide section H1 and H2 each via an E-bend E1 and E2 with an angle + ⁇ .
  • the longer waveguide pieces H1 and H2 in the two switch arm sections A1 and A2 are followed by a short, parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L, via an E-bend E3 and E4 each with an angle ⁇ relative to the direction of the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • a longer waveguide section H3 or H4 is connected to the short waveguide sections B3 and B4 via a further E-bend E5 or E6, each with an angle + ⁇ .
  • the switch arm sections A1 and A2 then continue via bends E7 and E8 with an angle ⁇ in short waveguide sections B5 and B6 running parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • the short waveguide sections B9 and B10 run parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • a longer waveguide section H7 follows in the switch arm section A3 via an E-bend E15 with an angle + ⁇ and in the switch arm section A4 via an E-bend E16 with an angle - ⁇ also a longer one Waveguide section H8.
  • All longer waveguide sections H1 to H8 have the same length in the switch arm sections A1 to A4 of the two pairs of forks.
  • the short waveguide pieces B1, B2, B7 and B8 with the length L S '', the short waveguide pieces B3, B4, B9 and B10 with the length L S and the short waveguide pieces B5, B6, B11 and B12 are also of equal length with the length L S '.
  • All short waveguide pieces B1 to B12 of the four switch arm sections A1 to A4 are dimensioned at least so long that there is sufficient E11 interference field attenuation at the highest operating frequency.
  • the series branches SV1 and SV2 are designed with the correct wave resistance, the partial arms T1 to T4 having an aspect ratio between the broad side a and the narrow side b of approximately 4: 1.
  • the orthogonal polarization input Z1 and Z2 of the two series branches SV1 and SV2 has an aspect ratio between the broad side a and the narrow side b o of approximately 2: 1.
  • All E-bends E1 to E20 are provided with a symmetrical corner flattening F on the outer broad side bend of the waveguide.
  • the clear width w between the switch arm sections A3 and A4 of the mirror-symmetrically designed switch arm pair in FIG. 6 must be dimensioned somewhat larger than the broad side a of all rectangular waveguides, so that the switch arm section pair shown in FIG. 5 between the switch arm sections A3 and A4 of the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 has space.
  • the width w is also adopted for the switch arm sections A1 and A2 of the arrangement shown in FIG. 5. Since all switch arm components are mutually exactly phase-symmetrical, this also applies to the complete switch arm pairs under the conditions mentioned above.
  • the double branch D branches the circular waveguide spatially completely symmetrically into four rectangular waveguides, which are rotated by 90 o with respect to each other around the elongated circular waveguide axis forming the double branch longitudinal axis L. It is of crucial importance here that the double branch D is constructed with exact phase symmetry with respect to both orthogonal linear polarizations, to which a pair of opposing rectangular waveguides is assigned. Since also each a symmetrical waveguide fork feeds these two pairs of rectangular waveguides, both H11 polarizations are electrically completely symmetrical and therefore excited with respect to the higher wave types E01 and H21 without interference waves. This results in the required theoretical uniqueness range of f h / f n ⁇ 2 to cover the operating frequency range.
  • both waveguide forks of the polarization switch according to FIGS. 5 to 7 in addition to the homogeneous intermediate lines, consist only of the same, very broadband, low-reflection E-bends, which are arranged at exactly corresponding line locations of one and the other fork and are exclusively in distinguish the direction of buckling. For this reason, the two waveguide forks are precisely phase-symmetrical to one another over a wide band, and thus also the complete polarization switch according to FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • the polarization switch shown in Figures 5 to 7 can be produced using the proven NC milling technique with the high precision required for phase accuracy. Both forks are divided by one level, which cuts all rectangular waveguides along the center lines of their broad sides - that is, free of cross currents. All waveguide walls are cylindrical with respect to this parting plane and can be produced with a three-dimensionally controlled milling machine with good reproducibility. The construction of massive milled aluminum blocks ensures high mechanical strength and resilience.
  • FIG. 8 shows in a block diagram an antenna feed system in which a coupler polarizer according to the invention with the possibility of switching between linear polarization and circular polarization is used.
  • the broadband antenna feed system has a grooved horn 20, to which the described phase-symmetrical polarization switch 1 with its circular waveguide access is directly connected.
  • the polarization switch 1 supplies at its orthogonal linear polarization accesses Z1, Z2 the reception signals associated with vertical or horizontal linear polarization. These signals are forwarded via lines 3, 4 with waveguide-coaxial line transitions 5 via four remote-controlled coaxial changeover switches S1 to S4 (dotted switching path) to an interface C1.
  • a 3 dB / 90 o coupler 2 which is designed in coaxial line technology, can be interposed for receiving circular polarization.
  • This switching state for circular polarization is currently switched on in Fig. 8 (drawn solid).
  • the signals belonging to right-handed or left-handed polarization are then present at the changer inputs 0 of the coaxial changeover switches S2 and S4. Due to the largely exactly symmetrical structure of the signal paths, a polarization decoupling of at least 25 dB is achieved.
  • Calibration signal devices lie between the interfaces C1 and C in FIG. 8, whereas between the interfaces C and D1 Low-noise preamplifiers V1 and V2 with 30 dB measuring couplers M1 and M2 are arranged.
  • the signals corresponding to the two orthogonal linear polarization accesses Z2 and Z1 of the polarization switch 1 of the vertical and horizontal polarization components arrive via lines 3 and 4 with waveguide-coaxial line transition 5 and the coaxial switches S1, S2 and S3, S4 in the respective switching position 2 in as far as possible Short cable connections to the interface C1 and via the directional coupler R1 or R2 to the interface C.
  • these signals can be processed further in the two-channel receiving system for dynamic polarization measurement.
  • the polarization plane can then be optimally adjusted in connection with the polarization rotation control, so that a simultaneous measurement of co- and cross-polarization is possible.
  • the polarizations "circular-right-turning rd” or “circular-left-turning ld” are formed in the high-frequency plane by recombining the separate polarization components in the 3 dB coupler 2 in switch position 1 of the coaxial switches S1, S2 and S3, S4.
  • the polarization decoupling that can be achieved depends crucially on the amplitude and phase synchronization of this coupler.
  • a polarization decoupling of at least 25 dB is corresponding to a circular polarization-axis ratio of 0.98 dB, reachable.
  • the functioning of the optionally possible polarization measurement depends on the signals involved having a defined phase relationship to one another and that these are maintained under all operating conditions. A The signal paths are therefore calibrated when the frequency band changes, when the frequency within the band changes significantly and at regular intervals. The calibration detects the phase synchronization errors of the input filters, preamplifiers and downconverters not shown in FIG. 8 after the interface D1.
  • the antenna with the grooved horn 20 itself and the feed system up to the feed point EP of the calibration signals are not monitored.
  • These parts of the calibration signal device consisting of a 3 dB power divider 22 and the 20 dB directional couplers R1, R2, R3 are therefore selected so that a continuous wave signal fed in at the entry point EP between the outputs of the 20 dB directional couplers R1 and R2 at the interface C. has only negligibly small differences in amplitude and phase.
  • the coaxial switches S1 to S4 contain an internal 50 ohm terminating resistor W for the signal path that is not switched through. During the calibration process, the coaxial changeover switches S2 and S4 are in switch position 2 and the coaxial changeover switches S1 and S3 in switch position 1.
  • a noise source 23 with a noise power of at least 33 dB is connected to the 20 dB directional coupler R3.
  • a phase shifter P1 or P2 with adjustment possibility is also switched on.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP92109474A 1991-06-11 1992-06-04 Coupleur-polarisateur à micro-ondes Ceased EP0518218A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9107191U 1991-06-11
DE9107191U DE9107191U1 (de) 1991-06-11 1991-06-11 Mikrowellen-Kopplerpolarisator

