EP0473061B1 - Arbres à cames pour moteurs à combustion - Google Patents

Arbres à cames pour moteurs à combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0473061B1
EP0473061B1 EP91114051A EP91114051A EP0473061B1 EP 0473061 B1 EP0473061 B1 EP 0473061B1 EP 91114051 A EP91114051 A EP 91114051A EP 91114051 A EP91114051 A EP 91114051A EP 0473061 B1 EP0473061 B1 EP 0473061B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
distinguishing feature
driving part
functional part
functional
camshaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91114051A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0473061A3 (en
EP0473061A2 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Wizemann
Peter Dr.-Ing. Peppler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAHLE-J. WIZEMANN GMBH & CO. KG
Original Assignee
Mahle-J Wizemann & Co KG GmbH
Wizemann J GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle-J Wizemann & Co KG GmbH, Wizemann J GmbH and Co filed Critical Mahle-J Wizemann & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP0473061A2 publication Critical patent/EP0473061A2/fr
Publication of EP0473061A3 publication Critical patent/EP0473061A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0473061B1 publication Critical patent/EP0473061B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camshaft for internal combustion engines, with a functional part having functional elements and a drive part held on the functional part, the drive part and the functional part being separate parts and the drive part being joined to the functional part by welding in the region of end faces.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a shaft for internal combustion engines from a functional part having functional elements and a drive part held on the functional part, the drive part and the functional part being produced as separate parts and the drive part being butt-joined to the functional part by welding at the end.
  • DE-A-33 46 056 discloses a camshaft for internal combustion engines with a functional part having functional elements.
  • the camshaft according to this document is made by friction welding, but by friction welding between steel parts.
  • DE-PS 36 44 577 discloses a friction welding process between steel and cast iron, but generally a cast iron with a ferritic matrix.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a camshaft of the generic type and a manufacturing method for such a shaft with regard to its component strength.
  • the solution according to the invention also has the great advantage that the drive part can be manufactured separately from the functional part in any shape by appropriate shaping processing and the final shaft is then produced by welding to the functional part. This also means that the shape of the drive part does not need to be considered.
  • the choice of material for the drive part is free.
  • the functional part can be produced from the material according to the invention, which is suitable for this function, and the drive part can be made from a second material, which is suitable for this function, so that, in addition to function optimization, for example an improvement in component strength and / or a weight saving in the shaft according to the invention are possible.
  • the solution according to the invention also offers the advantage of producing the functional part according to production process steps which result in gray cast iron with a ferritic-pearlitic or a purely pearlitic MAtrix, and to weld the drive part to one another according to other production process steps and both according to these different process steps and only to the last processing steps the whole wave.
  • the functional part and the drive part can be designed essentially without considering the other part.
  • the welding of the drive part to the functional part can basically be done in a variety of ways. For example, laser welding or electron beam welding is possible.
  • the drive part is connected to the functional part by a friction weld, since then the alignment of the drive part to the functional part and the total length of the two can already be defined in a defined manner by the friction welding process and misalignments between them can thus be avoided.
  • the drive part it is also possible for the drive part to be joined to the functional part by means of an arc weld with a circumferential arc.
  • Arc welding with a circumferential arc is also a welding technique which avoids misalignments, for example due to uneven heating and asymmetrical shrinking of the drive part and functional part, in that the circumferential arc results in a very uniform welding.
  • the drive part comprises a drive flange.
  • the drive flange is designed as a drive wheel, which is easily possible in terms of machining in the shaft constructed according to the invention despite the use of gray cast iron with a ferritic-pearlitic or purely pearlitic matrix for the functional part.
  • the drive part comprises a connecting piece with which it can be welded to the functional part.
  • the drive part has an axially penetrating central recess, which preferably from the side of the drive flange or of the drive wheel penetrates into the drive part.
  • the drive part has a receptacle for an axial bearing for the shaft.
