EP0460457B2 - Maschinenschraubstock - Google Patents
Maschinenschraubstock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0460457B2 EP0460457B2 EP91108333A EP91108333A EP0460457B2 EP 0460457 B2 EP0460457 B2 EP 0460457B2 EP 91108333 A EP91108333 A EP 91108333A EP 91108333 A EP91108333 A EP 91108333A EP 0460457 B2 EP0460457 B2 EP 0460457B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- screw spindle
- spindle
- abutment
- sleeve
- basic frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B1/00—Vices
- B25B1/06—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
- B25B1/18—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws motor driven, e.g. with fluid drive, with or without provision for manual actuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B1/00—Vices
- B25B1/06—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
- B25B1/10—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws
- B25B1/106—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws with mechanical or hydraulic power amplifiers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B1/00—Vices
- B25B1/24—Details, e.g. jaws of special shape, slideways
- B25B1/2405—Construction of the jaws
- B25B1/2473—Construction of the jaws with pull-down action on the workpiece
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine vice according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- the drive device has a rotationally fixed the threaded spindle connected to the threaded sleeve Primary link of the power amplifier acting drive spindle and one provided between this and the threaded sleeve Torque clutch on.
- the booster is considered mechanical Power amplifier designed, when operating the Primary link is always the secondary link of the power amplifier moved in the same direction as the primary link.
- This well-known power amplifier is the train connection with one end connected. The entire drive device rotates with it and protrudes outside beyond the abutment plate, whereby the entire Overall length of the machine vice in relation to its maximum span is large.
- the invention is therefore based on the object Machine vice of the type mentioned above to design that the base body when tensioning one if possible is exposed to low bending stress, and that the Machine vice at the same time a favorable ratio between total length and maximum span.
- this improvement is achieved by a Machine vice with the features of claim 1 achieved.
- the Arrangement of the power amplifier under the fixed jaw on one end of the body and the arrangement of the Drive device so that they are essentially within of the other end of the body and in a fully open Position of the movable jaw under this has the advantage that the overall length of the machine vice not by the booster and the drive device or is not significantly enlarged, so that the Machine vice a favorable relationship between Overall length and maximum span.
- Another advantage is the fact that the abutment of the Power amplifier and thus also the screw spindle below the fixed jaw is arranged. This will combine with the train connection pulling a tension on the Screw spindle exercised.
- the movable jaw is now through the screw spindle during the clamping process to the fixed
- the jaw is pulled and it is opposed facing each other, on the base body acting reaction forces avoided. This also becomes a Deflection of the base body upwards during the clamping process avoided.
- the Cross-section essentially U-shaped base body 1 on its one end of a fixed jaw 2, preferably with the Basic body consists of one piece.
- a mobile one Clamping jaw 3 is perpendicular to the fixed body 1 Clamping jaw 2 can be moved in direction B.
- the moveable Clamping jaw 3 has a downward, in the Base body 1 engaging approach 4, in which the Spindle nut 5 is incorporated.
- a screw spindle 7 arranged, which engages in the spindle nut 5.
- Base body 1 In the area below the fixed jaw 2 is in Base body 1 a mechanical power amplifier 8 known Type (see. DE-U-78 30 221) arranged.
- An abutment part 8a is supported on an abutment 9, which between the Power amplifier 8 and one of the fixed jaw 2 adjacent Engages end 7a of the screw spindle.
- the abutment 9 could also, as shown in Fig. 5, immediately in Vise body 1 may be provided. However, is preferred the abutment 9 is provided on an abutment sleeve 10 which in a corresponding cylindrical through hole 11 in Base body 1 is inserted.
- the abutment bush instructs its end remote from the screw spindle 7 has a flange 12 with which they are on a ring heel 13 of the Base body is supported, which is adjacent to the through hole 11.
- the abutment sleeve 10 extends with its Screw 7 facing end 10a at least up to that of Screw end facing 2a of the fixed jaw 2.
