EP0479263B1 - Forms for rooms as a whole, for making constructions with at least one level - Google Patents

Forms for rooms as a whole, for making constructions with at least one level Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479263B1
EP0479263B1 EP91116805A EP91116805A EP0479263B1 EP 0479263 B1 EP0479263 B1 EP 0479263B1 EP 91116805 A EP91116805 A EP 91116805A EP 91116805 A EP91116805 A EP 91116805A EP 0479263 B1 EP0479263 B1 EP 0479263B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
shuttering
elements
room
balloon envelope
dimensional
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EP91116805A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0479263A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Schumann
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KLAUS SCHUMANN
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E04G11/045—Inflatable forms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a room evaluation for creating an at least one-storey building, with outer formwork elements for the outer walls that are at least higher by the thickness of the later floor ceiling and an inflatable balloon envelope to be arranged inside a space formed by the outer formwork elements, the height of which in the inflated state essentially corresponds to that Corresponds to the room height.
  • inner formwork elements to be arranged at a distance from the outer formwork elements are provided, the height of which is lower is that of the inflated balloon envelope that a horizontally extending groove is formed in the area of the upper edge of the inner formwork elements, and that the balloon envelope is formed with a circumferential, bead-shaped, inflatable holding hose, the cross section of which is adapted to that of the groove of the inner formwork elements, with assembled room formwork the holding hose is inserted into the groove of the inner formwork elements so that the balloon envelope covers the space enclosed by the inner formwork elements in a hood-like and sealed manner.
  • This combination of interior formwork elements with the balloon envelope creates a room formwork that behaves very uncritically when the cavities are poured out with concrete.
  • the inner formwork elements can be anchored to the foundation of the building, which indirectly also holds the balloon envelope. It is also advantageous with these room formworks if the balloon envelope is filled with a relatively heavy liquid; However, it is not particularly critical for the work result if the liquid level in the balloon envelope is not exactly adapted to the filling level of the concrete.
  • the combination of interior formwork elements and balloon envelope enables rooms to be created that have smooth walls but a vaulted ceiling. Such a vaulted ceiling is desirable in many high-quality buildings and previously had to be achieved by applying plaster of Paris later.
  • the holding hose that can be inserted into the groove of the formwork elements can be removed again simply by reducing the pressure in the holding hose. Inflating the holding tube also creates an effective seal between the balloon and the inner formwork, which prevents concrete from penetrating between the formwork and the balloon.
  • a second, circumferential, bead-shaped holding tube is preferably provided on the balloons and a further horizontal groove is provided on the formwork elements in the lower region thereof, in which the holding tube is inserted and pressurized in a manner similar to the upper holding tube .
  • the attachment of the balloon envelope to the upper edge and to the lower area of the formwork elements has the advantage that the balloon envelope is fixed and sufficiently precisely aligned before inflation, so that there are no major displacements during inflation of the balloon.
  • the grooves in the formwork elements are provided with undercuts which are engaged behind by the holding hoses in their inserted and inflated state.
  • the holding tubes are not only held securely in the grooves; a kind of labyrinth seal is also formed, which prevents concrete from penetrating between the balloon sleeve and the formwork elements.
  • the formwork elements have at their lower end an L-shaped, angled fastening flange with screw holes for screw fastening to the foundation. This considerably facilitates the assembly of the formwork elements, especially when you consider that a relatively large number of small formwork elements must be used, since the formwork elements can only be removed through window or door openings after the building has been completed.
  • a multi-storey house can be easily produced if the external formwork elements have double storey height and if the Outer formwork elements at a distance above the balloon envelopes of the lower room formworks, upper room formworks provided with a floor for the floor above can be attached in such a way that the formwork spaces can be poured with concrete up to approximately the upper edge of the outer formwork elements.
  • the upper room formwork can be opened from the top open cube or cuboid troughs exist, which have bent mounting flanges on their edge, so that the individual room formwork can be screwed together and with the outer formwork.
  • these upper formworks can be weighted with water, which is filled with the concrete at the same time.
  • the invention also relates to room formwork with spacers for holding the individual formwork walls apart, e.g. two adjacent room formwork or one room formwork and one outer formwork.
  • spacers are characterized in that they are designed as concrete elements that can be suspended between the formwork elements, in particular concrete balls, which are integrated into the walls when the formwork is poured out with concrete.
  • External formwork elements 1 are used to erect the lower floor, in principle conventional formwork panels, the height H of which corresponds to the lower floor height plus the thickness of the floor height. However, it is also possible to use external formwork elements whose height H 'corresponds to a multiple of the floor height h. These outer formwork elements 1 serve to form the outer walls 2 from the outside.
  • formwork 3 is used, which consists of panel-shaped formwork elements 4 and a balloon envelope 5 each.
  • the height of the formwork elements 4 does not have to correspond to the floor height h; it can be lower. They will usually be selected according to the type of room walls that are desired, since the room walls only run vertically up to the height of the formwork elements 4.
  • All formwork elements 1 and 3 described so far have at their lower end an L-shaped protruding mounting flange 6, in which mounting holes are provided for passing mounting screws 7.
  • the fastening screws 7 can be screwed into anchoring plugs 8, which are embedded in the foundation plate 9.
