EP0483182B1 - Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0483182B1
EP0483182B1 EP90910482A EP90910482A EP0483182B1 EP 0483182 B1 EP0483182 B1 EP 0483182B1 EP 90910482 A EP90910482 A EP 90910482A EP 90910482 A EP90910482 A EP 90910482A EP 0483182 B1 EP0483182 B1 EP 0483182B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma jet
cutting edge
plasma
axis
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90910482A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0483182A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Schuler
Wladimir Tokmakov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT179689A external-priority patent/AT392483B/de
Priority claimed from AT245189A external-priority patent/AT392981B/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0483182A1 publication Critical patent/EP0483182A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0483182B1 publication Critical patent/EP0483182B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/24—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for saw blades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hardening the cutting edges of saws, in particular for woodworking, as well as knives or punching tools for wood, paper, cardboard, plastic, leather or textile processing by means of an energy beam which scans the areas to be hardened Tools is guided.
  • Saws, knives or punching tools for the mentioned area of application wear on the cutting edges.
  • the service life of these tools depends on the quality of the cutting edge (material used, hardening process), the material to be cut and the cutting performance. After the end of the service life, these tools are either reground or scrapped.
  • Many types of saws, knives and punching tools are made of carbon steel, which can be easily hardened by heating and subsequent rapid cooling. However, since such hardening is always associated with a decrease in toughness, great hardness is only desired in the area of the cutting edges.
  • the remaining parts of a saw, a knife or a punching tool should have a lower hardness but a higher toughness.
  • Another well-known hardening process is inductive hardening. After grinding the cutting edge, the cutting area is heated by an eddy current generated by a high-frequency alternating magnetic field and hardened by rapid cooling.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for hardening the cutting edges of saws, knives and punching tools, in which an energy beam which is simple to produce and inexpensive to use is used.
  • a plasma jet is used as the energy jet, the plasma jet being guided at a relative speed with respect to the tool of 5 to 100 mm / sec and the distance between the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch and the cutting edge in the range between 2 and 14 mm and where the power of the plasma jet is between 1 and 10 kW, and the diameter at the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch is between 3 and 7 mm.
  • the heating and cooling speed is adapted to optimal values for different material thicknesses and cutting edge angles.
  • the feed rate should be chosen higher, otherwise the cooling rate is too low due to the limited heat dissipation into the base material for sufficiently high hardening.
  • the feed speed can be selected to achieve larger hardness zones.
  • Plasma jets are produced by ionization of argon or nitrogen or mixed gases.
  • the ionization takes place by an electric arc discharge or by excitation with a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
  • suitable Shaping of the electrodes or nozzles creates a jet, in the axis of which temperatures of up to 15,000 ° C can be reached.
  • a local area of the cutting edge heats up at rates of up to 5000 K / sec.
  • the cutting edge cools by self-quenching, i.e. by dissipating heat into the base material of the tool at cooling rates of up to 1000 K / sec. This creates a fine-grained martensite structure with hardnesses up to 1000 HV (Vickers hardness).
  • a knife or a punching tool is preferably guided through the plasma jet by mechanical movement along the cutting edge, the axis of the plasma jet coinciding with the axis of symmetry of the cutting edge. In this way, the most uniform possible heat is achieved over the flanks of the cutting edge.
  • the plasma jet is guided across the back of the tooth in the area of the upper cutting edge by mechanical movement of the plasma torch across the saw blade. In this way, the most uniform possible heat exposure over the entire length of the cutting edge Tooth tip achieved. With certain saw shapes, on the other hand, it is advantageous and technically simpler to guide the plasma torch along the saw blade without transverse movement.
  • An electromagnetic deflection by means of a coil, which is arranged in the area between the cathode and the lower edge of the nozzle, enables a defined broadening of the plasma jet and thus an adaptation to the tooth geometry (for example with set saws).
  • the difference to the known method of electromagnetically deflecting the plasma jet during the reflow treatment (build-up welding) is that the electromagnetic field is affected in the area between the lower edge of the nozzle and the workpiece surface. With this method, a focal spot of the arc must be on the workpiece surface. This known method does not work in plasma hardening, since the arc must burn between the cathode and the lower edge of the nozzle.
  • the axis of the plasma jet is at a certain angle (e.g. 90 °, 135 ° or half the cutting edge angle) to the axis of symmetry of the cutting edge.
  • a certain angle e.g. 90 °, 135 ° or half the cutting edge angle
  • a distribution of the hardness zone that is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of symmetry can be achieved and thus an adaptation to special wear situations.
  • knife blades with a thickness of more than 5 mm a good adjustment of the hardness zone to different cutting edge geometries is possible.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the basic arrangement of the plasma system using the example of a saw hardening.
  • the plasma torch 1 uses an electrical arc discharge to generate a plasma jet 2 from the gas supplied, which emerges at the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch 1.
  • the distance between the exit nozzle and the cutting edge is a.
  • the plasma jet is directed onto the tooth tip 5 of a sawtooth 4 and heats this area. After the end of the energy exposure, the heated area cools down rapidly and hardens. Then the saw blade 3 is moved further and the plasma jet 2 is directed onto the tooth tip 5a of the following tooth 4a.
  • Figure 2 shows the area of the tooth tip of a saw blade in detail in an axonometric representation.
  • the plasma jet 2 has a diameter d and is moved at a relative speed v either along the cutting edge 6 or in the direction of the teeth.
  • FIG 3 shows schematically the basic arrangement of the plasma system using the example of a knife hardening.
  • the plasma jet is directed onto the cutting edge 9 of the knife at an angle ⁇ and is moved along this edge at the speed v, this edge being heated. After the end of the energy exposure, the heated area quickly cools down and hardens by self-quenching.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross section through the plasma torch in the area of the outlet nozzle.
  • Example 1 Hardening a frame saw.
  • Example 2 Hardening a circular saw.
  • Example 4 Hardening a punch knife for leather and textiles:
  • Material steel strip CK60 (material no.1.1221) Thickness: 2 mm Untreated hardness: 300 HV (Vickers) Plasma power (kW) 1 2nd 4th Beam diameter (d in mm) 4th 4th 4th Distance (a in mm) 4th 6 8th Angle between the plasma axis and the cutting edge axis (degrees) 0 0 0 Feed speed (v in mm / sec) 25th 35 50 Gas flow (l / min) 5 5 5 5 maximum hardness (HV) 860 890 940
  • Example 5 Hardening a planer knife for woodworking

