EP0455990B1 - Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents
Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0455990B1 EP0455990B1 EP91105398A EP91105398A EP0455990B1 EP 0455990 B1 EP0455990 B1 EP 0455990B1 EP 91105398 A EP91105398 A EP 91105398A EP 91105398 A EP91105398 A EP 91105398A EP 0455990 B1 EP0455990 B1 EP 0455990B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- binder
- load
- carrying
- spunbonded web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009732 tufting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/153—Mixed yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
- D05C17/02—Tufted products
- D05C17/023—Tufted products characterised by the base fabric
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/697—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a thermally stable, melt-bond-strengthened spun-bonded nonwoven made of supporting filaments and binder filaments serving as melt binders, in which the difference in the melting points of supporting and binding filaments is less than 30 ° C.
- a nonwoven which contains crimped fibers or threads and which is consolidated by heating by means of a thermoplastic binder or thermoplastic binder fibers.
- the melting point of the binding fibers should be at least 20 ° C below the melting point of the supporting filaments. Because of the proportion of crimped fibers in this nonwoven, it is very drapable, i.e. it folds like a woven fabric; However, it is not usable as a highly resilient and dimensionally stable reinforcing material and as a tufting carrier.
- Highly resilient spunbonded nonwovens bonded with melt binders are known, for example, from DE-PS 22 40 437 and DE-A-36 42 089.
- These previously known spunbonded nonwovens in which both the supporting filaments and the binder filaments can consist of polyesters, serve in particular as reinforcing and carrier materials in the manufacture of needled felt and tufting.
- filaments of a relatively coarse individual titer of more than 8 dtex are used.
- the proportion of binder filaments is 10 to 30%, preferably between 15 and 25%.
- melt-bond-bonded nonwovens have the serious disadvantage that they are not suitable for those areas of application in which they are exposed to high processing temperatures, since the low melting point of the binder component also significantly reduces the processing and use temperatures.
- the present invention now relates to a melt-bond-bonded nonwoven fabric with high strength and high dimensional stability, which is thermally highly resilient, i.e. which has an extremely advantageous high processing and usage temperature.
- the melt-bonded spunbonded fabric according to the invention consists of load-bearing filaments and binder filaments serving as melt binders, and is characterized in that the melting point of the binder filaments is less than 30 ° C., preferably less than 20 ° C., below the melting point of the load-bearing filaments.
- the supporting filaments and binder filaments are preferably made of polyester.
- the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwovens according to the invention is generally in the range between 50 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 250 g / m 2 , but can of course also be chosen to be lower or higher for special applications.
- the individual titer of the supporting filaments and binder filaments is preferably in the range between 1 and 20 dtex and the proportion of the binder filaments is preferably between 5 and 25 percent by weight.
- Spunbonded fabrics according to the invention are preferred in which the individual titer of the binder filaments is smaller than that of the supporting filaments.
- meltblown webs according to the invention in which the melting point of the binder filaments is 10 to 20 ° C. below the melting point of the supporting filaments are particularly preferred.
- the load-bearing filaments consist of polyethylene terephthalate
- the melt binder consists of a polymer whose melting point has the above-mentioned difference to the melting point of the load-bearing filaments.
- the binder filaments preferably consist of an isophthalic acid-modified polyester with a correspondingly slightly reduced melting point.
- the proportion of binder filaments in the total weight of the spunbonded nonwovens according to the invention is chosen to be as low as possible within the range given above and is adapted to the intended use of the nonwovens. Lower binder proportions further improve the thermal and mechanical properties, while higher binder proportions result in particularly delamination-resistant nonwovens.
- the weight per unit area of the nonwovens according to the invention and the individual titer of the filaments are chosen within the ranges specified above, depending on the area of use.
- a tuft ing carrier expediently selected a basis weight of up to 500 g / m 2 and a single titer of up to 20 dtex.
- those spunbonded nonwovens according to the invention are preferred in which the supporting filaments and binder filaments consist of flame-retardant modified polyesters.
- a further preferred embodiment of the nonwovens according to the invention has a layer structure of supporting filaments and binder filaments, it being particularly advantageous if the two outer layers do not contain any binder filaments.
