EP0463709B1 - Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment - Google Patents

Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463709B1
EP0463709B1 EP19910250251 EP91250251A EP0463709B1 EP 0463709 B1 EP0463709 B1 EP 0463709B1 EP 19910250251 EP19910250251 EP 19910250251 EP 91250251 A EP91250251 A EP 91250251A EP 0463709 B1 EP0463709 B1 EP 0463709B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
façade
cradle
building
facade
lift according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910250251
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0463709A2 (fr
EP0463709A3 (en
Inventor
Fransiscus Cammen Van Der
Edmund Burg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
*OLIO B.V.
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Priority to ES91250251T priority Critical patent/ES2065613T3/es
Priority to EP19910250251 priority patent/EP0463709B1/fr
Priority to DE59103758T priority patent/DE59103758D1/de
Publication of EP0463709A2 publication Critical patent/EP0463709A2/fr
Publication of EP0463709A3 publication Critical patent/EP0463709A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0463709B1 publication Critical patent/EP0463709B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G3/00Scaffolds essentially supported by building constructions, e.g. adjustable in height
    • E04G3/28Mobile scaffolds; Scaffolds with mobile platforms
    • E04G3/30Mobile scaffolds; Scaffolds with mobile platforms suspended by flexible supporting elements, e.g. cables
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for driving on the facade of a building with the gondola of a facade elevator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a facade elevator for performing this method.
  • Facade lifts which are required, for example, for cleaning window surfaces or for repair work on the facade, particularly in high-rise buildings, have been known for many years.
  • a facade elevator is described in DE 33 20 010 C1
  • the gondola hanging on support cables can be raised and lowered parallel to the facade surface by a lifting device mounted on a roof trolley.
  • the gondola is designed as a cantilever gondola and hangs with its supporting cables on an additional boom of the lifting device which can be rotated about a vertical axis. This makes it possible to reach the underlying areas of the facade from the correspondingly turned cantilever gondola in the case of overhanging facade parts.
  • a facade elevator In many countries it is mandatory, at least for certain building heights, that a facade elevator must be secured against the gondola swinging away from the facade surface. This swinging away can easily occur, especially with large building heights due to wind forces.
  • Such security usually looks like that a number of vertically running guide rails are arranged on the facade, each of which marks a lane of the gondola, which is also referred to below as the access line.
  • guide wheels or rollers can engage, which are firmly connected to the nacelle and, among other things, can also absorb tensile and compressive forces perpendicular to the facade surface.
  • the nacelle can be held securely at a fixed distance from the facade surface and can at the same time be moved up and down in the vertical direction.
  • the guide rollers For a horizontal movement across the facade, the guide rollers must be disengaged from the guide rail.
  • a facade elevator in which the gondola, which is suspended from the suspension cables by lifting devices located on the roof of the building, can be moved in the vertical direction.
  • the nacelle is secured against horizontal swinging away from the facade by tensile forces.
  • the tensile forces are exerted by a guide rope which is gripped by a holding device and which is fixed to the building facade.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for driving on any, but in particular inclined facade surfaces in the vertical or horizontal direction with a facade lift gondola, in which swinging of the gondola away from the facade surface beyond an unacceptable amount is reliably avoided without the use of guide rails.
  • a device for performing this method is to be specified.
  • the invention consists in that at least one, preferably two guide ropes are carried in the gondola of the facade elevator, which at the beginning of a travel operation from the already pivoted-out, i.e. approximately parallel to the roof top edge of the respective building, with one end at predetermined fixed points on the building facade be releasably attached.
  • a series of fastening elements are fixed to the facade at a distance from one another along the respective access line.
  • This line of travel generally corresponds essentially to a fall line of the facade surface, but can, if necessary, also have lateral bends or even horizontal sections, so that a lifting or lowering process of the gondola does not have to run strictly along a fall line.
  • the guide rope or ropes are successively connected to the individual fastening elements by connecting elements in such a way that each guide rope is in the area of the fastening elements is fixed in the horizontal direction.
  • a holding device is provided on the nacelle for each guide rope, which holds the guide rope when the nacelle is at a standstill and releases it when lifting and lowering or other processes.
  • the respective guide rope transfers its horizontal fixation to the nacelle accordingly.
  • the fixation of the gondola is tighter the closer the gondola is to the next fastening element, that is, the closer the fastening elements of an access line are to each other.