  • the balloon envelopes can consist of a flexible material such as rubber or plastic, a fabric insert preferably being provided, so that the balloon envelope is flexible but only extensible to a small extent.
  • an upper and a lower circumferential, bead-shaped holding tube 10 and 11 are formed on the balloon envelope 5.
  • the holding tubes 10 and 11 protrude from the outside of the balloon envelope and fit into grooves 12 and 13 formed on the inside of the formwork elements 4, on their upper edge or in the lower region.
  • the grooves 12 and 13 have undercuts 14 on their edge, which engage behind the holding tubes 10 and 11 as soon as the holding tubes 12 and 13 have been inserted into the grooves and inflated (see FIG. 3).
  • the holding tubes 10 are connected to a blower or a compressor (not shown here) for the purpose of inflation.
  • the supply lines can be placed through window or door openings, which are also not shown here.
  • the balloon envelopes 5 are also connected to feed lines to a blower or a compressor.
  • the upper room formwork 15 consist of open cuboid boxes, which are provided with a floor. These upper formworks are expediently designed as a body having a floor, so that they do not have to be assembled from individual parts on the construction site. At the upper edge of the room formwork, these have angled vertical fastening flanges 16 with which the room formwork 15 can be screwed together and with the outer formwork elements 1. To after pouring the walls to be able to remove the upper room formwork 15 more easily, they can taper slightly downwards so that they can simply be pulled out after the building has been built.
  • spacers 17 in the form of concrete balls 18 are also provided, which can be suspended between the formwork elements, as will be described later.
  • the foundation plate 9 is erected, at the same time the anchoring dowels 8 provided for the attachment of the formwork elements are let in. Then the formwork elements 4 are screwed to the intended anchoring dowels, so that the spaces are surrounded by the formwork elements 4 in the lower floor area. Then the balloon sleeves 5 are attached in the spaces surrounded by the formwork elements 4 by first inserting the sleeves with their upper holding hose into the upper groove 12 of the formwork elements 4 and then with the lower holding hose 11 into the lower groove 13. Then the holding tubes 10 and 11 are pressurized with compressed air via a compressor, so that the balloon envelope is held in the grooves 12 and 13 in a form-fitting manner. The outer formwork elements are then screwed to the foundation plate in the same way.
  • horizontal iron reinforcement 19 can be inserted for the floor slabs. If necessary, must also for the outer formwork elements 1 horizontal tension rods 20 are retracted. In the same way, it is also possible to provide vertical iron 21 between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1, which support the iron reinforcement 9 from below (see FIG. 2). The concrete balls 18 are then hung on the horizontal tie rods 20 so that they extend between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1.
  • the upper room formwork 15 with its fastening flange is screwed onto the outer formwork elements 1 by means of screws 22, whereby between the room formwork 15 and the outer formwork elements 1 further concrete balls 18 can be attached to the screws 22, which keep the room formwork 15 at a distance in their lower area.
  • the balloon sleeves 5 of the lower casing are inflated by means of a blower or a compressor until they have the shape shown in FIG. 1. Then the spaces between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1 are filled with concrete. As soon as the concrete level has arrived above the balloon envelopes 5 and in the area of the bottom of the upper room formwork 15, one starts to fill the upper room formwork 15 with water 23 in order to reduce the load on the screw connections 22 or to prevent the upper room formwork 15 from floating . When the formwork is filled to below the fastening flanges 16 of the upper room formwork 15, the concrete is allowed to harden.
  • the upper formwork 15 can be lifted upwards, for example by means of a crane, the water 23 being pumped out beforehand.
  • the outer formwork elements 21 can also be easily removed to the outside after loosening the fastening screws 7 become.
  • the air must first be released from the balloon envelopes 5 and from the holding tubes 10 and 11.
  • the balloon envelope 5 then collapses, after which the holding tubes 10 and 11 can be pulled out of the grooves 12 and 13.
  • the collapsed balloon envelope 5 can then be made to the outside through window or door openings.
  • the formwork elements 4 can also be removed individually through the door or window opening.
  • sealing strips 24 can still be attached under the fastening flanges 6 of the formwork elements 4 or 1 if the surface of the foundation plate is so rough that penetration of concrete would have to be feared.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In order, in a construction, especially a dwelling or holiday house, to be able to cast the walls and the intermediate floor situated above in one step from concrete without having to attach a separate ceiling form after erection of the walls, it is proposed to use for each room of the construction a room form consisting of a plurality of assembled form elements (4) which bound the room and of an inflatable balloon envelope (5) which is arranged in this room. After inflating the balloon envelope, the latter completely fills the room surrounded by the form elements (4) and covers it in the manner of a dome. If a formwork erected in this way is filled with concrete, the wall surfaces of the rooms are defined by the form elements (4), whereas the ceiling surface is formed by the dome-like balloon envelope. The external form elements (1) are for this purpose at least as high as the storey height plus the thickness of the intermediate floor. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Raumschaluung zum Erstellen eines zumindest eingeschossigen Gebäudes, mit zumindest um die Dicke der späteren Geschoßdecke höheren Außenschalungselementen für die Außenwände und einer im Inneren eines durch die Außenschalungselemente gebildeten Raum anzuordnenden, aufblasbaren Ballonhülle, deren Höhe im aufgeblasenen Zustand im wesentlichen der Raumhöhe entspricht.The invention relates to a room evaluation for creating an at least one-storey building, with outer formwork elements for the outer walls that are at least higher by the thickness of the later floor ceiling and an inflatable balloon envelope to be arranged inside a space formed by the outer formwork elements, the height of which in the inflated state essentially corresponds to that Corresponds to the room height.

