WO1991001386A1 - Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991001386A1 WO1991001386A1 PCT/AT1990/000071 AT9000071W WO9101386A1 WO 1991001386 A1 WO1991001386 A1 WO 1991001386A1 AT 9000071 W AT9000071 W AT 9000071W WO 9101386 A1 WO9101386 A1 WO 9101386A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- cutting edge
- axis
- indicates
- jet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/24—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for saw blades
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for hardening the cutting edges of saws, in particular for woodworking, as well as knives or punching tools for wood, paper, cardboard, plastics, leather or textile processing by means of an energy beam which is applied to the material to be hardened Areas of these tools is guided.
- Saws, knives or punching tools for the named area of wear wear on the cutting edges.
- the service life of these tools depends on the quality of the cutting edge (material used, hardening process), the material to be cut and the cutting performance. After the end of the service life, these tools are either reground or scrapped.
- Many types of saws, knives and punching tools are made of carbon steel, which can be easily hardened by heating and subsequent rapid cooling. However, since such hardening is always associated with a decrease in toughness, great hardness is only desired in the area of the cutting edges.
- the remaining parts of a saw, a knife or a punching tool should have a lower hardness but a higher toughness.
- a further known hardening process is inductive hardening. After the cutting edge has been ground, the cutting area is heated by an eddy current, generated by a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, and hardened by rapid cooling.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for hardening the cutting edges of saws, knives and punching tools, in which an energy beam which is simple to produce and inexpensive to use is used.
- a plasma jet is used as the energy jet, the plasma jet being guided at a relative speed with respect to the tool of 5 to 100 mm / sec and the distance of the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch from the cutting edge is in the range between 2 and 14 mm and furthermore the power of the plasma jet is between 1 and 10 kW, and the diameter at the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch is between 3 and 7 mm.
- the heating and cooling speed is adjusted to the optimum values for different i-c: - material thickness and cutting edge angle.
- the feed rate should be chosen higher, since otherwise the cooling rate is too low due to the limited heat dissipation into the base material for sufficiently high hardening is.
- the feed rate can be selected to be smaller in order to achieve larger hardness zones.
- Plasma jets are produced by ionization of argon or nitrogen or mixed gases.
- the ionization takes place by an electric arc discharge or by excitation with a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF The shape of the electrodes or the nozzles is aimed at a jet, in whose axis temperatures of up to 15,000 ° C are reached.
- a plasma jet with the parameters according to the invention is guided over the ground cutting edge of a saw, a knife or a punching tool, then it heats up a local area of the cutting edge with heating rates of up to 5000 K / sec. After the end of the energy supply, the cutting edge cools down by self-scaring, i.e. by dissipating heat into the base material of the tool at cooling speeds of up to 1000 K / sec. This creates a fine-grained martensite structure with hardnesses up to 1000 HV (Vickers hardness).
- Power of the plasma beam 1 to 5 kW
- Plasma torch outlet nozzle 4 to 5.5 mm
- Plasma torch from the cutting edge 3 to 9 mm
- Relative speed of the plasma jet with respect to the cutting edge 15 to 50 mm / sec
- a knife or a punching tool is preferably guided by mechanical movement along the cutting edge through the plasma beam, the axis of the plasma beam coinciding with the axis of symmetry of the cutting edge. In this way, the most uniform possible heat is achieved over the flanks of the cutting edge.
- the plasma jet is guided across the back of the tooth in the region of the upper cutting edge by mechanical movement of the plasma torch transversely to the saw blade. In this way, the most uniform possible heat exposure over the entire length of the cutting edge
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Tooth tip achieved.
- An electromagnetic deflection by means of a coil which is arranged in the area between the cathode and the lower edge of the nozzle, enables a defined broadening of the plasma jet and thus an adaptation to the tooth geometry (for example with set saws).
- the difference from the known method of deflecting the plasma jet electromagnetically during the reflow treatment (build-up welding) is that the electromagnetic field acts in the area between the lower edge of the nozzle and the workpiece surface. With this method, a focal spot of the arc must be on the workpiece surface. This known method does not work in plasma curing, since the arc must burn between the cathode and the lower edge of the nozzle.
- the axis of the plasma jet (c eg 90, 135 ° or half the cutting angle) assumes a certain angle to the axis of symmetry of the cutting edge.
- a distribution of the hardening zone which is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of symmetry and thus an adaptation to special wear situations can be achieved in this way.
- knife blades with a thickness of more than 5 mm a good adaptation of the hardness zone to different cutting edge geometries is possible.
- FIG 1 schematically shows the basic arrangement of the plasma system using the example of saw hardening.
- the plasma torch 1 uses an electrical arc discharge to generate a plasma jet 2 from the gas supplied, which emerges at the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch 1.
