EP0501495B1 - Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires - Google Patents

Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501495B1
EP0501495B1 EP92103401A EP92103401A EP0501495B1 EP 0501495 B1 EP0501495 B1 EP 0501495B1 EP 92103401 A EP92103401 A EP 92103401A EP 92103401 A EP92103401 A EP 92103401A EP 0501495 B1 EP0501495 B1 EP 0501495B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cooling
lumpy
chain conveyor
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92103401A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0501495A1 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Rebhan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0501495A1 publication Critical patent/EP0501495A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0501495B1 publication Critical patent/EP0501495B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
    • F25D25/04—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cooling lumpy or granular goods using a liquefied gas for cooling and a chain conveyor for transporting the goods.
  • Known devices are used, for example, for freezing food, for embrittling or solidifying industrial products which are then to be separated, crushed or ground.
  • the comminution and grinding processes are facilitated by the embrittlement of the products caused by the cooling, and the comminution and grinding machines can be operated with a lower power requirement. It is therefore desirable to cool down such products when they are conveyed to the shredding and grinding machines.
  • Screw coolers are known in which cryogenic gas is injected into a screw conveyor, or freezers in which a conveyor belt loaded with the frozen goods runs through a container which is filled with a cryogenic, liquefied gas.
  • the screw cooler is only suitable for the conveyance of liquid, pasty, soft or ground goods, when transporting hard, lumpy goods there is a risk of jamming, which can damage the screw conveyor and thus lead to downtime with high failure costs.
  • Conveyor belts have the disadvantage that there are severe losses at the entry and exit points of the products due to the escape of evaporated refrigerant.
  • Such conveyor belts are mainly used in the food industry and their technical structure is not very suitable for cooling the hard, industrial piece goods mentioned here, such as batteries, cans etc. or granular goods such as spices etc.
  • a perforated tube is unsuitable for cooling lumpy or granular material, since smaller lumpy material would jam at the perforation points and granular material would fall through the perforations.
  • Another disadvantage of this device is the high gas consumption for cooling the goods.
  • the perforated tubes of the chain conveyor are immersed in two nitrogen baths, which naturally take up a large volume, which in turn has a large evaporation surface.
  • a high gas consumption also requires the operation of a device according to CH-562 056, in which scrap compressed into packets is deep-frozen using liquefied nitrogen before comminution, since the cooling tunnel there has a nitrogen bath at its end which is open to the environment.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device with a chain conveyor for cooling lumpy or granular material, which works reliably and inexpensively and thus makes industrial use profitable.
  • the chain conveyor has a closed tube which is at least partially bent upwards in the vertical direction, with a connection for a supply line to a container with liquefied gas and also a filling funnel on the bent lower part of the tube is attached with a sluice for filling the pipe interior with the goods, and wherein a sluice for discharging the goods is attached to the upper part of the pipe outside the part filled with liquefied gas.
  • the chain conveyor picks up piece by piece or the corresponding grain quantities of the given goods and conveys them in a tube through a bath with a low-boiling liquefied gas. Each individual conveyed piece or the corresponding amount of grain is optimally surrounded and cooled by the coolant.
  • the closed tube of the chain conveyor is particularly well suited for filling with the liquefied coolant. The longer the lumpy or granular material stays in the bath with the liquefied gas when it is conveyed, the colder it will leave this bath.
  • the temperature is therefore dependent on the conveying speed and the conveying path through the bath. If the lumpy or granular material is to be ground or crushed after cooling, the appropriate temperature will first be determined. This then results in the conveying speed and the length of the distance in the tube chain conveyor, which is filled with the liquefied, low-boiling gas.
  • chain conveyors are particularly suitable, the individual coaxial cutting disks mounted in the chain having a diameter which is only slightly below that of the tube.
  • the hard, lumpy or granular material then falls into the spaces formed by these separating disks and is conveyed by the circulating chain through the bath with the low-boiling liquefied gas.
  • inert gas As a low-boiling liquefied gas, with carbon dioxide and nitrogen being particularly suitable as inert gases.
  • the vaporized inert gas which arises in the closed tube during the conveyance of the lumpy or granular material through the bath with the low-boiling liquefied inert gas is withdrawn from the tube and during comminution - Or grinding process is used to inert the atmosphere there.
  • crushing for example from old batteries or spray cans
  • chemically reactive and highly flammable substances can escape, which can explode in air or ignite.
  • the evaporated low-boiling gas formed in the closed tube is withdrawn from the tube and used for additional cooling of the lumpy or granular material.
  • Vaporized gas can be drawn off at various points through flue gas nozzles which are located outside the bath with liquefied gas in the tube. This cold gas can then precool and / or cool the lumpy or granular material.
  • liquefied nitrogen namely after absorbing the heat of vaporization, the gaseous nitrogen absorbs more than the same amount of heat until the nitrogen reaches room temperature.
  • This cooling capacity can be used according to the invention in that the cold nitrogen gas pre-cools the lumpy or granular material on the conveying path to the tubular chain conveyor and after-cooling, for example to a shredder, on the way from the tubular chain conveyor.
  • the throughput of the lumpy or granular goods is regulated by the chain conveyor with locks.
  • the use of cellular wheel sluices has proven to be particularly suitable for the controlled supply of lumpy or granular material into the tube of the chain conveyor and for the removal thereof from the tube of the chain conveyor.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly advantageous for recycling if the products are fed to a shredder after cooling.