- the abutment sleeve 10 is on the Screw 7 remote end by a pot-like Cover 14 completed. This lid 14 and the Abutment bush 10 are by a spring ring 15 in the Through hole 11 held.
- the power amplifier 8 has a wedge-shaped primary member 16 and a disc-shaped secondary member 17. Will that Primary member 16 by the arranged in the hollow spindle 7 Push rod 18 moved in the direction C to the left, then the Rollers 19 pressed into a space that extends radially outward narrowed. As a result, the secondary member 17 with a corresponding Power transmission also moved to the left, but by one less amount than the primary link 16.
- a compression spring 20 is provided, which is preferably between the Cover 14 and the secondary member 17 is arranged.
- the pull sleeve 21 provided axially in the abutment sleeve 10 is displaceable and surrounds the power amplifier 8.
- the tension sleeve is at one end by a screw cap 22 completed, on the inside of the secondary member 17th is supported.
- the pull sleeve 21 has three axially arranged at equal angular intervals
- Directional webs 23 on the same circumferential angular intervals are arranged to each other. These webs 23 extend each by corresponding axial recesses 24 in the Abutment sleeve 10 through to that of the fixed jaw 2 adjacent end 7a of the screw.
- the webs 23 are on their ends with radially inward claws 23a provided that provided at the end 7a of the screw 7 Reach behind flange 25.
- a seal 26 seals the interior the abutment sleeve 10 opposite the screw spindle end 7a.
- a common drive device 27 is also provided, with which both the screw 7 and the Power amplifier 8 can be driven one after the other in time.
- the Drive device 27 is in the fixed jaw 2 opposite end 1a of the base body 1 arranged so that them entirely or at least essentially within the Base body 1 is and the movable jaw 3, how it is shown in Fig. 1, in its fully open position located above the drive device 27.
- the Drive device 27 is of a cylindrical housing 28 enclosed, whose the screw spindle 7 facing end a positive connection non-rotatably, but axially is slidably connected to the screw spindle.
- the positive connection can consist, for example, that the housing 28 at one end 28a one in cross section has hexagonal opening 28c, which accordingly includes hexagonal end 7b of the screw spindle 7.
- the other end 28b of the housing is rotatable and axial immovable in one connected to the base body 1 Holding plate 29 stored.
- the drive device 27 comprises a threaded sleeve 30, which is fixed to the housing 28th connected is. One engages in the threaded sleeve 30 Drive spindle 31, the outer end with a Hexagon socket 31a is provided. Can in the hexagon socket 31a a hand crank, not shown, can be used.
- a Torque clutch provided in the shown Embodiment from a rotatable with the Drive spindle 31 connected, but on it against the Force of the spring 32 displaceable clutch disc 33 exists, which with a cam 34 in a corresponding recess of the Threaded sleeve 30 engages.
- Via the torque clutch 32 - 34 are the drive spindle 31 and the threaded sleeve 30 to Reaching a predetermined torque in a rotationally fixed manner connected.
- Abutment sleeve 10 Since the Abutment sleeve 10 is claimed when tensioning on train and with its flange 12 on the ring shoulder 13 of the base body 1 supports, there is a direct power transmission between Abutment sleeve 10 and base body 1 without any, flexible connecting parts are loaded.
- connection between secondary part 17 and the end 7a of the Screw 7 can also be equipped in other ways.
- the the drive end of this embodiment is the same executed as in Figs. 1 and 3 of the previous Embodiment is shown. Parts have the same function with the same reference numerals, so that the above Description applies accordingly.
- the one shown in FIG. 5 Embodiment has the train connection at least two axially directed draw bolts 35, which are axially directed bores 36 of the abutment 9 or base body 1 stretch through.