  • This receptacle can be produced in a particularly cost-effective manner on the drive part by allowing the drive part to be shaped independently of the functional part.
  • the receptacle is preferably designed such that it has an annular surface and in particular also a cylindrical surface on which the axial bearing is supported.
  • the drive part can be produced independently of the functional part, the possibility is created in the solution according to the invention that the drive part is made of steel despite a functional part made of gray cast iron with a ferritic-pearlitic or purely pearlitic matrix.
  • the drive part is made of structural steel.
  • the production of the drive part from temperable steel or case hardening steel or nitriding steel is particularly advantageous. With such steels, the component properties of parts of the drive part can be optimized in a simple manner, regardless of the functional part, since joining only takes place after such treatments, in particular heat treatments.
  • the drive part is made from gray cast iron.
  • a gray cast iron with spheroidal graphite is preferably used. It would be conceivable to design the drive part as remelt-hardened spheroidal graphite.
  • this gray cast iron is cast iron free of cast iron.
  • This gray cast iron of the functional part is advantageously a gray cast iron with spheroidal graphite.
  • gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, preferably with fine lamellar graphite and particularly preferably with D-graphite.
  • the functional part is transformation hardened or in particular remelt hardened.
  • the functional part As an alternative to producing the functional part as a remelt-hardened part, it is also favorable if the functional part is made of chilled cast iron.
  • the functional part can be designed, for example, as a mono part or as a part composed of several elements.
  • the shaft is produced by friction welding between the drive part and the functional part, there is the possibility of butt-welding these two against one another as a full cross-section.
  • the functional part has a hollow end facing the drive part, in which case the drive part is also preferably provided with the central recess, so that ring surfaces are welded to one another.
  • the functional part has a blind hole facing the drive part.
  • the functional part has a hollow end facing away from the drive part, or it is also possible with extreme weight savings that the functional part has a recess penetrating it in the axial direction.
  • the shaft is a camshaft and the functional part is a cam part thereof, the functional elements then being formed by the cams.
  • the above-mentioned object according to the invention is also achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction in that the functional part is made of gray cast iron with a ferritic-pearlitic or a purely pearlitic matrix.
  • the drive part is connected to the functional part by a friction weld.
  • the drive part In the manufacture of the drive part, it is expedient if it is pre-machined before welding.
  • the drive part is manufactured from a blank by forming (forging or extrusion) and then additionally pre-processed.
  • the preprocessing includes preprocessing of receiving surfaces for the welding, so that the latter can take place with a defined alignment of the drive part to the functional part.
  • a cylinder surface and an end face surface are preferably pre-machined on the drive part, which together allow a clear alignment of the drive part.
  • the surfaces are pre-machined to an intermediate dimension so that these surfaces undergo a revision to the final dimension during the finishing process.
  • Machining pre-machining of the drive part is advantageous, with the possibility being given in particular of pre-machining the drive part to give shape on both sides.
  • the method according to the invention has the great advantage that prior to welding, the central recess axially penetrating the drive part is machined by broaching, in particular considering the machining of an internal form-locking element .
  • a preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the drive part is finished to shape after welding, since the shaft according to the invention as a whole can then be held in corresponding receptacles for finishing.
  • the drive part may be machined at least partially to give shape before welding.
  • the functional part is finished by a receptacle on the finished drive part, for example between tips.
  • the procedure is preferably such that the drive part is finished after welding by an additional mounting of the shaft on the functional part, for example between tips.
  • a preferred procedure provides that the functional part is machined after being attached to the drive part, this machining being in particular a finishing process in which at least the functional part is preferably machined, for example, finished.
  • These receiving surfaces are in particular cylindrical surfaces that are pre-machined to a predetermined size.
  • These cylindrical surfaces either comprise a specially provided clamping surface on the functional part and / or a later bearing surface on the functional part, in which case the bearing surface is preferably pre-machined to an intermediate dimension.