  • the embrittlement of the lumpy material caused by the cooling facilitates the shredding in the shredder.
  • the shredded components of the products are separated and can then be reused, disposed of or neutralized.
  • the device is particularly suitable for the recycling of small spray cans or used batteries, which are shredded after they have become sufficiently brittle. Even granular material, such as different types of spices, can be cooled with the device according to the invention before comminution and grinding. This enables the grinding process to be carried out dry and energy to be saved for the grinding machines.
  • Drawing 1 schematically shows the chain conveyor 4 with the tube 1 surrounding it.
  • Drawing 2 shows schematically a view of a structure for cooling lumpy goods according to the invention.
  • the chain conveyor 4 is shown schematically, which consists of the chain 3, in which the cutting disks 2 are coaxially mounted, which take the lumpy material with the conveyance in the tube 1.
  • Drawing 2 shows the schematic view of a device according to the invention.
  • a chain 3 runs in the interior of the tube 1, driven by the drive device 16.
  • the piece goods are carried along by the cutting discs 2.
  • the approximately 4 meter high chain conveyor 4 transports the goods from bottom to top.
  • the material is introduced into the inside of the tube in the lower part of the chain conveyor 4 in portions via a hopper 5 by means of the cellular wheel sluice 6.
  • Piece by piece, the material is conveyed upwards and there leaves the chain conveyor 4 by means of the cellular wheel sluice 8.
  • a connection for a supply line for a low-boiling liquefied gas In the lower part of the chain conveyor 4 there is a connection for a supply line for a low-boiling liquefied gas.
  • the latter is removed from the container 13 for liquid gas and introduced into the interior of the pipe 1 through a line via a shut-off valve 12, a safety valve 11 and a control valve 10.
  • the fill level 14 of the liquefied gas in the tube is monitored by a temperature controller 9.
  • the temperature controller 9 has the temperature of the liquefied low-boiling gas as a setpoint. If the fill level 14 drops below the sensor of the temperature controller 9, there is a deviation from the target value due to the temperature rising there. This control deviation can be eliminated by opening the control valve 10 and the fill level 14 can thus be kept constant.
  • used batteries of various sizes are to be shredded in a shredder from household needs. To do this, they are cooled to below -50 ° C beforehand in order to achieve sufficient embrittlement of the covering material.
  • the device is intended to enable a rate of one ton of used batteries to be fed to the shredder per hour.
  • the old batteries are placed in a funnel 5 and fed to the inside of the chain conveyor 4 through a rotary valve 6.
  • a rotary valve 6 When they leave the rotary valve, they fall into a bath 15 with a low-boiling liquefied gas, nitrogen being used in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the liquid nitrogen is previously fed up to a certain fill level 14 into the tube interior of the chain conveyor 4. This level 14 is determined in a series of tests before the method is carried out and then kept constant during the entire method by means of the temperature controller 9 and the control valve 10.
  • the old batteries now get into the chain conveyor 4, in the tube 1, the chain 3 is driven continuously clockwise.
  • the old batteries are transported from the chain conveyor 4 through the liquid nitrogen bath 15 inside the tube 1.
  • the batteries are now cooling down sharply. The degree of cooling can be adjusted by the conveying speed of the chain conveyor 4 and the fill level 14 of the nitrogen bath 15.
  • the evaporated, cold nitrogen produced during operation is drawn off through the exhaust pipe 7 and reused. It serves to pre-cool or post-cool the old batteries on the way to the hopper 5 and then on the way to the shredder. This means that the cooling capacity of the liquefied nitrogen can be optimally used.
  • an inert atmosphere can be created by injecting nitrogen gas, which prevents explosions or ignition of released, chemically reactive substances.
  • the lower part of the tube 1 of the chain conveyor 4 is advantageously partially surrounded by an insulation made of foamed polyurethane.
  • the chain conveyor 4 is made of cold-tough, high-alloy steel, which is suitable for the temperatures of the liquid nitrogen.
  • the use of the device according to the invention proves to be particularly suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Dispositif de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires avec utilisation d'un gaz liquéfié pour le refroidissement et d'un transporteur à chaîne (4) pour le transport du produit, caractérisé en ce que le transporteur à chaîne (4) présente un tube fermé (1), qui est au moins en partie courbé en direction verticale vers le haut, dans lequel sont disposés, à la partie inférieure courbée du tube (1), un raccord pour une conduite de distribution vers un réservoir (13) avec un gaz liquéfié et d'autre part une trémie de remplissage (5) avec un sas (6) pour le remplissage de l'intérieur du tube avec le produit, et dans lequel est disposé, à la partie supérieure du tube (1), en dehors de la partie remplie de gaz liquéfié, un sas (8) pour l'évacuation du produit.
  2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie inférieure courbée du tube (1) est isolée thermiquement.
  3. Dispositif suivant l'une des deux revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un régulateur de température (9) est raccordé du côté de l'entrée avec un détecteur de température à la partie inférieure du tube courbé (1) et du côté de la sortie avec une servovanne (10) dans la conduite de distribution pour le gaz liquéfié.
  4. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs tubulures (7) à gaz d'échappement sont disposées à la partie supérieure du tube (1), en dehors de la partie remplie avec le gaz liquéfié, pour l'extraction du gaz vaporisé.
EP92103401A 1991-03-01 1992-02-27 Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires Expired - Lifetime EP0501495B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4106599A DE4106599A1 (de) 1991-03-01 1991-03-01 Verfahren zur kuehlung von stueckigem oder koernigem gut
DE4106599 1991-03-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0501495A1 EP0501495A1 (fr) 1992-09-02
EP0501495B1 true EP0501495B1 (fr) 1996-04-24