- the distance between the exit nozzle and the cutting edge is a.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF The plasma jet is directed onto the tooth tip 5 of a saw tooth and heats this area. After the end of the energy effect, the heated area cools rapidly and hardens. Then the saw blade 3 is moved further and the plasma beam is directed onto the tooth tip 5a of the following tooth 4a.
- Figure 2 shows the area of the tooth tip of a saw blade in detail in an axonometric view.
- the plasma jet has a diameter d and is moved at a relative speed v either along the cutting edge 6 or in the direction of the teeth.
- FIG 3 shows schematically the basic arrangement of the plasma system using the example of a knife hardening.
- the plasma beam is directed onto the cutting edge 9 of the knife at an angle ⁇ and is moved along this edge at the speed v, this edge being heated. After the end of the energy exposure, the heated area cools down quickly by self-deterrence and hardens.
- Figure 4 shows schematically a cross section through the plasma torch in the region of the outlet nozzle.
- An electro-magnet 10 arranged in the area between the cathode 8 and the lower edge 11 of the nozzle, causes an expansion of the plasma jet 2 by high-frequency deflection of the arc within the area of the nozzle.
- Example 1 Hardening a frame saw.
- strip steel B412 alloy steel with 0.85% C, 0.3% Si,
- Width b of the cutting edge 3.5 mm
- Plasma power 2.5 3.5
- Beam diameter d in mm
- 4.0 4.0
- Distance a in mm
- Feed rate 25 30 20
- HV maximum hardness
- Example 2 Hardening a circular saw.
- Material saw steel B412, 50 teeth, tooth spacing 30 mm.
- Width b of the cutting edge 4.0 mm
- Plasma power kW
- Beam diameter d in mm
- Distance a in mm
- Saw steel B412 band length 6 m, tooth spacing 15 mm.
- Width b of the cutting edge 1.5 mm, hardness in the untreated state 410 HV.
- Plasma power 1.5 beam diameter (d in mm) 3.0 distance (a in mm) 5.0 feed speed 20
- Example 4 Hardening a punch knife for leather and textiles:
- Thickness 2 mm
- Plasma power (kW) 1 2 4 Beam diameter (d in mm) 4 4 4 4 4 Distance (a in mm) 4 6 8 Angle between the plasma axis and
- HV maximum hardness
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Example 5 Hardening a planer knife for woodworking
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59008039T DE59008039D1 (de) | 1989-07-25 | 1990-07-18 | Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen. |
EP90910482A EP0483182B1 (de) | 1989-07-25 | 1990-07-18 | Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen |
FI920328A FI95048C (fi) | 1989-07-25 | 1992-01-24 | Menetelmä saha-, veitsi- ja meistotyökaluterien karkaisemiseksi |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1796/89 | 1989-07-25 | ||
AT179689A AT392483B (de) | 1989-07-25 | 1989-07-25 | Verfahren zum haerten der schneidkanten von saegen |
ATA2451/89 | 1989-10-24 | ||
AT245189A AT392981B (de) | 1989-10-24 | 1989-10-24 | Verfahren zum haerten der schneidkanten von messern |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991001386A1 true WO1991001386A1 (de) | 1991-02-07 |
Family
ID=25596830
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1990/000071 WO1991001386A1 (de) | 1989-07-25 | 1990-07-18 | Verfahren zum härten der schneidkanten von sägen, messern und stanzwerkzeugen |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0483182B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1027907C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE115639T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU5960690A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2064032A1 (de) |
CS (1) | CS367490A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59008039D1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI95048C (de) |
PL (1) | PL286149A1 (de) |
SK (1) | SK279015B6 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991001386A1 (de) |
YU (1) | YU135290A (de) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0527485A1 (de) * | 1991-08-14 | 1993-02-17 | GEORG WEISS GmbH | Hackmaschine |
EP0640693A1 (de) * | 1993-08-27 | 1995-03-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Papiermesser und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
EP0667175A2 (de) * | 1994-01-17 | 1995-08-16 | Fischer Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Stahlkanten für Ski od. dgl. |
EP0703299A1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-03-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Skistahlkanten |
EP0780199A1 (de) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-25 | Katayama Steel Rule Die, Inc. | Stanzplatte sowie Stanzwerkzeug für eine Stanzmaschine |
EP0718013A3 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-08-06 | Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Stahlkanten für Ski od. dgl. |
WO1997029878A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Stevens International Inc. | Cutting die and method of making |
US6189414B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 2001-02-20 | Yoshizawa Industry Inc. | Counter plate and cutting die for die cutting machine |