Aus der US-A-23 24 554 ist bereits ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem unter Verwendung einer aufblasbaren Ballonhülle Schalungselemente in Position gehalten werden. Ferner ist aus der FR-A-24 16 320 bereits bekannt, ein mehrgeschossiges Haus mit übereinander angeordneten Raumschalungen in einem Zuge monolithisch aus Beton herzustellen. Beide Verfahren sind verhältnismäßig aufwendig, da geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen werden müssen, um zu verhindern, daß die Raumschalungen aufschwimmen.From US-A-23 24 554 a method is already known in which formwork elements are held in position using an inflatable balloon envelope. Furthermore, it is already known from FR-A-24 16 320 to produce a multi-storey house with concrete formwork arranged one above the other in one go. Both methods are relatively complex since suitable measures must be taken to prevent the room formwork from floating up.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Raumschalung zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit der die monolithische Herstellung der Wände und der Decke eines zumindest eingeschossigen Gebäudes auf besonders einfache Weise möglich ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a room formwork with which the monolithic production of the walls and the ceiling of an at least one-storey building is possible in a particularly simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß mit Abstand zu den Außenschalungselementen anzuordnende Innenschalungselemente vorgesehen sind, deren Höhe geringer ist als die der aufgeblasenen Ballonhülle, daß im Bereich der Oberkante der Innenschalungselemente eine horizontal verlaufende Nut ausgebildet ist, und daß die Ballonhülle mit einem umlaufenden, wulstförmigen, aufblasbaren Halteschlauch ausgebildet ist, dessen Querschnitt dem der Nut der Innenschalungselemente angepaßt ist, wobei bei zusammengebauter Raumschalung der Halteschlauch in die Nut der Innenschalungselemente eingelegt ist, damit die Ballonhülle den durch die Innenschalungselemente umstellten Raum haubenartig und abgedichtet abdeckt.This object is achieved in that inner formwork elements to be arranged at a distance from the outer formwork elements are provided, the height of which is lower is that of the inflated balloon envelope that a horizontally extending groove is formed in the area of the upper edge of the inner formwork elements, and that the balloon envelope is formed with a circumferential, bead-shaped, inflatable holding hose, the cross section of which is adapted to that of the groove of the inner formwork elements, with assembled room formwork the holding hose is inserted into the groove of the inner formwork elements so that the balloon envelope covers the space enclosed by the inner formwork elements in a hood-like and sealed manner.

Durch diese Kombination von Innenschalungselementen mit der Ballonhülle ist eine Raumschalung geschaffen, die sich beim Ausgießen der Hohlräume mit Beton sehr unkritisch verhält. Die Innenschalungselemente können am Fundament des Gebäudes verankert sein, wodurch indirekt auch die Ballonhülle gehalten ist. Zwar ist es auch bei diesen Raumschalungen vorteilhaft, wenn die Ballonhülle mit einer verhältnismäßig schweren Flüssigkeit befüllt wird; für das Arbeitsergebnis ist es jedoch nicht besonders kritisch, wenn der Flüssigkeitsspiegel in der Ballonhülle der Füllhöhe des Betons nicht genau angepaßt ist. Durch die Kombination von Innenschalungselementen und Ballonhülle lassen sich Räume herstellen, die glatte Wände, aber eine gewölbte Decke aufweisen. Eine solche Deckenwölbung ist bei vielen hochwertigeren Bauten erwünscht und mußte früher durch nachträgliches Aufbringen von Stuckgips erreicht werden. Der in die Nut der Schalungselemente einlegbare Halteschlauch kann einfach wieder entfernt werden, indem der Druck in dem Halteschlauch vermindert wird. Das Aufblasen des Halteschlauchs bewirkt außerdem eine wirksame Abdichtung zwischen Ballon und Innenschalung, die das Eindringen von Beton zwischen Schalung und Ballon verhindert.This combination of interior formwork elements with the balloon envelope creates a room formwork that behaves very uncritically when the cavities are poured out with concrete. The inner formwork elements can be anchored to the foundation of the building, which indirectly also holds the balloon envelope. It is also advantageous with these room formworks if the balloon envelope is filled with a relatively heavy liquid; However, it is not particularly critical for the work result if the liquid level in the balloon envelope is not exactly adapted to the filling level of the concrete. The combination of interior formwork elements and balloon envelope enables rooms to be created that have smooth walls but a vaulted ceiling. Such a vaulted ceiling is desirable in many high-quality buildings and previously had to be achieved by applying plaster of Paris later. The holding hose that can be inserted into the groove of the formwork elements can be removed again simply by reducing the pressure in the holding hose. Inflating the holding tube also creates an effective seal between the balloon and the inner formwork, which prevents concrete from penetrating between the formwork and the balloon.