- the pull bolts 35 are on the one hand with a Secondary member 17 carrying disc 17a and on the other hand with a ring 37 surrounding the end 7a of the screw spindle connected. This ring engages behind the end of 7a Screw 7 provided flange 25.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
Description
einen Längsschnitt eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Maschinenschraubstockes mit mechanischem Kraftverstärker,
einen Teillängsschnitt dieses Ausführungsbeispiels im Bereich der feststehenden Spannbacke etwa im Maßstab 1:1,
einen Teillängsschnitt dieses Ausführungsbeispieles im Bereich der Antriebsvorrichtung am anderen Ende des Grundkörpers, ebenfalls etwa im Maßstab 1:1,
einen Querschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 2,
einen Teillängsschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Maschinenschraubstockes mit mechanischem Kraftverstärker im Bereich der festen Spannbacke,
Claims (6)
- Maschinenschraubstock mit einem Grundkörper (1), der an seinem einen Ende eine feste Spannbacke (2) trägt und an dem eine bewegliche Spannbacke (3) gelagert ist, einer Schraubspindel (7), die in eine mit der beweglichen Spannbacke (3) verbundene Spindelmutter (5) eingreift, einem auf die Schraubspindel (7) einwirkenden, sich gegen den Grundkörper abstützenden Kraftverstärker (8) und einer gemeinsamen Antriebsvorrichtung (27) für die Schraubspindel (7) und den Kraftverstärker (8), der unterhalb der festen Spannbacke (2) im Grundkörper (1) angeordnet ist,
wobei die Schraubspindel (7) als Hohlspindel ausgebildet ist, in der eine Druckstange (18) verschiebbar ist, auf deren eines Ende die Antriebsvorrichtung (27) einwirkt und deren anderes Ende auf den Kraftverstärker (8) wirkt,
und wobei der Kraftverstärker (8) über eine durch das Widerlager (9,10) hindurchgeführte Zugverbindung (21,23;35) mit dem ihm benachbarten Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) axial zugfest verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßdie Zugverbindung (21,23;35) drehbar mit dem benachbarten Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) verbunden ist unddie gemeinsame Antriebsvorrichtung (27) im wesentlichen innerhalb des Grundkörpers (1;) angeordnet ist und sich unter der beweglichen Spannbacke (3;) in deren voll geöffneten Stellung befindet. - Maschinenschraubstock nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftverstärker (8) mechanisch ist und ein Primärglied (16) und ein in gleicher Richtung sich bewegendes Sekundärglied (17) aufweist, das sich an einem gegenüber dem Grundkörper (1) stationären Widerlager (9,10) abstützt, daß die gemeinsame Antriebsvorrichtung (27) eine drehfest mit der Schraubspindel (7) verbundene Gewindehülse (30), eine auf das Primärglied des Kraftverstärkers (8) einwirkende Antriebsspindel (31) und eine zwischen dieser und der Gewindehülse (30) vorgesehene Drehmomentenkupplung (32,33,34) umfaßt, daß die Antriebsspindel (31) auf die Druckstange (18) einwirkt, deren anderes Ende auf das Primärglied (16) des Kraftverstärkers (8) drückt, und daß das Sekundärglied (17) über die an ihm außen vorbei geführte Zugverbindung (21,23;35) mit dem der festen Spannbacke (2) benachbarten Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) verbunden ist.
- Maschinenschraubstock nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerlager (9) eine Widerlagerbüchse (10) aufweist, die in eine entsprechende zylindrische Durchgangsbohrung (11) im Grundkörper (1) eingesetzt ist und an ihrem der Schraubspindel (7) abgekehrten Ende einen Flansch (12) besitzt, mit welchem sie sich an einem an die Durchgangsbohrung (11) anschließenden Ringabsatz (13) abstützt, wobei sich vorzugsweise die Widerlagerbüchse (10) mit ihrem der Schraubspindel (7) zugekehrten Ende (10a) mindestens bis zu dem der Schraubspindel (7) zugekehrten Ende (2a) der festen Spannbacke (2) erstreckt, und wobei vorzugsweise die Widerlagerbüchse (10) an ihrem der Schraubspindel (7) abgekehrten Ende durch einen topfartigen Deckel (14) abgeschlossen und zwischen dem Deckel (14) und dem Sekundärglied (17) eine Druckfeder (20) angeordnet ist.