  • the attachments between the guide rope and fastening elements are successively released again in a corresponding manner, and the guide rope can be picked up again by the gondola. Finally, the guide rope is also released from the respective fixed point and completely removed from the facade.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic representation of a facade elevator according to the invention in FIG. 1 shows a building, the facade of which has 5 vertical and additionally inclined (below and above 90 °) partial areas.
  • the lifting device 1 of the facade elevator On the roof of the building, the lifting device 1 of the facade elevator is mounted on a roof trolley 15 which can be moved without rails or on rails.
  • the lifting device 1 could alternatively also be fixed and equipped with an extendable boom that can be pivoted about a vertical axis.
  • a gondola 3 of the facade elevator can be lifted and lowered on the suspension cables 2 by the lifting device 1, and can be moved horizontally by the roof trolley 15.
  • a series of fastening elements 6 are arranged on the facade 5 along the selected access line at a distance from one another.
  • the fastening elements 6 are distributed over the entire surface of the facade.
  • At least one guide rope 7 (preferably two guide ropes) is carried in the nacelle 3, which will be discussed in more detail below, which at the beginning of the travel operation fixes one end 8 from the nacelle 3 which has already been swung out to the upper area of the facade 5 but was releasably connected to the top fastener 6.
  • the guide rope 7 was fixed in the horizontal direction to the fastening elements 6 by means of connecting elements (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show possible embodiments of suitable fasteners 6 and connecting elements.
  • the fastening element 6 firmly anchored in the facade 5 consists of a short, rigid steel sheet with an eyelet 14.
  • a snap hook was latched into this eyelet 14 as a connecting element 10a, which at the same time also encloses the guide rope 7 and thus fixes it in the horizontal direction.
  • the snap hook 10a like the guide rope 7, is carried along by the nacelle 3, so it is not permanently attached to the building facade 5, but is only manually latched in when necessary when driving onto the facade 5 (forward travel).
  • FIG. 3 An alternative is shown in FIG. 3, in which the fastening element 6 and the connecting element (in the form of a snap hook 10b) are structurally integrated into a single piece.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that, apart from the guide rope 7, no other loose parts have to be carried in the nacelle 3.
  • the fastening elements 6 permanently remaining on the facade 5 are overall somewhat larger and thus possibly somewhat more clearly recognizable from the outside. Other shapes for the fasteners 6 are possible.
  • the gondola 3 of the facade elevator according to the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is suspended from support ropes (not shown) which are fastened to columns 17 which are firmly connected to the gondola body and are arranged on the two narrow sides of the gondola 3.
  • support ropes not shown
  • rolling elements 4 for direct support of the gondola 3 on the surface of the facade 5 are arranged on the outside without the interposition of a special support device such as a guide rail.
  • rolling elements 4 soft, large-area sliding elements could in principle also be used, but here the risk of scratch marks on the facade 5 would be more likely.
  • the rolling elements 4 are roller-shaped, that is to say with a considerable length expansion and, moreover, are made of a soft material (e.g. foam plastic) in order to ensure a large-area contact with the facade 5 and to keep the resulting surface pressure as low as possible. This prevents damage to the facade, for example, which could otherwise occur with small contact surfaces if the nacelle e.g. is strongly pressed against the facade 5 by wind forces.
  • a soft material e.g. foam plastic
  • the gondola 3 could also be equipped with a plurality of rolling elements 4, at least one in the upper and at least one in the lower region of the gondola 3, in order to make direct contact with the outer wall at any type of slope in the facade the gondola 3 with the example facade 5 made of glass and aluminum parts to be avoided safely.
  • the guide rope 7 is in each case guided through a holding device 9 which is fixedly connected to the nacelle 3 and has a carrier piece 22.
  • the carrier piece 22 is in each case attached to the outside of the tubular column 17, an advantageous further development of the invention providing a releasable connection in the form of a clamp connection.
  • the height adjustment 18 created in this way enables a change in the height of the holding device 9 relative to the upper edge of the nacelle 3 along the column 17.
  • the holding device 9 is constructed on a tubular support 20, for example, which - in an advantageous further development of the invention - in turn by a releasable clamping connection - Is attached to the support piece 22. This also creates a horizontal adjustment 21 for the holding device 9, so that the distance between the hanging nacelle 3 and the facade surface, for example in the area of overhanging facade parts, can be changed as required.