Obgleich man die Schalungselemente an ihrer Unterkante auch mit einer Dichtung versehen kann, wird man bevorzugterweise an den Ballons einen zweiten, umlaufenden, wulstförmigen Halteschlauch und an den Schalungselementen in deren unteren Bereich eine weitere horizontale Nut vorsehen, in welcher der Halteschlauch in ähnlicher Weise wie der obere Halteschlauch eingesetzt und mit Druck beaufschlagt wird. Die Befestigung der Ballonhülle an der oberen Kante und am unteren Bereich der Schalungselemente hat den Vorteil, daß die Ballonhülle bereits vor dem Aufpumpen fixiert und ausreichend genau ausgerichtet ist, so daß sich während des Aufblasens des Ballons keine größeren Verschiebungen mehr ergeben.Although you can see the formwork elements on their lower edge too can be provided with a seal, a second, circumferential, bead-shaped holding tube is preferably provided on the balloons and a further horizontal groove is provided on the formwork elements in the lower region thereof, in which the holding tube is inserted and pressurized in a manner similar to the upper holding tube . The attachment of the balloon envelope to the upper edge and to the lower area of the formwork elements has the advantage that the balloon envelope is fixed and sufficiently precisely aligned before inflation, so that there are no major displacements during inflation of the balloon.

In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind die Nuten in den Schalungselementen mit Hinterschneidungen versehen, die von den Halteschläuchen in deren eingesetztem und aufgepumptem Zustand hintergriffen werden. Auf diese Weise werden die Halteschläuche nicht nur sicher in den Nuten gehalten; es wird auch eine Art Labyrinth-Dichtung gebildet, die das Eindringen von Beton zwischen die Ballonhüle und die Schalungselemente verhindert.In a particularly preferred manner, the grooves in the formwork elements are provided with undercuts which are engaged behind by the holding hoses in their inserted and inflated state. In this way, the holding tubes are not only held securely in the grooves; a kind of labyrinth seal is also formed, which prevents concrete from penetrating between the balloon sleeve and the formwork elements.

Ferner wird bevorzugt, wenn die Schalungselemente an ihrem unteren Ende einen L-förmigen, abgewinkelten Befestigungsflansch mit Schraublöchern zur Schraubbefestigung am Fundament aufweisen. Dies erleichtert die Montage der Schalungselemente beträchtlich, insbesondere wenn man bedenkt, daß relativ viele kleine Schalungselemente verwendet werden müssen, da die Schalungselemente nach Fertigstellung des Gebäudes nur noch durch Fenster- bzw. Türöffnungen entfernt werden können.It is further preferred if the formwork elements have at their lower end an L-shaped, angled fastening flange with screw holes for screw fastening to the foundation. This considerably facilitates the assembly of the formwork elements, especially when you consider that a relatively large number of small formwork elements must be used, since the formwork elements can only be removed through window or door openings after the building has been completed.

Ein mehrgeschossiges Haus läßt sich auf einfache Weise herstellen, wenn die Außenschalungselemente doppelte Geschoßhöhe aufweisen und wenn an den Außenschalungselementen mit Abstand oberhalb der Ballonhüllen der unteren Raumschalungen obere, mit einem Boden versehene Raumschalungen für das darüberliegende Stockwerk derart anbringbar sind, daß die Schalungszwischenräume bis etwa zur Oberkante der Außenschalungselemente mit Beton ausgießbar sind. Dabei können die oberen Raumschalungen aus oben offenen kubusbzw. quaderförmigen Wannen bestehen, die an ihrem Rand abgekröpfte Befestigungsflansche aufweisen, so daß die einzelnen Raumschalungen fest miteinander und mit den Außenschalungen verschraubt werden können. Diese oberen Raumschalungen können, um dem hydrostatischen Druck des Betons entgegenzuwirken, mit Wasser beschwert werden, das gleichzeitig mit dem Beton eingefüllt wird.A multi-storey house can be easily produced if the external formwork elements have double storey height and if the Outer formwork elements at a distance above the balloon envelopes of the lower room formworks, upper room formworks provided with a floor for the floor above can be attached in such a way that the formwork spaces can be poured with concrete up to approximately the upper edge of the outer formwork elements. The upper room formwork can be opened from the top open cube or cuboid troughs exist, which have bent mounting flanges on their edge, so that the individual room formwork can be screwed together and with the outer formwork. To counteract the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete, these upper formworks can be weighted with water, which is filled with the concrete at the same time.

Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung auch noch eine Raumschalung mit Abstandshaltern zum Auseinanderhalten der einzelnen Schalungswände, z.B. zweier benachbarter Raumschalungen oder einer Raumschalung und einer Außenschalung. Diese Abstandshalter zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie als zwischen die Schalungselemente einhängbare Betonelemente, insbesondere Betonkugeln ausgebildet sind, die beim Ausgießen der Schalungen mit Beton in die Wände integriert werden.Finally, the invention also relates to room formwork with spacers for holding the individual formwork walls apart, e.g. two adjacent room formwork or one room formwork and one outer formwork. These spacers are characterized in that they are designed as concrete elements that can be suspended between the formwork elements, in particular concrete balls, which are integrated into the walls when the formwork is poured out with concrete.