  • the functional part pre-machined, for example pre-ground, to a large extent by machining before being attached to the drive part.
  • a first exemplary embodiment of a shaft according to the invention designed as a camshaft, comprises a cam part, designated as a whole as 10, on which cams 12 are formed.
  • This cam part is preferably made of nodular gray cast iron in the form of chilled cast iron.
  • a drive part designated as a whole by 16 is held on the cam part 10 by a welded connection 14 and has a drive flange 18 to which a drive wheel 20 can be fastened. From this drive flange extends in the direction of the cam part a connection piece designated as a whole with 22, which is integrally formed on the drive flange 18 and extends to the welded connection 14.
  • This connector comprises a receptacle, designated as a whole by 24, for an axial bearing of the camshaft, which has a cylindrical surface 26 and two annular surfaces 28 and 30 which are opposite and delimiting the cylindrical surface 26.
  • the drive part 16 as shown in FIG. 2, comprises a central recess 32, which extends coaxially to an axis 34 of the drive part 16, from the side of the drive flange 18 to the welded connection 14.
  • the drive flange is connected the recess 32 is provided with a toothing 36 serving as an internal positive locking element, into which, for example, additional units for the camshaft, preferably a cam adjustment with counter positive locking elements, can be inserted.
  • the recess 32 is followed by an end-side recess 38 of the cam part, which extends coaxially to an axis of rotation 40 into a front end of the cam part 10, designated as a whole as 42, to a bottom 44 which closes the end-side recess 38.
  • the end recess 38 preferably has the same diameter as the recess 32.
  • the drive part 16 and the cam part 10 are aligned coaxially with one another so that the axes 34 and 40 coincide.
  • the drive part 16 is in turn preferably made of tempered structural steel and welded to the cam part 10 by means of friction welding, the drive part 16 and the cam part being butted towards one another End faces 40 and 50 are pressed against one another and welded, and a weld bead 46, which surrounds the weld connection 14, is produced.
  • a clamping surface 52 which is close to the end face 50 and which is machined to a clamping diameter before the friction welding.
  • the cam part 10 also has bearing surfaces 54, a bearing surface, for example the bearing surface 54a, also being pre-machined to an intermediate diameter in order to obtain an additional surface for tensioning the cam part 10 for friction welding.
  • the clamping surface 52 and the bearing surface 54a are machined by receiving the cam part 10 between tips at the front end 42 and a rear end 56.
  • the drive part 16 is pre-machined to an intermediate dimension in the area of its drive flange 18 and an end face 58 thereof, so that the drive part 16 for friction welding can be received by means of the end face 58 and the drive flange 18.
  • the cam part 10 is produced from unalloyed spheroidal graphite cast iron with a pearlitic matrix, the spheroidal graphite cast iron having the following composition: C 2.90 - 3.90% Si 1.20 - 2.60% Mn 0.10 - 1.20% P 0.04 - 0.10% S 0.005 - 0.015% Cr 0.05 - 0.50% Cu 0.25 - 1.00%, and wherein the carbide-stabilizing trace elements, such as bismuth, tin, selenium, tellurium, antimony, molybdenum, vanadium and titanium, have a total concentration of more than 0.15%.
  • the carbide-stabilizing trace elements such as bismuth, tin, selenium, tellurium, antimony, molybdenum, vanadium and titanium, have a total concentration of more than 0.15%.
  • the structure comprises alloyed or unalloyed gray cast iron with a ferritic-pearlitic or purely pearlitic matrix, preferably alloyed with Mo and Ni in order to provide the functional part with a bainitic matrix by means of a suitable heat treatment before the friction welding.
  • cam part 10 is produced from spheroidal graphite cast iron with a pearlitic matrix
  • the spherical graphite cast iron having the following composition: C 3.60 - 3.90% Si 1.90 - 2.60% Mn 0.10 - 0.50% P 0.04 - 0.10% S 0.005 - 0.015% Cr 0.05 - 0.15% Cu 0.25 - 0.50%, and wherein the carbide-stabilizing trace elements such as bismuth, tin, selenium, tellurium, antimony, molybdenum, vanadium and titanium have a total concentration of more than 0.15%.