Publications (1)

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EP0518218A1 true EP0518218A1 (fr) 1992-12-16

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EP92109474A Ceased EP0518218A1 (fr) 1991-06-11 1992-06-04 Coupleur-polarisateur à micro-ondes

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0880193A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-25 Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la réception d'ondes hyperfréquences
US6046655A (en) * 1997-11-10 2000-04-04 Datron/Transco Inc. Antenna feed system
CN1074587C (zh) * 1995-03-25 2001-11-07 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 用于对第一或第二高频信号进行处理的电路装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB803626A (en) * 1955-10-25 1958-10-29 Polytechnic Res And Dev Co Inc Improvements relating to thermistor mounts
US4158183A (en) * 1976-12-22 1979-06-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Compact, in-plane orthogonal mode launcher
EP0285879A1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation à large bande
EP0419892A2 (fr) * 1989-09-28 1991-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB803626A (en) * 1955-10-25 1958-10-29 Polytechnic Res And Dev Co Inc Improvements relating to thermistor mounts
US4158183A (en) * 1976-12-22 1979-06-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Compact, in-plane orthogonal mode launcher
EP0285879A1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation à large bande
EP0419892A2 (fr) * 1989-09-28 1991-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1074587C (zh) * 1995-03-25 2001-11-07 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 用于对第一或第二高频信号进行处理的电路装置
EP0880193A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-25 Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la réception d'ondes hyperfréquences
FR2763749A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-27 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la reception d'ondes hyperfrequences polarisees
US6166699A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-12-26 Alcatel Antenna source for transmitting and receiving microwaves
US6046655A (en) * 1997-11-10 2000-04-04 Datron/Transco Inc. Antenna feed system

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Publication number Publication date
DE9107191U1 (de) 1991-08-08

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