  • the clamping of the guide rope 7 can be released again by an unlocking device 12, so that the guide rope 7 can slide freely through the clamping device 11.
  • the clamping device 11 or the unlocking device 12 should be connected to the control of the lifting device 1 and the roof trolley 15 in such a way that lifting or lowering or other movement of the nacelle 3 in the sense of a dead man's switch is only possible if the Clamping device 11 is released, that is, it does not jam.
  • the clamping force of the clamping device 11 is also recommended for safety reasons to limit the clamping force of the clamping device 11. This should be kept at least so low that, in the event of a fault with undissolved clamping device 11, getting stuck and thus a possible inclination of the nacelle when lowering by the support cables 2 is impossible, i.e. that the gondola can overcome the clamping force of the clamping devices 11 due to its weight and thus the guide cables slide through the clamping devices 11 in operation.
  • the clamping force of the clamping devices 11 must be at least so great that the forces which may occur, which the gondola 3 seek to push away from the facade 5, are safely controlled.
  • the guide rope 7 is guided over deflection rollers 19a and 19b in a material-saving manner through the holding device 9.
  • deflection rollers 19a and 19b damage to the facade 5 and nacelle 3 occurring the holding devices 9 are expediently provided with limit switches 13 equipped, which immediately interrupt the activity of the lifting device 1 or the roof vehicle 15 when bumping into such a fastening element 6.
  • the holding device 9 is designed in an advantageous further development of the invention in the sense of a cardanic joint in order to ensure that the rope is guided as gently as possible in the event of a change in the angle between the incoming guide rope 7 and the axis of the carrier 20. It is furthermore expedient to carry the guide rope 7 on a winding device 16 (for reasons of space) arranged on the outside of the nacelle 3 and designed as a rope drum. Of course, the guide rope 7 can also hang down freely from the holding device 9 along the facade 5.
  • the winding device 16 can be operated manually or by motor (for example by means of a power tool with an accumulator).
  • the guide roller 19b is pivotally mounted in the illustrated embodiment about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carrier 20.
  • a plastic in particular a nylon material, for the guide rope 7.
  • the gondola 3 is also held close to the facade 5 by the guide rope 7, which runs above the gondola 3 through several fastening elements 6 at approximately the same narrow distance from the facade 5 and does not swing away to the outside or to the side can. Rather, the gondola 3 is even pulled towards the facade surface in the overhanging facade part, so that the rolling elements 4 always lie directly on the facade 5. Because of the foam plastic used for the rolling elements 4, there is no damage (e.g. scratches) on the facade surface.
  • the facade elevator according to the invention is suitable not only for driving on a facade 5 in the vertical direction, but also in the horizontal direction.
  • the building shown has a stepped profile in the side view.
  • the arrows shown indicate that the nacelle 3 has reached the position shown in a stepped movement.
  • the two ends 8 of the guide cables 7 were firmly connected to the uppermost fastening elements 6 (each indicated by a point) in the same way as in FIG. 1.
  • the nacelle 3 was lowered vertically, the guide cables 7 being latched into two further fastening elements 6.
  • the horizontal movement of the nacelle 3 can be realized, for example, by a corresponding method of the roof trolley 15 or by an extendable boom of the lifting device 1.
  • the cardanic suspension already described (FIG. 5) in the area of the cable pulley 19a of the holding device 9 enables problem-free adaptation to the changing direction (vertical / horizontal) of the attached guide cables 7.
  • the safety-related mentioned above in the course of the description of FIGS Coupling (dead man's switch) between the clamping and unlocking devices of the holding devices 9 on the one hand and the control of the lifting device 1 on the other hand naturally also includes the control of the horizontal movement of the nacelle 3. A horizontal movement can therefore also only take place if the clamping devices for the guide cables 7 are released.
  • a second vertical driving phase then follows in the manner shown, then again a horizontal and finally another vertical driving phase.
  • the solution according to the invention also makes it possible to carry out simultaneous vertical and horizontal movements of the nacelle 3 with constant securing by the guide cables 7. Since a large number of fastening elements 6 can be attached to the facade 5, almost arbitrarily designed access routes can be realized, in that one fastening element 6 next selects that of a plurality of neighboring fastening elements 6 and controls it from the nacelle 3, based on the desired one Access route is. Such flexibility could practically not be achieved with conventional guide rails.
