EP0122391B1 - Antenne à large bande à micro-ondes - Google Patents

Antenne à large bande à micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0122391B1
EP0122391B1 EP84101496A EP84101496A EP0122391B1 EP 0122391 B1 EP0122391 B1 EP 0122391B1 EP 84101496 A EP84101496 A EP 84101496A EP 84101496 A EP84101496 A EP 84101496A EP 0122391 B1 EP0122391 B1 EP 0122391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
microwave radiator
coaxial
cylinders
metal plate
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EP84101496A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0122391A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Dr.-Ing. Schuegraf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT84101496T priority Critical patent/ATE34885T1/de
Publication of EP0122391A1 publication Critical patent/EP0122391A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband microwave radiator for two polarizations for illuminating a rotationally symmetrical parabolic reflector with a waveguide of square or round cross section, the one bottom surface facing away from the parabolic reflector is closed with a metal plate and offset against one another in the direction of the waveguide axis and in the circumferential direction below arranged at an angle of 90 ° to one another, two feed lines, preferably in the form of coaxial lines, are connected.
  • Such an arrangement is known from CH-A 350 335.
  • the main problem lies in adapting the existing, strongly frequency-dependent jump in wave resistance to broadband at the transition point from the open waveguide end to the free space.
  • the square waveguide has the characteristic line impedance for the adaptation
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simply constructed, very broadband microwave radiator, which radiates two perpendicular linear polarizations each from a separate antenna output with high mutual decoupling and small reflection and the open, abrupt waveguide end is broadband adapted as well as possible.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in such a way that on the inner wall of the waveguide, after the opening forming the aperture, a first group of four cylinders which are offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction and are opposite one another in pairs and form a double capacity, and a second group of four cylinders, each offset in the direction of the waveguide axis by a predetermined distance, each cylinder being made of dielectric material with small losses.
  • the microwave radiator 1 shows an antenna arrangement with a microwave radiator 1 (primary radiator) and a rotationally symmetrical parabolic reflector illuminated by the latter with a flat crown plate 15 in the middle.
  • the primary radiator is held by a support 13 which extends through an opening 14 in the parabolic reflector 12.
  • the microwave radiator 1 is designed as a waveguide with a square cross section, which is shown in detail in FIG. 2.
  • the waveguide in the microwave radiator is closed off with a metal plate on the bottom surface facing away from the parabolic reflector.
  • the two mutually perpendicular H 1O polarizations are coupled in and out with a coaxial line 3, 5 which, offset from one another in the direction of the waveguide axis, penetrates two adjacent side walls each in the middle of the waveguide side and their extended inner conductor 4, 6 as a coaxial probe protrudes about 0.3 a deep into the waveguide.
  • a is the inside length of the square base of the waveguide.
  • the coaxial probe 4 near the opening excites the vertically polarized H 10 wave with its vertical E field. In addition, this probe generates a longitudinal electrical field, which results in an E 11 interference field in the square waveguide.
  • the length L E "of the square waveguide section from the confluence of the near-opening probe 3 to the aperture, it is dimensioned such that its aperiodic E 11 attenuation is sufficiently large according to the requirement, in particular at the critical upper band limit f Ob ( ⁇ ob ), the condition is sufficient: where ⁇ KE11 a ⁇ 2.
  • a short circuit is arranged at a distance of approximately a / 2 behind the two coaxial probes 4, 6. This is formed for the probe 4 close to the opening by a vertical transverse plate 7 which is approximately 0.25 a wide and which practically does not interfere with the coaxial probe remote from the opening.
  • the short circuit for the coaxial probe 6 remote from the opening is the metal plate 2, which closes the square waveguide at the rear.
  • the distance between this metal plate 2 and the rear edge of the transverse plate 7 must be less than ⁇ Hob / 2 at the highest operating frequency f ob .
  • Parallel capacitances are provided in the area of the aperture, preferably by ⁇ H / 8 in front of the aperture in the square waveguide, for broadband adaptation of the strongly frequency-dependent wave resistance jump at the transition point from the open waveguide end to free space, where ⁇ H is assigned to an average frequency of the frequency band.
  • These capacitances are each broken down into two partial capacitances and consist of cylinders made of dielectric material with small losses, which are opposite each other on the four inner walls in the middle of the inside of the waveguide and are arranged offset in the direction of the waveguide axis.
  • the cylinders 8, 8 ' are attached to the underside, the cylinders 9, 9' to the top, the cylinders 10, 10 'to the left and the cylinders 11, 11' to the right .
  • the distance between two partial capacitances or the cylinders realizing them is selected such that it is approximately ⁇ Hob / 4 at the upper band limit.
  • the two partial capacities almost cancel each other out.
  • their electrical distance 1 / ⁇ Hu is much smaller than at the higher frequency f ob , whereby not only the frequency difference from f Ob to f " the decisive factor is the significantly larger wavelength difference in the waveguide.
  • both capacitances add up at the 'lower frequency f u almost, and the resulting capacitance acts locally in the middle between the partial capacities.
  • the amount of the resulting capacitance decreases in a desired manner from the lower frequency limit f u to the upper frequency limit f ob .
  • Frequency response, amount and location of the resulting capacity can be influenced in a defined manner via the distance, size and location of the individual capacities.
  • the dielectric disturbance of a cover can also be compensated, which is preferably arranged approximately in the aperture plane for the weatherproof closure of the radiator.
