EP0517872A1 - Corps de transformation - Google Patents

Corps de transformation

Info

Publication number
EP0517872A1
EP0517872A1 EP92901289A EP92901289A EP0517872A1 EP 0517872 A1 EP0517872 A1 EP 0517872A1 EP 92901289 A EP92901289 A EP 92901289A EP 92901289 A EP92901289 A EP 92901289A EP 0517872 A1 EP0517872 A1 EP 0517872A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tetrahedra
tetrahedron
transformation body
edge
transformation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92901289A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0517872B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dieter Pfeffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfeffer Klaus Dieter
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0517872A1 publication Critical patent/EP0517872A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0517872B1 publication Critical patent/EP0517872B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/06—Patience; Other games for self-amusement
    • A63F9/08—Puzzles provided with elements movable in relation, i.e. movably connected, to each other
    • A63F9/088—Puzzles with elements that are connected by straps, strings or hinges, e.g. Rubik's Magic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/02—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics
    • G09B23/04—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics for geometry, trigonometry, projection or perspective

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformation body, which is composed of several individual bodies.
  • Literature Paul Schatz, rhythm research and technology I. The reversible cube. II. The polysomatic design. Stuttgart: Verlag Freies Geistesleben, 1975 (citation title: Schatz) describes reversible transformation bodies and kaleidocycles.
  • a kaleidocycle is a three-dimensional ring made of tetrahedra.
  • a chain of tetrahedra is obtained.
  • the ring can be turned continuously through its center ".
  • the kaleidocycles presented in this publication can be developed as a whole into a two-dimensional network. (Schattschneider, pp. 9, 10, 35). This convertibility of the three-dimensional structure into a two-dimensional development is a further feature of a kaleidocycle. With one exception, all kaleidocycles have a center which is contracted to the "size" of a point.
  • kaleidocycle cannot be used as a synonym for "inversion”, because with inversion inversions are also shown, which are not divided into tetrahedra, and because there are inversions that, as a whole, do not form a two-dimensional network ⁇ let it wrap. Also, kaleidocycles have no "inside”; there are no convex stages of transformation in them.
  • the inversions at Schatz only show a low degree of versatility.
  • the Schatz cube belt can be transferred to five striking stages or positions, for example. This is not a defect, but a disadvantage with regard to the degree of interest or entertainment value, in particular for people who are not interested in the intellectual penetration of these inversion phenomena.
  • the inventor has thus set himself the goal of improving known conversion bodies and increasing their incentive to play.
  • magnets are introduced into the tetrahedra in the conversion body.
  • Each tetrahedron has the same polarity on all surfaces. The polarity is opposite to the polarity of the two adjacent tetrahedra in the chain.
  • the body presented here is therefore one of the inversions, only that the property of the inversibility declines equally along with other properties: due to the number of sixteen tetrahedra, parts of the chain (groups of adjacent tetrahedra) are movable as a function of one another, without that this affects other parts of the chain. Parts of the chain can thus be turned inside out, while independently of this other parts of the chain are subjected to other forms of movement. In addition to turning inside out, folding and folding are also considered as transformation phenomena.
  • the transformation body offers a variety of forms that stimulate playful or serious employment with as many memorable stages of transformation as possible. It is very difficult to find an exact number for the various relatives staging stages because, depending on the discretion, not all stages meet the requirement of memorability and any number of intermediate steps from one stage to another can be regarded as separate stages.
  • the transformation body can be set up freely in many of its forms. Other shapes can be set up freely if the tetrahedra are equipped with magnets as in claim 2.
  • the magnetic attraction should be just large enough to be effective so that the individual stages can be easily dissolved again.
  • the transformation body should also not be too heavy, so that the durability of the edge connections is not unnecessarily impaired.
  • the transformation body according to the invention probably belongs best in the category of three-dimensional puzzle games. The difference to other games of this kind is that you do not have to make any geometrical considerations to get a result. Simply trying out results in individual shapes. There is then an incentive to specifically reproduce a form that has arisen by chance.
  • the transformation body trains the coordination of eyes and hands. There are usually several ways to transform one shape into another, or to include different intermediate stages between two particular shapes. As a result, the entertainment value of the transformation body is retained even if you know a certain procedure for a transformation.
  • the transformation body is not only suitable as a solitaire game, e.g. several people in turn could produce different forms individually or in pairs.
  • Aesthetic aspects can play a role in the color scheme; the coloring should harmonize with the symmetry properties. It should therefore be repeated for every second, fourth or eighth tetrahedron in the chain, it being possible for one tetrahedron to be kept in one color or for identical colors to be repeated on the corresponding surface after every fourth tetrahedron.
  • Such repeating color sequences may also vary somewhat in shade, so that each tetrahedron can be tracked within the arrangement when it is converted in its own change of location and at the same time the other tetrahedra assigned by the symmetry can be kept in view.
  • the confusion body can also be presented as a kind of three-dimensional tangram.
  • Fig. 1 a single tetrahedron in oblique view
  • Fig. 2 its processing
  • Fig. 4 the transformation body of Figure 2 as a side elevation.
  • Fig. 21 different transformation bodies each in an oblique view (Fig. 19 in plan view);
  • FIG. 1 shows a single tetrahedron E with visible tetrahedral edges a, b, c, d
  • FIG. 2 shows the development of the edges a to d.
  • the angle e enclosed by tetrahedron edges c is 45 degrees (old degrees). 2, all sides b are parallel to the viewing plane.
  • the perspectively shortened edges d in FIG. 1 appear to be of the same length as the edges c lying congruently underneath.
  • Side a is also the height on side b in triangle bcc (field F in Fig. 2).
  • the angle f enclosed by the edges a and c is 90 degrees. This means that all surfaces of the development, and at the same time the dimensions of the tetrahedron and the transformation body, are clearly determined; the surfaces F and G are equilateral triangles, the surfaces H, K are right triangles.
  • edge a should be in the range of 6 cm for children and 9 cm for adults. But even with a suitable material, much larger dimensions are conceivable, with two or more people playing together.
  • the tetrahedron of a six-part kaleidocycle can be segmented in such a way that four paired mirror-symmetrical cube-belt tetrahedra are created.
  • transformation bodies according to the invention are shown in some stages or forms of transformation. With the exception of the examples in FIG. 9, they can be set up freely; 19 shows an oblique view from above.
  • the shape of the body in Fig. 10 can be changed by flaps, e.g. the four left tetrahedra are pivoted together about the Z axis. Regardless, the same can be done with the four right tetrahedra.
  • FIG. 13 The shape according to FIG. 13 is created by unfolding the basic shape according to FIG. 1; the body of FIG. 14 results from further opening.
  • the reverse process from FIG. 14 to Fig. 13 and Fig. 1 is referred to as "merging".
  • the shape of FIG. 11 can also be converted into FIG. 1 in this way.
  • FIG. 16 is created by inverting the body of Fig. 15.
  • Most shapes can be made in different ways, i.e. can be achieved through various preliminary stages.
  • FIG. 8 can be produced by holding the tetrahedra lying next to one another at the front left in FIG. 11 in their current position and folding all the remaining tetrahedra backwards.
  • FIG. 8 can also be achieved by converting FIG. 14 without FIG. 11 being an intermediate stage.
  • sixteen tetrahedron developments according to FIG. 2 are made from cardboard (approx. 300 g / m 2) with adhesive folds on one of the outer sides d.
  • a cotton strip is glued into each of eight pieces on the side b or on the side a, as indicated at y in FIG. 5.
  • magnets M are additionally glued to the tetrahedra on all center points of the surface of the inside of the developments, in such a way that all tetrahedra with the cotton strip on a have the same magnetic charge on all outer surfaces.
  • the same procedure is followed with the tetrahedra with the cotton stripe at b, only their outer surfaces must have the opposite polarity to the tetrahedra with the cotton stripe at a.
  • the height a is in the range of approximately 6 to 9 cm, almost all forms of transformation can be brought about with two hands without the transformation body having to be supported. Since parts of the chain (usually groups of four elements in the chain adjacent to each other) can only be moved depending on each other, it is not necessary to touch all sixteen elements at the same time in order to bring the whole structure into the desired shape.
  • each tetrahedron must be manufactured individually because the transformation body or the tetrahedron chain cannot be processed as a whole in a two-dimensional network.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Corps de transformation composé de seize tétraèdres (E) dont chacun est composé de deux triangles isocèles (F, G) partant d'une base (a) et possédant deux côtés latéraux (c, d) ainsi que de deux triangles rectangles (H, K) dont le côté (a) reliant les côtés (c, d) constitue leur hauteur, les tétraèdres étant accolés par la base (a) ainsi que par la hauteur (a) à la base ou à la hauteur d'un tétraèdre adjacent.
EP92901289A 1991-01-08 1992-01-07 Corps de transformation Expired - Lifetime EP0517872B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9100132U DE9100132U1 (fr) 1991-01-08 1991-01-08
DE9100132U 1991-01-08
PCT/DE1992/000004 WO1992011911A1 (fr) 1991-01-08 1992-01-07 Corps de transformation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0517872A1 true EP0517872A1 (fr) 1992-12-16
EP0517872B1 EP0517872B1 (fr) 1998-09-16