USRE37366E1 (en) | 1993-01-19 | 2001-09-18 | Bernal International, Inc. | Method of making rotary cutting dies |
CN110066994A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 | 刀具及该刀具的加工方法 |
CN110581049A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 处理基板边缘缺陷的等离子体系统及方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1040070C2 (nl) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-08-28 | Hho Heating Systems B V | Plasmatron en verwarmingsinrichtingen omvattende een plasmatron. |
CN108866303B (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2024-02-27 | 泉州市海恩德机电科技发展有限公司 | 一种大直径锯片铁基体快推上下喷油机构 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1233454A (fr) * | 1958-09-18 | 1960-10-12 | Plasma Flame Corp | Procédé de traitement de métaux par flux de plasma |
DE2623731A1 (de) * | 1975-05-26 | 1977-01-20 | Fuji Sangyo Co Ltd | Verfahren zum haerten von saegezaehnen |
GB2172821A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1986-10-01 | Bolshevik Ki Proizv Ob Polimer | Method of making hollow cylindrical articles |
-
1990
- 1990-07-11 YU YU135290A patent/YU135290A/sh unknown
- 1990-07-18 AU AU59606/90A patent/AU5960690A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-18 AT AT90910482T patent/ATE115639T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-18 WO PCT/AT1990/000071 patent/WO1991001386A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-18 EP EP90910482A patent/EP0483182B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-18 DE DE59008039T patent/DE59008039D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-18 CA CA002064032A patent/CA2064032A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-20 PL PL28614990A patent/PL286149A1/xx unknown
- 1990-07-24 CN CN90104823.2A patent/CN1027907C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-24 SK SK3674-90A patent/SK279015B6/sk unknown
- 1990-07-24 CS CS903674A patent/CS367490A3/cs unknown
-
1992
- 1992-01-24 FI FI920328A patent/FI95048C/fi active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1233454A (fr) * | 1958-09-18 | 1960-10-12 | Plasma Flame Corp | Procédé de traitement de métaux par flux de plasma |
DE2623731A1 (de) * | 1975-05-26 | 1977-01-20 | Fuji Sangyo Co Ltd | Verfahren zum haerten von saegezaehnen |
GB2172821A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1986-10-01 | Bolshevik Ki Proizv Ob Polimer | Method of making hollow cylindrical articles |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Advances in Welding Processes, Band 1, 1978, (Proc. Conf., 9-11 Mai 1978, Abington, GB), D. GOODWIN et al.: " Surface Heat Treatment using a Plasma Torch with a Magnetically Traversed Arc" siehe seite 181, rechte spalte, zeilen 1-30; seite 182, linke spalte, zeilen 1-2; seite 183, tabelle 1 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0527485A1 (de) * | 1991-08-14 | 1993-02-17 | GEORG WEISS GmbH | Hackmaschine |
USRE37366E1 (en) | 1993-01-19 | 2001-09-18 | Bernal International, Inc. | Method of making rotary cutting dies |
EP0640693A1 (de) * | 1993-08-27 | 1995-03-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Papiermesser und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
EP0667175A2 (de) * | 1994-01-17 | 1995-08-16 | Fischer Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Stahlkanten für Ski od. dgl. |
EP0667175A3 (de) * | 1994-01-17 | 1996-08-28 | Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Stahlkanten für Ski od. dgl. |
EP0703299A1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-03-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Skistahlkanten |
EP0718013A3 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-08-06 | Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Stahlkanten für Ski od. dgl. |
US6189414B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 2001-02-20 | Yoshizawa Industry Inc. | Counter plate and cutting die for die cutting machine |
EP0780199A1 (de) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-25 | Katayama Steel Rule Die, Inc. | Stanzplatte sowie Stanzwerkzeug für eine Stanzmaschine |
WO1997029878A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Stevens International Inc. | Cutting die and method of making |
CN1117649C (zh) * | 1996-02-15 | 2003-08-13 | 贝尔纳国际公司 | 切割模具的制造方法 |
CN110066994A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 | 刀具及该刀具的加工方法 |
CN110581049A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 处理基板边缘缺陷的等离子体系统及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
YU135290A (sh) | 1992-12-21 |
EP0483182B1 (de) | 1994-12-14 |
CN1027907C (zh) | 1995-03-15 |
CS367490A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
FI95048B (fi) | 1995-08-31 |
ATE115639T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
CN1049030A (zh) | 1991-02-06 |
DE59008039D1 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
CA2064032A1 (en) | 1991-01-26 |
PL286149A1 (en) | 1991-03-11 |
AU5960690A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
SK279015B6 (sk) | 1998-05-06 |
FI95048C (fi) | 1995-12-11 |
FI920328A0 (fi) | 1992-01-24 |
EP0483182A1 (de) | 1992-05-06 |
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