- Maschinenschraubstock nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugverbindung eine konzentrisch innerhalb der Widerlagerbüchse (10) axial verschiebbar angeordnete Zughülse (21) aufweist, die den Kraftverstärker (8) umgibt, an deren einem Ende das Sekundärglied (17) desselben abgestützt ist und deren anderes Ende mindestens zwei axial gerichtete Zugstege (23) aufweist, die sich durch axiale Ausnehmungen (24) in der Widerlagerbüchse (10) hindurcherstrecken und mit an ihren Enden vorgesehenen, radial nach innen gerichteten Klauen (23a) einen am Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) vorgesehenen Flansch (25) hintergreifen, wobei vorzugsweise die Zughülse (21) an ihrem der Schraubspindel (7) abgekehrten Ende durch einen Schraubdeckel (22) abgeschlossen und an der Innenseite dieses Schraubdeckels (22) das Sekundärglied (17) abgestützt ist
- Maschinenschraubstock nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugverbindung mindestens zwei axial gerichtete Zugbolzen (35) aufweist, die sich durch axial gerichtete Bohrungen (36) des Widerlagers (9) bzw. des Grundkörpers (1) hindurcherstrecken, daß die Zugbolzen (35) jeweils mit einer das Sekundärglied (17) tragenden Scheibe (17a) und einem das Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) umgebenden Ring (37) verbunden sind, der einen am Ende (7a) der Schraubspindel (7) vorgesehenen Flansch (25) hintergreift.
- Maschinenschraubstock nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemeinsame Antriebsvorrichtung (27) ein die Antriebsspindel (31), die Drehmomentenkupplung (32-34) und die Gewindehülse (30) umschließendes, zylindrisches Gehäuse (28) aufweist, dessen der Schraubspindel (7) zugekehrtes eines Ende (28a) über eine formschlüssige Verbindung (7b/28c) drehfest, jedoch axial verschiebbar mit der Schraubspindel (7) verbunden ist und dessen anderes Ende (28b) drehbar und axial unverschiebbar in einer mit dem Grundkörper (1) verbundenen Halteplatte (29) gelagert ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4018194 | 1990-06-07 | ||
| DE19904018194 DE4018194C1 (en) | 1990-06-07 | 1990-06-07 | Vice with fixed and moving jaw - has spindle for movement of intensifier which thrusts against vice base part |
| DE4112418A DE4112418A1 (de) | 1990-06-07 | 1991-04-16 | Maschinenschraubstock |
| DE4112418 | 1991-04-16 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0460457A2 EP0460457A2 (de) | 1991-12-11 |
| EP0460457A3 EP0460457A3 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| EP0460457B1 EP0460457B1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
| EP0460457B2 true EP0460457B2 (de) | 2000-03-01 |
Family
ID=25893917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91108333A Expired - Lifetime EP0460457B2 (de) | 1990-06-07 | 1991-05-23 | Maschinenschraubstock |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5251887A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0460457B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3286791B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4112418A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2073065T5 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021151668A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | cutpack.com GmbH | Spannvorrichtung zum einspannen eines werkstücks |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5662316A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1997-09-02 | Automation Enhancements Un Limited | Pallet couple and decouple clamping apparatus and method for pallet coupling and decoupling |
| USD355114S (en) | 1994-01-24 | 1995-02-07 | Severin Montres | Watch sizing platform |
| HRP980211B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2002-08-31 | Jurković Rudolf | Universal vice comprising a selfadjustable slider |
| KR100406462B1 (ko) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-11-21 | 주식회사 삼천리기계 | 바이스용 증력장치 |
| SE526258C2 (sv) * | 2003-04-15 | 2005-08-09 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Kraftförstärkare för maskinspindel med samverkande kilar |
| SE525190C2 (sv) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-12-21 | Sandvik Ab | Gasfjäder med dragstång i två stycken |
