EP0285879B1 - Filtre de polarisation à large bande - Google Patents

Filtre de polarisation à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0285879B1
EP0285879B1 EP88104292A EP88104292A EP0285879B1 EP 0285879 B1 EP0285879 B1 EP 0285879B1 EP 88104292 A EP88104292 A EP 88104292A EP 88104292 A EP88104292 A EP 88104292A EP 0285879 B1 EP0285879 B1 EP 0285879B1
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Prior art keywords
polarisation
waveguide
inner conductor
junction according
junction
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EP88104292A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0285879A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Dr.-Ing. Schuegraf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband polarization switch for separating orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic microwaves with a branching device which divides a waveguide guiding the two orthogonal polarizations into two rectangular waveguide arms which each only carry one of these polarizations and which have the same line impedance.
  • K / a the cross-sectional factor for the respective wave in the rectangular waveguide
  • Z o the field wave resistance of a plane wave in free space
  • ⁇ o the wavelength in free space
  • ⁇ k the respective critical wavelength, which is also called the cut-off wavelength of the wave type under consideration.
  • a broadband adaptation of the wave resistance jump between the lines is - in principle over wide bandwidths of one octave and more - impossible.
  • a polarization switch for separating two orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic waves using a branching device which divides a horn radiator guiding the two orthogonal polarizations into two rectangular waveguide arms which each only carry one of these polarizations.
  • the latter two arms have equally large line wave resistance values.
  • the polarization switch known from GB-A-2 175 145 behaves in a similar manner and just as disadvantageously, in which the transition zone to the wave resistance transformation does not contain an ideal pyramid-shaped core, but rather a core which is often stepped in the manner of a staircase and consists of a series of parallelepipedic elements of square cross-section consists.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a possibility with which the interfering jumps in wave resistance in the case of broadband polarization switches to be used are reduced or completely eliminated.
  • the waveguide carrying the two polarizations has a line impedance whose value corresponds at least approximately to that of the two rectangular waveguide arms, for which two conditions are met, namely on the one hand, the approximation of the cross-sectional factors in the wave resistance equations of the waveguides to be matched to one another and, on the other hand, the approximation of the cut-off frequencies of the wave types to be merged into one another in these waveguides, and that transformation measures requiring only short lengths to adapt remaining reactances in the waveguides are provided.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the line wave resistances of the rectangular crossover waveguide arms with their aspect ratio a ⁇ 2 b are fixed, whereas the line wave resistance of the waveguide carrying the two orthogonal polarizations is not fixed and can therefore be freely selected.
  • This opens up the previously unused possibility of lowering the line wave resistance of the waveguide guiding the two orthogonal polarizations by the specified measures and thus at least approximating the line wave resistances of the rectangular waveguide arms.
  • Ideal adaptation conditions prevail if the line wave resistances of the waveguide carrying the two orthogonal polarizations are broadband matched to those of the rectangular waveguide arms.
  • either a symmetrical arrangement of at least four metal webs 2, 3, 4 and 5 on the inner surface of the wall of the outer conductor is suitable according to the left representation of FIG 1 or / and, as shown in the right-hand illustration of FIG. 1, a concentrically arranged inner conductor 6.
  • the inner conductor 6 is easier to manufacture than the conductive webs 2, 3, 4 and 5 extending in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide.
  • the inner conductor 6 is arranged in the central longitudinal axis of the outer conductor 1 and thus runs concentrically.
  • the inner conductor 1 is preferably fixed in the bifurcation zone of the three polarization switch waveguides with the outer conductor contours, i.e. conductive, connected. This specially created attachment can be used universally and can be used for reflection compensation of both polarizations.
  • the simplest form of an inner conductor 6 is the circular cross-sectional shape shown in the right-hand illustration of FIG. 1.
  • a significant expansion of the uniqueness range for the coaxial waveguide is also achieved, for which quantitative information will follow in the further course of the description.
  • the inner conductor 6 can be, for example, cruciform, and combinations with a round or square outer conductor 1 without or with conductive longitudinal webs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are also possible.
  • the inner conductor 6 causes very little additional loss and brings the following additional advantages.