Im folgenden wird eine Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in einer schematischen Darstellung im Querschnitt ein fertig eingeschaltes Gebäude,
Fig. 2
in einer vergrößerten Ansicht das Detail II aus Fig. 1, und
Fig. 3
in einer weiter vergrößerten Ansicht das Detail III aus Fig. 2.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation in cross section of a completely switched-on building,
Fig. 2
in an enlarged view the detail II of FIG. 1, and
Fig. 3
in a further enlarged view, detail III from FIG. 2.

Zunächst werden die einzelnen Schalungselemente beschrieben, wonach dann das Verfahren zum Errichten des Gebäudes näher erläutert wird.First, the individual formwork elements are described, after which the method for erecting the building is explained in more detail.

Zum Errichten des unteren Stockwerkes werden Außenschalungselemente 1 verwendet, im Prinzip herkömmliche Schaltafeln, deren Höhe H der unteren Geschoßhöhe, zuzüglich der Stärke der Geschoßhöhe entspricht. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, Außenschalungselemente zu verwenden, deren Höhe H' gleich ein Mehrfaches der Geschoßhöhe h entspricht.
Diese Außenschalungselemente 1 dienen dazu, die Außenwände 2 von außen einzuschalen. Für die Räume des unteren Geschosses werden Raumschalungen 3 verwendet, die aus tafelförmigen Schalungselementen 4 und jeweils einer Ballonhülle 5 bestehen. Die Höhe der Schalungselemente 4 muß nicht der Geschoßhöhe h entsprechen; sie kann niedriger sein. Man wird sie in der Regel danach auswählen, welche Art Zimmerwände gewünscht ist, da die Zimmerwände nur bis zur Höhe der Schalungselemente 4 senkrecht verlaufen.External formwork elements 1 are used to erect the lower floor, in principle conventional formwork panels, the height H of which corresponds to the lower floor height plus the thickness of the floor height. However, it is also possible to use external formwork elements whose height H 'corresponds to a multiple of the floor height h.
These outer formwork elements 1 serve to form the outer walls 2 from the outside. For the rooms on the lower floor, formwork 3 is used, which consists of panel-shaped formwork elements 4 and a balloon envelope 5 each. The height of the formwork elements 4 does not have to correspond to the floor height h; it can be lower. They will usually be selected according to the type of room walls that are desired, since the room walls only run vertically up to the height of the formwork elements 4.

Alle bislang beschriebenen Schalungselemente 1 und 3 weisen an ihrem unteren Ende einen L-förmig abstehenden Befestigungsflansch 6 auf, in dem Befestigungslöcher zum Durchführen von Befestigungsschrauben 7 vorgesehen sind. Die Befestigungsschrauben 7 können in Verankerungsdübel 8 eingeschraubt werden, die in der Fundamentplatte 9 eingelassen sind.All formwork elements 1 and 3 described so far have at their lower end an L-shaped protruding mounting flange 6, in which mounting holes are provided for passing mounting screws 7. The fastening screws 7 can be screwed into anchoring plugs 8, which are embedded in the foundation plate 9.

In einer zur vorliegenden Patentanmeldung parallelen Anmeldung EP-A-0 480 295 desselben Anmelders, die an demselben Tag eingereicht worden ist, ist ein Verfahren beschrieben, wie die Dübel mittels einer Schablone in die noch weiche Fundamentplatte eingesetzt werden können. Auf diese Anmeldung wird zum Zwecke der Offenbarung Bezug genommen.In a parallel application to the present patent application EP-A-0 480 295 by the same applicant, which was filed on the same day, a method is described how the dowels can be inserted into the still soft foundation plate by means of a template. This application is referred to for the purpose of disclosure.

Die Ballonhüllen können aus einem flexiblen Material wie Gummi oder Kunststoff bestehen, wobei vorzugsweise eine Gewebeeinlage vorgesehen ist, so daß die Ballonhülle zwar flexibel, aber nur in geringem Ausmaß dehnbar ist.The balloon envelopes can consist of a flexible material such as rubber or plastic, a fabric insert preferably being provided, so that the balloon envelope is flexible but only extensible to a small extent.

Wie besonders gut aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, sind an der Ballonhülle 5 ein oberer und ein unterer umlaufender, wulstförmiger Halteschlauch 10 und 11 ausgebildet. Die Halteschläuche 10 und 11 stehen zur Außenseite der Ballonhülle ab und passen in auf der Innenseite der Schalungselmente 4, an deren oberen Rand bzw. im unteren Bereich ausgebildete Nuten 12 und 13 hinein. Die Nuten 12 und 13 weisen an ihrem Rand Hinterschneidungen 14 auf, die von den Halteschläuchen 10 und 11 hintergreifen werden, sobald die Halteschläuche 12 und 13 in die Nuten eingesetzt und aufgepumpt worden sind (vgl. Fig. 3).As can be seen particularly well from FIG. 2, an upper and a lower circumferential, bead-shaped holding tube 10 and 11 are formed on the balloon envelope 5. The holding tubes 10 and 11 protrude from the outside of the balloon envelope and fit into grooves 12 and 13 formed on the inside of the formwork elements 4, on their upper edge or in the lower region. The grooves 12 and 13 have undercuts 14 on their edge, which engage behind the holding tubes 10 and 11 as soon as the holding tubes 12 and 13 have been inserted into the grooves and inflated (see FIG. 3).