  • FIG. 3 insofar as it has the same parts as the first exemplary embodiment, the same reference numerals are used, so that reference can be made to the statements relating to the first exemplary embodiment in this regard.
  • a drive wheel 20 is formed directly on the connecting piece 22, so that the drive part 16 itself has the drive wheel 20 directly.
  • Both exemplary embodiments are preferably produced in such a way that the cam part 10 is cast and the drive part 16 is pre-machined by machining. This pre-machined drive part 16 and the cast cam part 10 are then connected to one another by the friction welding, the weld bead 46 being formed.
  • the cam part in particular the bearing surfaces and then the cams, are first machined by being picked up between tips and using the usual known grinding methods, so that the cam part 10 is in its final ground form.
  • the final machining of the drive part 16 is carried out by overturning or grinding, in particular the axial bearing thereof, so that finally the camshaft is in the finished state, in which all dimensions have the same tolerances as in one out of one Piece of cast and machined known camshaft.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a camshaft according to the invention is produced as follows: After the cam part 10 has been produced, for example as a hard shell casting, it is cut to length and pre-machined with a centering at the end 56 and provided with an auxiliary center at the end 42. Subsequently, the cam part is picked up between tips and pre-machined to produce the clamping surface 52 to a defined dimension and pre-machined the bearing surface 54a to an intermediate diameter that is larger than the later diameter of the bearing surface 54. This pre-machining of the clamping surface and the Bearing surface 54a by grinding.
  • the end 42 is machined to a defined length and a desired diameter of the bore 38.
  • the drive part 16 is also pre-machined in the region of the flange 18 and its end face 58, both being pre-machined to an intermediate dimension.
  • the bore 32 and the internal toothing 36 are machined.
  • the drive wheel 20 is also machined before the friction welding.
  • the drive part 16 is clamped in the region of the axial bearing 24 for the purpose of friction welding.
  • the camshaft now present as a finished part, is received at the rear end 56 and the drive part 16 in the previously produced centers between tips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (40)

  1. Arbre à cames pour moteurs à combustion interne comportant une partie fonctionnelle (10) présentant des éléments fonctionnels (12) et une partie entraînement (16) fixée à la partie fonctionnelle, la partie entraînement (16) et la partie fonctionnelle (10) étant des parties séparées et la partie entraînement (16) étant fixée à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage au niveau des faces,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte grise et présente une matrice ferrito-perlitique ou purement perlitique.
  2. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est soudée à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage par friction.
  3. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est soudée à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage à l'arc avec un arc rotatif.
  4. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) comporte une bride d'entraînement (18).
  5. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la bride d'entraînement est conçue comme une roue d'entraînement (20).
  6. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) comporte un embout de raccordement (22) par lequel elle peut être soudée à la partie fonctionnelle (10).
  7. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) présente un évidement central (32) pénétrant axialement dans celle-ci.
  8. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement central (32) présente un élément à fermeture géométrique intérieure (36).
  9. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) présente un logement (24) pour une butée d'arbre.
  10. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en acier.
  11. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en acier de construction.
  12. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en acier apte à la trempe et au revenu.
  13. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en acier de cémentation.
  14. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en acier pour nitruration.
  15. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en fonte grise.
  16. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est réalisée en fonte grise à graphite sphéroïdal.
  17. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte grise à graphite sphéroïdal.
  18. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte grise à graphite finement lamellaire.
  19. Arbre à cames selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte grise à graphite D.
  20. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte grise apte à la trempe de transformation.
  21. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en fonte moulée trempée en surface.
  22. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est réalisée en un seul élément.
  23. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est constituée de plusieurs éléments.