Family

ID=6863140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92901289A Expired - Lifetime EP0517872B1 (fr) 1991-01-08 1992-01-07 Corps de transformation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0517872B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE171080T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9100132U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992011911A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9012333U1 (fr) * 1990-08-28 1990-11-15 Asch, Sabine, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen, De
DE9012334U1 (fr) * 1990-08-28 1990-11-15 Asch, Sabine, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen, De
FR2672814A1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-21 Ciquet Bernard Objets metamorphosables par manipulation.
DE19603825A1 (de) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Hartmut Endlich Stereometriespielzeug
CN106228195B (zh) * 2016-08-08 2022-11-18 华南理工大学 一种基于图像处理的七巧板图形识别方法
CN108515511B (zh) * 2018-03-19 2020-06-19 华南理工大学 一种多稳态柔顺机构及其稳态分析方法
WO2022130285A1 (fr) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Andreas Hoenigschmid Jouet de transformation
CN218589651U (zh) * 2022-01-12 2023-03-10 凯文·D·施拉皮克 铰接磁体拼图

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992829A (en) * 1956-08-09 1961-07-18 Charles L Hopkins Polymorphic geometrical devices
US3662486A (en) * 1970-02-04 1972-05-16 Edward J Freedman Polyhedral amusement and educational device
JPS5848297U (ja) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-01 吉本　直貴 立方体反転がん具
GB2108395B (en) * 1981-10-19 1985-05-01 Karran Products Ltd Polytetrahedral chain device
FR2614210B1 (fr) * 1987-04-22 1990-06-15 Beroff Andre Structure constituee de modules polyedriques articules avec moyens de maintien en forme utilisable notamment comme jeu.
DE8912392U1 (fr) * 1989-10-18 1990-03-01 Ritzenfeld, Albert, Innsbruck, At

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9211911A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0517872B1 (fr) 1998-09-16
DE59209498D1 (de) 1998-10-22
DE9100132U1 (fr) 1991-07-25
ATE171080T1 (de) 1998-10-15
WO1992011911A1 (fr) 1992-07-23

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