  • the guide ropes 7 are only required during the operating phases of the facade elevator and are removed from the facade 5 in the remaining time.
  • the guide ropes 7 are completely independent of the support ropes 2 of the nacelle 3, which in this example are guided via a rotatable additional boom of the lifting device 1.
  • pivoting movements of the nacelle 3 about a vertical axis can therefore be carried out, if necessary, despite threaded guide cables 7.
  • This makes it possible, for example, to move the gondola 3 around a corner of the building facade 5 without having to remove the guide cables 7 beforehand. For a system with guide rails, this would also be practically impossible with a reasonable solution.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized in particular by its simplicity and the cost-effective feasibility that it guarantees, in spite of an extraordinary range of possible uses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour parcourir la façade d'un bâtiment, en particulier un bâtiment présentant des surfaces de façade inclinées et/ou en porte-à-faux, avec la nacelle (3) d'un élévateur à façade, laquelle peut être déplacée en direction verticale en étant accrochée à des câbles porteurs (2) par un dispositif de levage (1) se trouvant sur le toit du bâtiment et est assurée par des forces de tirage contre un pivotement éloigné de la façade, les forces de tirage étant engendrées par au moins un câble de guidage (7) fixé sur la façade du bâtiment,
    caractérisé en ce que le câble de guidage (7) est guidé dans ou sur la nacelle, est uniquement fixé de façon amovible au début d'un processus de déplacement de la nacelle (3) par une extrémité à un point fixe sur la façade du bâtiment, et est ensuite encliqueté de façon mécanique et successive pendant l'avance dans des éléments de fixation (6) agencés sur la façade (5) en étant écartés les uns des autres au-dessous du point de fixation ou à côté de celui-ci, et est maintenu par force à la nacelle lors de l'arrêt de la nacelle (3), et en ce que lors d'un déplacement de retour de la nacelle, les liaisons avec les éléments de fixation (6) sont de nouveau ôtées de façon successive.
  2. Elévateur à façade pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant un dispositif de levage (1) agencé sur le toit d'un bâtiment, une nacelle (3) pour le personnel de service accrochée de façon à pouvoir être levée ou abaissée à des câbles porteurs (2) du dispositif de levage (1), ainsi que des éléments de guidage agencés sur la façade du bâtiment pour fixer la nacelle (3) contre des mouvements de déviation dirigés en sens opposé à la surface de la façade, à l'extérieur de la façade (5) du bâtiment le long d'au moins une ligne de déplacement plusieurs éléments de fixation (6) étant agencés en étant écartés les uns des autres, un câble de guidage (7) étant guidé à travers un dispositif de maintien (9) solidaire de la nacelle (3) et entourant le câble de guidage (7), et des éléments de liaison (10a,10b) étant prévus, par l'intermédiaire desquels le câble de guidage (7) est relié de façon amovible aux éléments de fixation (6),
    caractérisé en ce que l'une des extrémités du câble de guidage (7) est guidée dans ou sur la nacelle, en ce que l'autre extrémité (8) du câble de guidage est reliée de façon amovible à l'élément de fixation (6) situé le plus haut de la ligne de déplacement correspondante, en ce que le câble de guidage (7) peut être encliqueté de façon successive et mécanique dans les éléments de fixation (6) qui sont agencés en étant écartés les uns des autres au-dessous du point de fixation ou à côté de celui-ci sur la façade et peut être relié par force à la nacelle, en ce que des appareils d'entrée d'ordres et des éléments de commutation pour la commande du dispositif de levage (1) sont agencés dans la nacelle (3), et en ce que l'élévateur à façade comporte des éléments de glissement ou de roulage (4) pour l'appui de la nacelle (3) sur la façade (5) du bâtiment.
  3. Elévateur à façade selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de maintien (9) comporte un dispositif de serrage (11), dont la force de serrage pour le déplacement vertical et/ou horizontal de la nacelle (3) parallèlement à la surface de la façade peut être supprimée par un dispositif de déverrouillage (12).
  4. Elévateur à façade selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de déverrouillage (12) est relié par une technique de signal à la commande du dispositif de levage (11) et le cas échéant à un dispositif (chariot de roulage sur toit 15) pour le déplacement horizontal de la nacelle (3) et cette commande est bloquée dans le sens d'une commande à veille automatique aussi longtemps que le dispositif de déverrouillage (12) n'est pas libéré.