Die Halteschläuche 10 sind zum Zwecke des Aufpumpens mit einem hier nicht näher dargestellten Gebläse bzw. einem Kompressor verbunden. Die Zuführleitungen können durch hier ebenfalls nicht näher dargestellte Fenster- bzw. Türöffnungen gelegt werden. In gleicher Weise sind auch die Ballonhüllen 5 mit Zuleitungen zu einem Gebläse bzw. einem Kompressor verbunden.The holding tubes 10 are connected to a blower or a compressor (not shown here) for the purpose of inflation. The supply lines can be placed through window or door openings, which are also not shown here. In the same way, the balloon envelopes 5 are also connected to feed lines to a blower or a compressor.

Die oberen Raumschalungen 15 bestehen aus oben offenen quaderförmigen Kästen, die mit einem Boden versehen sind. Diese oberen Raumschalungen sind zweckmäßigerweise als ein einen Boden aufweisender Körper ausgebildet sind, so daß sie auf der Baustelle nicht aus einzelnen Teilen zusammengesetzt werden müssen. Am oberen Rand der Raumschalungen weisen diese abgekröpfte vertikale Befestigungsflansche 16 auf, mit denen die Raumschalungen 15 untereineinander und mit den Außenschalungselementen 1 verschraubt werden können. Um nach dem Ausgießen der Wände die oberen Raumschalungen 15 leichter entfernen zu können, können diese nach unten leicht konisch zulaufen, so daß sie nach Erstellung des Gebäudes einfach nach oben herausgezogen werden können.The upper room formwork 15 consist of open cuboid boxes, which are provided with a floor. These upper formworks are expediently designed as a body having a floor, so that they do not have to be assembled from individual parts on the construction site. At the upper edge of the room formwork, these have angled vertical fastening flanges 16 with which the room formwork 15 can be screwed together and with the outer formwork elements 1. To after pouring the walls to be able to remove the upper room formwork 15 more easily, they can taper slightly downwards so that they can simply be pulled out after the building has been built.

Um die Schalungselemente 1, 4 und auch die Raumschalungen 15 untereinander und zur Außenschalung auf Abstand zu halten, sind ferner Abstandshalter 17 in Form von Betonkugeln 18 vorgesehen, die zwischen die Schalungselemente eingehängt werden können, wie nachher noch beschrieben wird.In order to keep the formwork elements 1, 4 and also the space formwork 15 at a distance from one another and from the outer formwork, spacers 17 in the form of concrete balls 18 are also provided, which can be suspended between the formwork elements, as will be described later.

Im folgenden wird nun beschrieben, wie ein Gebäude mit Hilfe der oben beschriebenen Schalungselemente errichtet wird.The following describes how a building is constructed using the formwork elements described above.

Zunächst wird die Fundamentplatte 9 errichtet, wobei zugleich die für die Anbringung der Schalungselemente vorgesehenen Verankerungsdübel 8 eingelassen werden. Dann werden die Schalungselemente 4 an den vorgesehenen Verankerungsdübeln festgeschraubt, so daß im unteren Geschoßbereich die Räume von den Schalungselementen 4 umstellt sind. Dann werden die Ballonhüllen 5 in den durch die Schalungselemente 4 umstellten Räumen angebracht, indem man die Hüllen mit ihrem oberen Halteschlauch zunächst in die obere Nut 12 der Schalungselemente 4 und dann mit dem unteren Halteschlauch 11 in die untere Nut 13 einlegt. Dann werden die Halteschläuche 10 und 11 über einen Kompressor mit Druckluft beaufschlagt, so daß die Ballonhülle formschlüssig in den Nuten 12 und 13 gehalten ist. Anschließend werden die Außenschalungselmente in gleicher Weise mit der Fundamentplatte verschraubt. Nun kann für die Geschoßdecken noch eine horizontale Eisenbewehrung 19 eingelegt werden. Gegebenenfalls müssen für die Außenschalungselemente 1 auch noch horizontale Spannstäbe 20 eingezogen werden. In gleicher Weise ist es auch möglich, Vertikaleisen 21 zwischen den Schalungselementen 4 bzw. 4 und 1 vorzusehen, die die Eisenbewehrung 9 von unten abstützen (vgl. Fig. 2). An die horizontalen Spannstäbe 20 werden dann die Betonkugeln 18 gehängt, so daß sie zwischen die Schalungselemente 4 bzw. 4 und 1 reichen.First, the foundation plate 9 is erected, at the same time the anchoring dowels 8 provided for the attachment of the formwork elements are let in. Then the formwork elements 4 are screwed to the intended anchoring dowels, so that the spaces are surrounded by the formwork elements 4 in the lower floor area. Then the balloon sleeves 5 are attached in the spaces surrounded by the formwork elements 4 by first inserting the sleeves with their upper holding hose into the upper groove 12 of the formwork elements 4 and then with the lower holding hose 11 into the lower groove 13. Then the holding tubes 10 and 11 are pressurized with compressed air via a compressor, so that the balloon envelope is held in the grooves 12 and 13 in a form-fitting manner. The outer formwork elements are then screwed to the foundation plate in the same way. Now horizontal iron reinforcement 19 can be inserted for the floor slabs. If necessary, must also for the outer formwork elements 1 horizontal tension rods 20 are retracted. In the same way, it is also possible to provide vertical iron 21 between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1, which support the iron reinforcement 9 from below (see FIG. 2). The concrete balls 18 are then hung on the horizontal tie rods 20 so that they extend between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1.