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
EP90910482A 1989-07-25 1990-07-18 Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen Expired - Lifetime EP0483182B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT179689A AT392483B (de) 1989-07-25 1989-07-25 Verfahren zum haerten der schneidkanten von saegen
AT1796/89 1989-07-25
AT2451/89 1989-10-24
AT245189A AT392981B (de) 1989-10-24 1989-10-24 Verfahren zum haerten der schneidkanten von messern
PCT/AT1990/000071 WO1991001386A1 (de) 1989-07-25 1990-07-18 Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0483182A1 EP0483182A1 (de) 1992-05-06
EP0483182B1 true EP0483182B1 (de) 1994-12-14

Family

ID=25596830

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90910482A Expired - Lifetime EP0483182B1 (de) 1989-07-25 1990-07-18 Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0483182B1 (fi)
CN (1) CN1027907C (fi)
AT (1) ATE115639T1 (fi)
AU (1) AU5960690A (fi)
CA (1) CA2064032A1 (fi)
CS (1) CS367490A3 (fi)
DE (1) DE59008039D1 (fi)
FI (1) FI95048C (fi)
PL (1) PL286149A1 (fi)
SK (1) SK279015B6 (fi)
WO (1) WO1991001386A1 (fi)
YU (1) YU135290A (fi)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4126910C1 (fi) * 1991-08-14 1992-09-24 Georg Weiss Gmbh, 8201 Schechen, De
US5417132A (en) 1993-01-19 1995-05-23 Alan R. Pfaff Rotary cutting dies
DE4328961C2 (de) * 1993-08-27 1995-11-30 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papiermessern
AT404798B (de) * 1994-01-17 1999-02-25 Fischer Gmbh Verfahren zum härten von stahl-laufkanten für ski sowie plasmakopf zur härtung von kanten bei stahlmaterialien und vorrichtng zur härtung von kanten bei stahlmaterialien
DE4433720A1 (de) * 1994-09-21 1996-03-28 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Skistahlkanten
AT403805B (de) * 1994-12-23 1998-05-25 Fischer Gmbh Verfahren zur bearbeitung von stahlkanten für ski od.dgl.
US6189414B1 (en) 1995-12-19 2001-02-20 Yoshizawa Industry Inc. Counter plate and cutting die for die cutting machine
EP0780199B1 (en) * 1995-12-19 2002-03-27 Katayama Steel Rule Die, Inc. Method of producing a counter plate
EP0880422B1 (en) * 1996-02-15 2001-12-12 Bernal International, Inc. Cutting die and method of making
NL1040070C2 (nl) * 2013-02-27 2014-08-28 Hho Heating Systems B V Plasmatron en verwarmingsinrichtingen omvattende een plasmatron.
CN110066994A (zh) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-30 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 刀具及该刀具的加工方法
TW202001977A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2020-01-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 處理基板邊緣缺陷之電漿系統及使用此系統之處理方法
CN108866303B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2024-02-27 泉州市海恩德机电科技发展有限公司 一种大直径锯片铁基体快推上下喷油机构

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233454A (fr) * 1958-09-18 1960-10-12 Plasma Flame Corp Procédé de traitement de métaux par flux de plasma
JPS52115711A (en) * 1975-05-26 1977-09-28 Toushichi Ishizawa Method of hardening saw teeth
GB2172821B (en) * 1984-05-08 1987-12-23 Ki Proizv Ob Polimer Mash Method of making hollow cylindrical articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI95048B (fi) 1995-08-31
FI920328A0 (fi) 1992-01-24
CA2064032A1 (en) 1991-01-26
DE59008039D1 (de) 1995-01-26
FI95048C (fi) 1995-12-11
WO1991001386A1 (de) 1991-02-07
EP0483182A1 (de) 1992-05-06
CS367490A3 (en) 1992-01-15
AU5960690A (en) 1991-02-22
ATE115639T1 (de) 1994-12-15
PL286149A1 (en) 1991-03-11
CN1027907C (zh) 1995-03-15
CN1049030A (zh) 1991-02-06
SK279015B6 (sk) 1998-05-06
YU135290A (sh) 1992-12-21

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