| DE502005000189D1 (de) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-28 | Hb Feinmechanik Gmbh & Co Kg | Spanneinrichtung mit einem Deckelement für ihre Spindelausnehmung |
| EP1797996A1 (de) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-20 | ALLMATIC-Jakob Spannsysteme GmbH | Schraubstock mit Kraftverstärker |
| US8336867B1 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2012-12-25 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus having a detachable jaw plate |
| US8454004B1 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2013-06-04 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus having a movable jaw member |
| US8573578B1 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2013-11-05 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus |
| US8109494B1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2012-02-07 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus having a movable jaw member |
| US9227303B1 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2016-01-05 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus |
| US8690138B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-04-08 | Tseh-Pei LIN | Coaxial concentric double-jaw vice |
| CN102789436B (zh) * | 2011-05-18 | 2014-12-31 | 国基电子(上海)有限公司 | 单线双向通信的主从芯片及其方法 |
| KR102191182B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-28 | 2020-12-16 | 에이비비 스위츠랜드 엘티디. | 로터 블록을 설치 및 분리하기 위한 캔틸레버 슬라이드 |
| US9352451B1 (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-31 | Chick Workholding Solutions, Inc. | Workholding apparatus |
| AT517201A1 (de) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-11-15 | Johann Schachinger | Keilspannschraubstock |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1283169B (de) * | 1964-09-25 | 1968-11-14 | Franz Arnold | Maschinenschraubstock mit Tiefspannbacken |
| DE1812325A1 (de) * | 1968-12-03 | 1970-07-23 | Arnold Franz | Mechanische Spannvorrichtung,insbesondere Maschinenschraubstock |
| ES421534A1 (es) * | 1972-12-20 | 1976-04-16 | Saurer Allma Gmbh | Perfeccionamientos en utiles tensores, especialmente torni-llos tensores de maquina con amplificador de presion. |
| US4043547A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1977-08-23 | Chicago Tool And Engineering Company | Precision machine vise |
| US4098500A (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1978-07-04 | Kurt Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Adjustable member for reducing clamp load losses in a locking jaw vise |
| DE7830221U1 (de) * | 1978-10-11 | 1980-03-20 | Arnold, Franz, 8960 Kempten | Mechanischer kraftverstaerker |
| DE3437403A1 (de) * | 1984-10-12 | 1986-04-24 | Saurer-Allma Gmbh, 8960 Kempten | Hochdruckspanner |
| DE3733849C1 (de) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-05-11 | Franz Arnold | Maschinenschraubstock mit Kraftverstaerker |
| DE8717051U1 (de) * | 1987-12-29 | 1988-02-11 | Röhm, Günter Horst, 7927 Sontheim | Maschinenschraubstock |
-
1991
- 1991-04-16 DE DE4112418A patent/DE4112418A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-05-23 US US07/704,557 patent/US5251887A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-23 DE DE59104937T patent/DE59104937D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-23 ES ES91108333T patent/ES2073065T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-23 EP EP91108333A patent/EP0460457B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-03 JP JP15739791A patent/JP3286791B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021151668A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | cutpack.com GmbH | Spannvorrichtung zum einspannen eines werkstücks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06344268A (ja) | 1994-12-20 |
| ES2073065T3 (es) | 1995-08-01 |
| DE4112418A1 (de) | 1992-10-22 |
| US5251887A (en) | 1993-10-12 |
| EP0460457A3 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| EP0460457B1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
| DE59104937D1 (de) | 1995-04-20 |
| EP0460457A2 (de) | 1991-12-11 |
| ES2073065T5 (es) | 2000-07-16 |
| JP3286791B2 (ja) | 2002-05-27 |
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