  5. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 3 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que la force de serrage du dispositif de serrage (11) est limitée de sorte que lors d'un incident, un abaissement de la nacelle (3) est possible par les câbles porteurs (2) malgré un dispositif de serrage (11) bloqué.
  6. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un commutateur d'extrémité (13) est prévu sur la nacelle (3) dans la zone du dispositif de maintien (9), commutateur d'extrémité qui interrompt un déplacement de retour de la nacelle (3) dès que le dispositif de maintien (9) de la nacelle (3) arrive à la proximité directe d'un élément de fixation (6), sur lequel le câble de guidage (7) est encore fixé.
  7. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que les éléments de liaison sont réalisés sous forme de mousquetons (10a) qui peuvent être encliquetés dans des oeillets correspondants (14) sur les éléments de fixation (6) et qui peuvent être disposés autour du câble de guidage (7).
  8. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que les éléments de liaison (10b) sont intégrés de façon constructive dans les éléments de fixation (6).
  9. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que les éléments de glissement ou de roulage (4) présentent des surfaces d'appui élevées, par lesquelles la nacelle (3) peut s'appuyer sans risque de détérioration directement contre la surface de la façade (5).
  10. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que les éléments de roulage (4) sont réalisés sur la nacelle (3) sous forme de galets à produit alvéolaire en forme de rouleaux.
  11. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit deux câbles de guidage (7) qui sont guidés à chaque fois par un dispositif de maintien séparé (9) de la nacelle (3).
  12. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que les câbles de guidage (7) sont réalisés en matière synthétique, en particulier en un matériau en nylon.
  13. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de maintien (9) comporte un élément de réglage vertical (18).
  14. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de maintien (9) comporte un élément de réglage horizontal (21).
  15. Elévateur à façade selon l'une des revendications 2 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que pour le ou les câbles de guidage (7), on agence à chaque fois un dispositif d'enroulement (16) sur la nacelle (3).
EP19910250251 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment Expired - Lifetime EP0463709B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES91250251T ES2065613T3 (es) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Procedimiento para desplazarse por la fachada de un edificio y elevador para el mantenimiento de fachadas.
EP19910250251 EP0463709B1 (fr) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment
DE59103758T DE59103758D1 (de) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Verfahren zum Befahren einer Gebäudefassade und Fassadenaufzug.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19910250251 EP0463709B1 (fr) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463709A2 EP0463709A2 (fr) 1992-01-02
EP0463709A3 EP0463709A3 (en) 1992-06-24
EP0463709B1 true EP0463709B1 (fr) 1994-12-07

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EP19910250251 Expired - Lifetime EP0463709B1 (fr) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Echafaudage suspendu et méthode pour travailler le long d'une façade de bâtiment

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EP (1) EP0463709B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59103758D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2065613T3 (fr)

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CN107227854B (zh) * 2017-07-19 2019-05-17 陕西建工机械施工集团有限公司 一种钢结构吊挂施工提升安装方法
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CN108670115A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-19 江苏博宇建筑工程设备科技有限公司 防风销凹面接近系统
CN110101332A (zh) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-09 江苏理工学院 一种组合式擦窗机器人系统及清洁方法
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US4068895A (en) * 1976-07-01 1978-01-17 O. W. Reese, Inc. Demolition machine for delining a furnace
AU519344B2 (en) * 1977-01-11 1981-11-26 Cox, Eric William Cage or lift restrainer-guide
US4164268A (en) * 1978-03-20 1979-08-14 Clear Day, Inc. Adjustable protective rollers for suspended scaffolding
FR2532674B1 (fr) * 1983-09-07 1985-08-23 Int Dodge Inc Dispositif de securite pour echafaudage
CH670248A5 (en) * 1985-12-31 1989-05-31 Anton Niederberger Vertically movable platform for maintenance of structures - has co-rotatable carrier and stretcher guide at different levels within vertical plane extending area of coverage
LU87667A1 (fr) * 1990-01-26 1990-07-10 Secalt Dispositif rotatif de guidage d'une nacelle suspendue le long d'un cable vertical

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DE59103758D1 (de) 1995-01-19
ES2065613T3 (es) 1995-02-16
EP0463709A2 (fr) 1992-01-02
EP0463709A3 (en) 1992-06-24

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