  • the inner conductor 6, which is extended beyond the polarization switch, is suitable for improving the behavior of a consumer connected to the polarization switch, e.g. to improve the bandwidth of the low reflection of a grooved horn and its cross-polarization properties compared to horn feeding through a pure waveguide - i.e. without an inner conductor.
  • the inner conductor 6 can end in the horn neck, in the groove area or outside the horn aperture in a steady, stepped or abrupt manner. Furthermore, space can be created in a hollow inner conductor 6 for waves of the same or different type with the same or different frequency as those waves already present outside the inner conductor 6.
  • the interior of the inner conductor can in turn be suitably provided with conductive material or with a dielectric.
  • coupling devices for waves can also be arranged, which are coupled from the space outside the inner conductor to its interior and vice versa.
  • the inner conductor 6 predominantly increases the transverse capacitance in the wave resistance equivalent circuit diagram for H waves.
  • the wave resistance of the H11 wave or the H10 wave - as intended - and the associated cutoff wavelengths increase.
  • the coaxial waveguide with a circular inner and outer conductor 3 shows the quantitative relationship between the characteristic impedance of this coaxial waveguide and its diameter ratio d / D k from inner conductor diameter d to outer conductor diameter D k .
  • the measurements are carried out in such a way that, for coaxial waveguides with specific values of the diameter ratios (d / D K ) n , that rectangular waveguide with its aspect ratio (b / a) n is determined, which results in broadband adaptation at the abrupt transition between the respective coaxial waveguide and the rectangular waveguide.
  • the limit frequencies of the H10 wave in the rectangular waveguide and the H11 wave in the coaxial waveguide are made the same.
  • the diameter D o of the imaginary circular waveguide that determines the has the same H11 cutoff frequency as the coaxial waveguide.
  • the reactance remaining at the cross-sectional jump is compensated for by a suitable longitudinal offset of the beginning of the inner conductor relative to the jump point.
  • Such abrupt transitions from the rectangular waveguide to the coaxial waveguide require practically no overall length. They reach bandwidths of poor reflection up to an octave, and over 50% bandwidth their reflection is less than 1%.
  • An important basic component of wave resistance homogeneous polarization switches is thus available.
  • their theoretical uniqueness ranges are then determined in view of the E11 interference wave that occurs first with symmetrical H11 excitation.
  • the E11-following H31 interference wave according to Fig. 6 is also included in the observation.
  • the H31 interference wave is excited despite symmetrical excitation next to the H11 fundamental wave, because according to Fig. 6 e.g. the E field strengths of the H13 wave at diametrically opposite points on the circumference in the coaxial waveguide always have the same direction as the E fields of the H11 wave.
  • the range of uniqueness f kH31 / f kH11 is also expanded.
  • a broadband polarization filter of a two-band antenna system for the directional radio frequency ranges 3.58 to 4.2 GHz and 6.425 to 7.125 GHz is explained below with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the inevitable expansion of the uniqueness range succeeds with the introduction of an inner conductor 8, so that according to FIG. 7, for example from the article by E.
  • the E11 interference field of the double branch 9 is sufficiently attenuated; and - since the inner conductor 8 is extended into the vicinity of the first groove of a connected grooved horn - the E11 useful excitation in the groove region is decoupled from the horn waveguide with the aperiodic E11 damping as desired.
  • the shape of the inner conductor 8 has a very decisive influence on the horn reflection and also on the cross-polarization suppression, even with very small changes.
  • the rotationally symmetrical transformer offers many, easily implemented correction options that always have the same effect for both polarizations.
  • the polarization switch shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 has a very large useful bandwidth. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for the fact that on its rectangular waveguide arms 10 and 11 a crossover for two or more microwave radio frequency ranges different frequency position is connected (directly).
  • the connection between the two rectangular waveguide arms 10 and 11 of the polarization crossover shown in FIG. 7 and the two crossovers can also be established by two long lines, which are designed, for example, as having corresponding transitions, overmoded, bendable rectangular waveguides and by all conceivable measures are suitable to expand their clear transmission frequency range, more than one directional radio range of the same polarization from the location of the crossovers, e.g. at the foot of the antenna tower, low attenuation, reflection and delay distortion to the broadband polarization switch arranged directly on the antenna, i.e. for example on the tower and vice versa.