Dann werden an den Außenschalungselementen 1 die oberen Raumschalungen 15 mit ihrem Befestigungsflansch mittels Schrauben 22 angeschraubt, wobei zwischen den Raumschalungen 15 und den Außenschalungselementen 1 an den Schrauben 22 weitere Betonkugeln 18 angehängt werden können, die die Raumschalungen 15 in ihrem unteren Bereich auf Abstand halten.Then the upper room formwork 15 with its fastening flange is screwed onto the outer formwork elements 1 by means of screws 22, whereby between the room formwork 15 and the outer formwork elements 1 further concrete balls 18 can be attached to the screws 22, which keep the room formwork 15 at a distance in their lower area.

Wenn die Verschalung so weit errichtet ist, werden die Ballonhüllen 5 der unteren Verschalungen mittels eines Gebläses oder eines Kompressors aufgepumpt ist, bis sie die aus Fig. 1 ersichtliche Form aufweisen. Dann werden die Zwischenräume zwischen den Schalungselementen 4 bzw. 4 und 1 mit Beton ausgefüllt. Sobald der Betonspiegel oberhalb der Ballonhüllen 5 und im Bereich des Bodens der oberen Raumschalungen 15 angekommen ist, beginnt man, die oberen Raumschalungen 15 mit Wasser 23 zu befüllen, um die Belastung der Schraubverbindungen 22 zu verringern bzw. ein Aufschwimmen der oberen Raumschalungen 15 zu vermeiden. Wenn die Verschalung bis unterhalb der Befestigungsflansche 16 der oberen Raumschalungen 15 gefüllt ist, läßt man den Beton aushärten. Anschließend können die oberen Raumschalungen 15 nach Lösen der Schraubverbindungen 22 nach oben, z.B. mittels eines Krans, herausgehoben werden, wobei man vorher das Wasser 23 abpumpen würde. Die Außenschalungselemente 21 können ebenfalls nach Lösen der Befestigungsschrauben 7 einfach nach außen abgenommen werden.When the casing is erected so far, the balloon sleeves 5 of the lower casing are inflated by means of a blower or a compressor until they have the shape shown in FIG. 1. Then the spaces between the formwork elements 4 or 4 and 1 are filled with concrete. As soon as the concrete level has arrived above the balloon envelopes 5 and in the area of the bottom of the upper room formwork 15, one starts to fill the upper room formwork 15 with water 23 in order to reduce the load on the screw connections 22 or to prevent the upper room formwork 15 from floating . When the formwork is filled to below the fastening flanges 16 of the upper room formwork 15, the concrete is allowed to harden. Then, after loosening the screw connections 22, the upper formwork 15 can be lifted upwards, for example by means of a crane, the water 23 being pumped out beforehand. The outer formwork elements 21 can also be easily removed to the outside after loosening the fastening screws 7 become.

Zum Entfernen der Raumschalungen 3 muß zunächst die Luft aus den Ballonhüllen 5 und aus den Halteschläuchen 10 und 11 abgelassen werden. Die Ballonhülle 5 kollabiert dann, wonach die Halteschläuche 10 und 11 aus den Nuten 12 und 13 herausgezogen werden können. Die kollabierte Ballonhülle 5 kann dann durch Fenster- bzw. Türöffnungen nach außen geschafft werden. Nach Lösen der Befestigungsschrauben 7 können auch die Schalungselemente 4 einzeln durch die Tür- bzw. Fensteröffnung entfernt werden.To remove the formwork 3, the air must first be released from the balloon envelopes 5 and from the holding tubes 10 and 11. The balloon envelope 5 then collapses, after which the holding tubes 10 and 11 can be pulled out of the grooves 12 and 13. The collapsed balloon envelope 5 can then be made to the outside through window or door openings. After loosening the fastening screws 7, the formwork elements 4 can also be removed individually through the door or window opening.

Nun muß lediglich noch ein Dachstuhl auf das obere Stockwerk aufgesetzt werden, wonach dann das Haus im Rohbau fertig ist.Now all you have to do is place a roof truss on the upper floor, after which the building shell is finished.

Nachzutragen bleibt noch, daß man unter den Befestigungsflanschen 6 der Schalungselemente 4 bzw. 1 noch Dichtstreifen 24 anbringen kann, falls die Oberfläche der Fundamentplatte so rauh ist, daß ein Eindringen von Beton zu befürchten wäre.It remains to be added that sealing strips 24 can still be attached under the fastening flanges 6 of the formwork elements 4 or 1 if the surface of the foundation plate is so rough that penetration of concrete would have to be feared.

Obgleich das Verfahren so beschrieben wurde, daß der Beton in einem Zug in die Schalung eingebracht wird, wäre es auch denkbar, daß man die Schalung sukzessive mit Beton verfüllt, wobei man zur Verminderung des statischen Druckes den Beton in den unteren Bereichen bereits abbinden läßt, bevor weiter aufgefüllt wird.Although the method has been described in such a way that the concrete is introduced into the formwork in one go, it would also be conceivable for the formwork to be successively filled with concrete, with the concrete already being set in the lower areas to reduce the static pressure, before filling up further.