Family

ID=6426271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92103401A Expired - Lifetime EP0501495B1 (fr) 1991-03-01 1992-02-27 Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0501495B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE137327T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4106599A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4304675A1 (de) * 1993-02-16 1994-08-18 Linde Ag Kühlung stückigen oder körnigen Gutes
NL9300725A (nl) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-16 Leto Recycling Bv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verwerken van batterijen.
DE19717006A1 (de) * 1997-04-23 1998-10-29 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Kühlung von stückigem oder körnigem Gut sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP2005504948A (ja) 2001-07-05 2005-02-17 カー−マギー ピグメンツ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 微粒の固形物を直接的に冷却する方法
DE10132072C1 (de) * 2001-07-05 2002-10-10 Gerhard Auer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur direkten Kühlung von Pigmenten nach einer Dampfstrahlmahlung

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1944857A (en) * 1931-06-19 1934-01-23 Standard Oil Co Quick freezing process and refrigerant
US2196643A (en) * 1937-01-15 1940-04-09 Reeh Johannes Plant for freezing and storing fish on ships
US2552029A (en) * 1946-04-10 1951-05-08 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Cold treating machine
US2951353A (en) * 1956-09-19 1960-09-06 Liquefreeze Company Inc Apparatus for refrigerating such perishable materials as foodstuffs
US3090134A (en) * 1960-06-01 1963-05-21 Liquefreeze Company Inc Gas locks
US3039276A (en) * 1960-08-04 1962-06-19 Liquefreeze Company Inc Bulk freezer
CA992339A (en) * 1971-10-13 1976-07-06 Samuel P. Lipoma Treatment of various products with liquid fluorocarbons
CH562056A5 (fr) * 1972-09-19 1975-05-30 Linde Ag
US4175396A (en) * 1978-05-19 1979-11-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic embrittlement freezer with gas lock
NL185338C (nl) * 1984-06-28 1990-03-16 Esi Engineers & Contractors Schijvenelevator.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0501495A1 (fr) 1992-09-02
DE4106599A1 (de) 1992-09-03
DE59206076D1 (de) 1996-05-30
ATE137327T1 (de) 1996-05-15

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