  • the inner conductor shown in Figure 7 of the already mentioned article by E. Schuegraf in the magazine “NTZ”, volume 38 (1985), number 8, pages 554-560 is not a round inner conductor in the Acting with the invention, with which a wave resistance homogenization is achieved along the two passages of a polarization filter, but rather a ⁇ / 4 transformer.
  • the inner conductor shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b of DE-C2-28 42 576 also represents a narrow-band ⁇ / 4 transformer network with additional reactances, which are specifically designed for good adaptation in two narrow frequency ranges that are relatively far apart (scarce Octave), specially cut and cannot be compared with an inner conductor dimensioned according to the invention.
  • new polarization switches can now be dimensioned, each of which has two rectangular waveguide arms, for example, with the following aspect ratios (calculation table):
  • the coaxial waveguide is determined in each case which has the same H11 cutoff frequency and frequency-independent same waveguide resistances as the rectangular waveguide arms in the case of a round outer and inner conductor.
  • the diameter ratio of the coaxial waveguide which is the same as the wave resistance, follows from the b / a value of the rectangular waveguide arm
  • For the respective d / D K value of the coaxial waveguide follows from Fig.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Aiguillage de polarisation à large bande pour séparer des micro-ondes électromagnétiques polarisées orthogonalement et linéairement à l'aide d'un dispositif de ramification qui subdivise un guide d'ondes (7) véhiculant les deux polarisations orthogonales, en deux bras de guides d'ondes rectangulaires (10, 11) de même impédance caractéristique de guides d'ondes et dont chacun ne véhicule plus qu'une de ces polarisations,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide d'ondes (7) véhiculant les deux polarisations présente une impédance caractéristique dont la valeur correspond au moins approximativement à celle des deux bras de guides d'ondes rectangulaire (10, 11), deux conditions étant à cet effet satisfaites, à savoir, d'une part, l'adaptation entre eux des facteurs de la section transversale dans les équations d'impédance caractéristique des guides d'ondes et, d'autre part, l'adaptation des fréquences limites des types d'ondes à faire passer l'un dans l'autre dans ces guides d'ondes, et que sont prévues de mesures de transformation qui exigent seulement des longueurs de construction courtes, pour adapter les réactances résiduelles dans les guides d'ondes.
  2. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas de l'excitation spatialement symétrique des deux polarisations linéaires de chaque fourches de guides d'ondes rectangulaire (12, 12', 13, 13'), constitué respectivement de deux branches de fourche, les branches de fourche débouchent, en ayant la moitié de la hauteur b des accès extérieurs aux bras des guides d'ondes rectangulaire et une largeur inchangée a, dans le guide d'ondes (7) véhiculant les deux polarisations orthogonales.
  3. Section de polarisation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que, sur la surface interieure de la paroi exterieure (1), circulaire ou carrée, du guide d'ondes véhiculant les deux polarisations, sont disposées symétriquement et dans le sens longitudinal du guide d'ondes, au moins quatre bandes métalliques (2, 3, 4, 5).
  4. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu, à l'intérieur du guide extérieur (1) du guide d'ondes à section transversale circulaire ou carrée, un guide interieur (6) placé concentriquement, c'est-à-dire le long de l'axe longitudinal médian, ledit guide interne ayant, en section transversale, des dimensions telles et éventuellement en paliers, que les conditions prescrites sont satisfaites pour l'approximation homogène de l'impédance caractéristique ou pour l'homogénéisation de l'impédance caractéristique.
  5. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 4,
    caractérisée par le fait que les accès aux deux branches (10, 11) du guide d'ondes rectangulaire, sont réalisées à une hauteur notablement réduite par rapport à la hauteur normale b = a/2
    Figure imgb0010
     , et que l'impédance caractéristique du guide d'ondes (7) véhiculant les deux polarisations orthogonales, est adaptée à l'impédance caractéristique de ces accès aux bras de guides d'ondes rectangulaire de hauteur réduite par une charge capacitive plus prononcée, au moyen d'un guide intérieur (8) plus épais dans le guide d'ondes véhiculant les deux polarisations orthogonales et/ou ayant des barrettes longitudinales métalliques internes au niveau de sa paroi externe.
  6. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 4 ou 5,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (8) est fixé dans la zone de ramification des trois guides d'ondes formant aiguillage de polarisation, par exemple dans le cas d'une double ramification (9), et y est relié de manière fixe, c'est-à-dire conductrice, aux contours des guides d'ondes.