Ferner ist es auch möglich, an den Betonkugeln 18 Kerben 25 anzubringen, in welche z.B. Versorgungsleitungen eingelegt werden können, bevor die Schalungen mit Beton ausgegossen werden. Auf diese Weise werden die Versorgungsleitungen stets im nötigen Abstand zu den Wandoberflächen gehalten.Furthermore, it is also possible to make notches 25 on the concrete balls 18, into which e.g. Supply lines can be inserted before the formwork is poured with concrete. In this way, the supply lines are always kept at the necessary distance from the wall surfaces.

Claims (6)

  1. Three-dimensional shuttering for erecting an at least single-storey building, having exterior shuttering elements (1) which are higher at least by the thickness of the subsequent intermediate floor and are intended for the exterior walls, and having an inflatable balloon envelope (5) which is to be arranged in the interior of a room formed by the exterior shuttering elements (1) and the height of which, in the inflated state, corresponds essentially to the room height of the storey, characterized in that provision is made for interior shuttering elements (4) which are to be arranged at a distance from the exterior shuttering elements (1) and the height of which is smaller than that of the inflated balloon envelope (5), in that a horizontally running groove (12) is configured in the region of the upper edge of the interior shuttering elements (4), and in that the balloon envelope (5) is configured with an encircling, inflatable retaining hose (10) which is in the form of beads and the cross-section of which is adapted to that of the groove (12) of the interior shuttering elements (4), said retaining hose (10) being inserted, when the three-dimensional shuttering is fitted together, into the groove (12) of the interior shuttering elements (4) in order that the balloon envelope (5) covers the room, enclosed by the interior shuttering elements (4), in a shroud-like and sealed manner.
  2. Three-dimensional shuttering according to Claim 1, characterized in that a second, encircling and inflatable retaining hose (11) in the form of beads is provided on the balloon envelope, and in that a further horizontal groove (13) for the introduction of the second retaining hose (11) is provided on the shuttering elements, in the lower region thereof.
  3. Three-dimensional shuttering according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the groove (12, 13) exhibits undercuts (14) which the retaining hose (10, 11), when it is pumped up and introduced into the groove, engages behind.
  4. Three-dimensional shuttering according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shuttering elements (4, 1) exhibit, at their lower end, a fastening flange (6) which is angled-off in the form of an L and has screw holes for the screw fastening on the foundation (9).
  5. Three-dimensional shuttering according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exterior shuttering elements (1) are double the storey height (H'), and in that, above the inflated balloon envelope (5), a three-dimensional shuttering (15) for the storey above may be fitted such that the shuttering interspaces can be cast with concrete as far as approximately the upper edge of the exterior shuttering elements.
  6. Three-dimensional shuttering according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that provision is made for spacers (17) which can be suspended between adjacent shuttering walls and comprise concrete elements, in particular concrete spheres (18).
EP91116805A 1990-10-04 1991-10-01 Forms for rooms as a whole, for making constructions with at least one level Expired - Lifetime EP0479263B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4031406 1990-10-04
DE4031406A DE4031406A1 (en) 1990-10-04 1990-10-04 METHOD FOR CREATING AN AT LEAST ONE-STOREY BUILDING

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EP0479263A1 EP0479263A1 (en) 1992-04-08
EP0479263B1 true EP0479263B1 (en) 1995-01-18

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EP91116805A Expired - Lifetime EP0479263B1 (en) 1990-10-04 1991-10-01 Forms for rooms as a whole, for making constructions with at least one level

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DE (2) DE4031406A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19815520A1 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Kesting Fertiggaragen Und Haus Prefabricated construction room space units such as garages
GB9914158D0 (en) * 1999-06-18 1999-08-18 Controlled Variable Buoyancy S A coupling device
GB0001039D0 (en) * 2000-01-17 2000-03-08 Abbey Pyneford Holdings Plc Improvements relating to foundation rafts
ITVR20020066A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-12 Al Fer S R L COMPENSATION DEVICE APPLICABLE ON STRUCTURAL BEAMS, FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS, SLABS OR SIMILAR, SUITABLE FOR COMPENSATING NATURAL SICKINGS AND
ITCR20090026A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-02 Ezio Ferrari INFLATABLE BAG FOR THE REALIZATION OF VOLUMETRIC AND / OR SAGOMA DIMENSIONS.
GB2473017B (en) * 2009-08-27 2014-10-29 Jolyon Eric Emery Inflatable dome structure
US9611662B2 (en) * 2014-06-11 2017-04-04 Nicoló Bini Anchoring mechanisms for a Binishell

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2324554A (en) * 1940-08-12 1943-07-20 Vacuum Concrete Inc Building construction
FR1489329A (en) * 1966-08-09 1967-07-21 Method for erecting buildings consisting mainly of a one-piece load-bearing structure, equipment for carrying out this method, and building thus obtained
CH612719A5 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-15 Hans Egli Process for erecting the carcass for a house, carcass produced by the process and use of the same
US4550544A (en) * 1983-08-17 1985-11-05 Thoeny Theodore T Method for forming structures

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EP0479263A1 (en) 1992-04-08
ATE117401T1 (en) 1995-02-15
DE59104313D1 (en) 1995-03-02
DE4031406A1 (en) 1992-04-09

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