  • the excitation of interference wave types on the dielectric cylinders is prevented in that each individual capacitance is designed symmetrically, that is to say it is formed in each case from two halves on both mutually opposite waveguide walls.
  • the measures according to the invention for adapting the wave resistance jump at the transition point from the open waveguide end into the free space can of course also be used for waveguides whose aperture, in contrast to the precisely abrupt end, has a e.g. has funnel-shaped approach.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Emetteur à micro-ondes à large bande pour deux polarisations pour irradier un réflecteur parabolique à symétrie de révolution (12), comportant un guide d'ondes (1) possédant une section transversale carrée ou circulaire, dont une surface de base, tournée à l'opposé du réflecteur parabolique (12), est fermée par une plaque métallique (2) et auquel deux conducteurs d'alimentation réalisés sous la forme de câbles coaxiaux (3, 5) sont raccordés en étant décalés mutuellement dans la direction de l'axe du guide d'ondes et en faisant entre eux un angle de 90° dans la direction circonférentielle, caractérisé par le fait qu'un premier groupe de quatre cylindres (8, 9, 10, 11) décalés mutuellement de 90° dans la direction circonférentielle et alignés en étant opposés par couples et constituant une capacité double, et un second groupe de quatre cylindres (8', 9', 10', 11'), décalés respectivement d'une distance prédéterminée dans la direction de l'axe du guide d'ondes, sont montés sur la paroi intérieure du guide d'ondes après l'orifice constituant l'ouverture, chaque cylindre étant constitué en un matériau diélectrique présentant de faibles pertes.
2. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la distance entre deux cylindres diélectriques (8-8', 9-9', 10-10', 11-11') disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal du guide d'ondes est choisie de manière à être égale approximativement à λHob/4, au niveau de la limite de bande supérieure, λHob désignant la longueur d'onde de l'onde devant être transmise, qui possède la fréquence maximale.
3. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, comportant un guide d'ondes de section transversale carrée, caractérisé par le fait que les conducteurs d'alimentation (3, 5) sont raccordés respectivement dans la zone centrale de deux parois latérales voisines et que les cylindres diélectriques (8-8', 9-9', 10-10', 11-11') sont disposés au centre des quatre parois latérales, d'une manière symétrique les unes par rapport aux autres sur des parois latérales en vis-à-vis.
4. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que dans le cas de la réalisation des conducteurs d'alimentation (3, 5) sous la forme d'un câble coaxial, leurs conducteurs intérieurs (4, 6) sont prolongés sous la forme de sondes coaxiales et pénètrent sur une profondeur égale à environ 0,3 a dans le guide d'ondes (1), a désignant la longueur latérale intérieure de la surface de base carrée du guide d'ondes.
5. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le conducteur intérieur prolongé (4) (sonde coaxiale) du câble coaxial (3) proche de l'orifice est disposé à une distance telle LE" par rapport à l'ouverture que l'affaiblissement E11 apériodique aapE11 du champ parasite E11 dans cette section du guide d'ondes satisfait, au niveau de la limite de bande supérieure λob, à la relation suivante:
Figure imgb0007
avec λKE11 = a √2.
6. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'un court-circuit respectif pour la polarisation respective est disposé à une distance égale approximativement à la moitié de la longueur latérale intérieure a/2 du guide d'ondes, en arrière des sondes coaxiales (4, 6).
7. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le court-circuit pour la sonde coaxiale (4) proche de l'orifice est formé par une tôle transversale (7) disposée verticalement et qui possède une largeur égale environ au quart de celle de la surface latérale intérieure du guide d'ondes.
8. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le court-circuit pour la sonde coaxiale (6) éloignée de l'orifice est formé par la plaque métallique (2), qui ferme d'un côté le guide d'ondes (1).
9. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la distance entre la plaque métallique (2) et le bord arrière de la tôle transversale (7) pour la fréquence maximale de fonctionnement fb, est inférieure à la moitié de la longueur d'onde λHob de l'onde possédant la fréquence maximale, à transmettre dans le guide d'ondes.
10. Emetteur à micro-ondes suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que des éléments de transformation particuliers sont disposés dans les sections de câble coaxial (3, 5) possédant une longueur égale approximativement à la moitié de la longueur latérale intérieure (a/2) du guide d'ondes.
EP84101496A 1983-02-17 1984-02-14 Antenne à large bande à micro-ondes Expired EP0122391B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84101496T ATE34885T1 (de) 1983-02-17 1984-02-14 Breitbandiger mikrowellenstrahler.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3305494 1983-02-17
DE19833305494 DE3305494A1 (de) 1983-02-17 1983-02-17 Breitbandiger mikrowellenstrahler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0122391A1 EP0122391A1 (fr) 1984-10-24
EP0122391B1 true EP0122391B1 (fr) 1988-06-01

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AT (1) ATE34885T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3305494A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1188403B (it) * 1986-03-03 1988-01-14 Gte Telecom Spa Ricevitore a microonde a doppia polarizzazione per ricezione di radiodiffuzione diretta da satellite
DE3619220A1 (de) * 1986-06-07 1988-02-18 Kolbe & Co Hans Konvertersystem
DE4113760C2 (de) * 1991-04-26 1994-09-01 Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co Anordnung zur Umwandlung eines Mikrowellentyps

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB801627A (en) * 1955-09-02 1958-09-17 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus of the kind including a waveguide
GB835575A (en) * 1955-12-21 1960-05-25 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd An improved multiplexing and filtering device for the u.h.f. band
US3089102A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-05-07 Electronic Specialty Co Dual polarized horn
FR1527847A (fr) * 1967-02-27 1968-06-07 Csf Nouvelle excitation duplexée d'antennes radioélectriques
DE1916197A1 (de) * 1969-03-29 1970-10-01 Licentia Gmbh Erreger fuer die Ausleuchtung einer Parabolantenne

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DE3471839D1 (en) 1988-07-07
ATE34885T1 (de) 1988-06-15
DE3305494A1 (de) 1984-08-23
EP0122391A1 (fr) 1984-10-24

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