  7. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (8) possède une section transversale circulaire.
  8. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (6) possède une section transversale cruciforme.
  9. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (6) possède une section transversale carrée.
  10. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (6) possède une section transversale circulaire à bandes longitudinales disposées symétriquement.
  11. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 10,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur (8) est prolongé dans le guide exterieur (7) de section transversale circulaire ou carrée, au-delà de la zone de l'aiguillage de polarisation proprement dit, en direction de l'unité consommatrice qui y est branchée.
  12. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 11,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide interieur se termine de façon continue, en paliers ou par sauts, dans l'unité consommatrice, par exemple un radiateur à cornet, notamment un radiateur à cornet rainuré, dans la gorge du radiateur à cornet, dans la zone rainurée ou à l'extérieur de l'ouverture du radiateur à cornet.
  13. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 12,
    caractérisé par le fait que le guide intérieur est réalisé avec une forme creuse qui est telle que peuvent être guidées des ondes d'un même type ou de types différents, à mêmes fréquences ou à fréquences différentes, que des ondes déjà présentes à l'extérieur du guide intérieur.
  14. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'espace intérieur creux du guide interieur est muni, pour ce qui le concerne et d'une manière convenable, d'un matériau conducteur et/ou diélectrique.
  15. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant la revendication 12 ou 14,
    caractérisé par le fait que dans l'espace intérieur creux du guide interieur et/ou près de sa surface, sont disposés des dispositifs de couplage pour des ondes, qui sont extraits de l'espace extérieur au guide interieur et y sont introduits, ou inversement.
  16. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait qu'un aiguillage de fréquence est directement reliée à chacun des deux bras (10, 11) de guides d'ondes rectangulaire à polarisation sélective.
  17. Aiguillage de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 15,
    caractérisée par le fait que, aux deux bras (10, 11) de guides d'ondes rectangulaires à polarisation sélective, est respectivement relié un aiguillage de fréquence, par l'intermédiaire d'un guide longitudinal qui est réalisé comme guide rectangulaire creux surdimensionné ou en mode contraint, muni de transitions correspondantes.
EP88104292A 1987-03-24 1988-03-17 Filtre de polarisation à large bande Expired - Lifetime EP0285879B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88104292T ATE90813T1 (de) 1987-03-24 1988-03-17 Breitband-polarisationsweiche.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3709558 1987-03-24
DE3709558 1987-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0285879A1 EP0285879A1 (fr) 1988-10-12
EP0285879B1 true EP0285879B1 (fr) 1993-06-16

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EP88104292A Expired - Lifetime EP0285879B1 (fr) 1987-03-24 1988-03-17 Filtre de polarisation à large bande

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EP (1) EP0285879B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE90813T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU614279B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3881741D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0284911B1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1992-06-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation à large bande
US5109232A (en) * 1990-02-20 1992-04-28 Andrew Corporation Dual frequency antenna feed with apertured channel
DE9107191U1 (de) * 1991-06-11 1991-08-08 Siemens AG, 8000 München Mikrowellen-Kopplerpolarisator
FR2907601B1 (fr) 2006-10-24 2009-11-20 Satimo Sa Coupleur a bande de fonctionnement ultra large de jonction a mode orthogonal

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150333A (en) * 1960-02-01 1964-09-22 Airtron Division Of Litton Pre Coupling orthogonal polarizations in a common square waveguide with modes in individual waveguides
DE2521956C3 (de) * 1975-05-16 1978-07-13 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Polarisationsweiche
FR2582449B1 (fr) * 1979-07-24 1988-08-26 Thomson Csf Dispositif diplexeur de polarisations a large bande et antenne associee a un radar ou a un dispositif de contre-mesure comportant un tel dispositif
DE3675235D1 (de) * 1985-03-27 1990-12-06 Siemens Ag Polaristationsweiche fuer einrichtungen der hoechstfreqenztechnik.
EP0284911B1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1992-06-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Filtre de polarisation à large bande

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1339988A (en) 1988-09-22
ATE90813T1 (de) 1993-07-15
AU614279B2 (en) 1991-08-29
EP0285879A1 (fr) 1988-10-12
DE3881741D1 (de) 1993-07-22

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