  24. Arbre à cames selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) présente une extrémité creuse dirigée vers la partie entraînement (16).
  25. Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre pour moteurs a combustion interne constitué d'une partie fonctionnelle (10) présentant des éléments fonctionnels (12) et d'une partie entraînement (16) fixée à la partie fonctionnelle (10), la partie entraînement (16) et la partie fonctionnelle (10) étant fabriqués sous forme d'éléments séparés et la partie entraînement (16) étant fixée bout à bout à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage des faces, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) en fonte grise est fabriquée avec une matrice ferrito-perlitique ou purement perlitique.
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est assemblée à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage par friction.
  27. Procédé selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est assemblée à la partie fonctionnelle (10) par soudage à l'arc avec un arc rotatif.
  28. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 27, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est préusinée avant le soudage.
  29. Procédé selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) est usinée par enlèvement de copeaux avant le soudage.
  30. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 29, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) subit un usinage de finition après le soudage.
  31. Procédé selon la revendication 30, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) subit un usinage de finition après le soudage par réception de l'arbre à la partie fonctionnelle (10).
  32. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 29, caractérisé en ce que la partie entraînement (16) subit un usinage de finition avant le soudage.
  33. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 32, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est usinée par enlèvement de copeaux après assemblage à la partie entraînement (16).
  34. Procédé selon la revendication 33, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) subit un usinage de finition après soudage sur la partie entraînement (16).
  35. Procédé selon la revendication 34, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est au moins finie par meulage après le soudage sur la partie entraînement (16).
  36. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 35, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est préusinée par enlèvements de copeaux avant soudage sur la partie entraînement (16).
  37. Procédé selon la revendication 36, caractérisé en ce que la partie fonctionnelle (10) est prérectifiée avant soudage sur la partie entraînement (16).
  38. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 37, caractérisé en ce que la soudure (14) est détendue par chauffage et refroidissement lent pour diminuer la dureté.
  39. Procédé selon la revendication 38, caractérisé en ce que la soudure (14) est chauffée par induction.
  40. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 25 à 39, caractérisé en ce que la soudure (14) est réusinée par enlèvement de copeaux.
EP91114051A 1990-08-25 1991-08-22 Arbres à cames pour moteurs à combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0473061B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4026980 1990-08-25
DE4026980 1990-08-25
DE4029026 1990-09-13
DE4029026A DE4029026A1 (de) 1990-08-25 1990-09-13 Welle fuer verbrennungsmotoren

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0473061A2 EP0473061A2 (fr) 1992-03-04
EP0473061A3 EP0473061A3 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0473061B1 true EP0473061B1 (fr) 1995-11-08

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EP91114051A Expired - Lifetime EP0473061B1 (fr) 1990-08-25 1991-08-22 Arbres à cames pour moteurs à combustion

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EP (1) EP0473061B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4029026A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES1019908Y (fr)

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DE102005026505A1 (de) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-14 Schaeffler Kg Verfahren zum Verbinden von zwei Bauelementen mittels Reibschweißen sowie Schweißverbindung
EP2093421B1 (fr) 2008-02-22 2013-04-17 Robert Bosch GmbH Pompe haute pression pour fournir du carburant à un système d'injection de carburant
EP2107244A1 (fr) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de pompage pour fournir du carburant haute pression à un système d'injection de carburant
DE102016217024A1 (de) 2016-09-07 2018-03-08 Mahle International Gmbh Herstellungsverfahren einer Nockenwelle

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DE3836328A1 (de) * 1988-10-25 1990-04-26 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Verfahren zur herstellung von einzelnocken aus gusswerkstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0473061A3 (en) 1992-05-27
ES1019908U (es) 1992-05-16
DE4029026A1 (de) 1992-03-05
ES1019908Y (es) 1993-02-16
DE59106853D1 (de) 1995-12-14
EP0473061A2 (fr) 1992-03-04

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