- spunbonded nonwovens according to the invention are preferred, the binder filaments of which contain an antistatic, in particular carbon black.
- a further special embodiment of the nonwovens according to the invention does not contain separate binder filaments but bicomponent filaments in a core-shell or side-by-side arrangement, which are made up of the two polymers for the load-bearing and the binding filaments in the desired ratio.
- the spun-bonded nonwoven formed according to the invention is free from resinous binders and is therefore inherently flame-retardant.
- the low flammability can be further improved by suitable selection of flame-retardant modified raw materials for the supporting filaments and the binder filaments.
- These flame-retardant spunbonded fabrics can then also be used in rooms at risk of fire, e.g. B. as a carrier material for curtains, wallpaper, blinds, or as components for seat covers in vehicles or aircraft.
- Particularly voluminous spunbonded webs according to the invention such as those e.g. using a rel. small proportion of binder filaments and sieve drum fixation can be obtained.
- Such voluminous spunbonded nonwovens with a fiber-rich surface are also suitable for the production of filter fabrics.
- antistatic agents in the simplest case of soot, in the melting cylinder also permits the use of the spun-bonded nonwoven according to the invention in potentially explosive zones or as a filter medium for clean rooms.
- the dyeability of the melt binder can be adapted to that of the supporting filaments by modifying the melt binder raw material; on the other hand, different dyeability can also be used to create interesting color effects.
- the spunbonded nonwoven according to the invention is produced in a manner known per se by depositing load-bearing filaments and binder filaments on a moving sieve base to form a tangled nonwoven, and is characterized in that binder filaments are deposited whose melting point is less than 30 ° C., preferably less than 20 ° C. , is below the melting point of the supporting filaments.
- Load-bearing filaments and binder filaments which consist of polyester, are preferably deposited. Furthermore, it is preferred to choose the individual titer of the supporting filaments and binder filaments in the range between 1 and 20 dtex and / or the proportion of the binder filaments between 5 and 25 percent by weight.
- the amount of filaments deposited per m 2 is measured according to the criteria given above; as a rule, 50 to 500 g of filaments are deposited per m 2 .
- Filament is preferably deposited using a rotating baffle plate and a downstream guide surface as described in DE-PS 27 13 241.
- the filament is deposited by a plurality of rows of depositing elements one behind the other in the direction of movement of the screen support, from which alternating load-bearing and binding filaments are deposited.
- the polymers for the supporting filaments and the binder filaments are spun out and deposited as bicomponent filaments in the specified ratio.
- the thermal solidification is particularly preferably carried out by hot air, e.g. in screen drum fixers, which can be followed by a pair of embossing rollers.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein thermisch stabiles schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies aus tragenden Filamenten und als Schmelzbinder dienenden Binderfilamenten, bei dem die Differenz der Schmelzpunkte von tragenden und bindenden Filamenten weniger als 30 ° C beträgt.
- Aus der DE-C- 14 35 114 ist ein Vliesstoff bekannt, der gekräuselte Fasern oder Fäden enthält und der mittels eines thermoplastischen Bindemittels oder thermoplastischer Bindefasern durch Erhitzen verfestigt ist. Der Schmelzpunkt der Bindefasern soll mindestens 20 °C unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der tragenden Filamente liegen. Aufgrund des Anteils von gekräuselten Fasern in diesem Vliesstoff ist er sehr gut drapierbar, d.h. er fällt wie ein gewebter Stoff in Falten; er ist aber als hoch belastbares und dabei maßhaltiges Verstärkungsmaterial und als Tuftingträger nicht brauchbar.
- Höher belastbare schmelzbinderverfestigte Spinnvliese, sind zum Beispiel aus der DE-PS 22 40 437 und der DE-A- 36 42 089 bekannt. Diese vorbekannten Spinnvliese, bei denen sowohl die tragenden Filamente wie auch die Binderfilamente aus Polyestern bestehen können, dienen insbesondere als Verstärkungs- und Trägermaterialien in der Nadelfilz- und Tuftingherstellung. Bei dem Spinnvlies nach der DE-PS 22 40 437 werden Filamente eines relativ groben Einzeltiters von mehr als 8 dtex verwendet. Der Anteil der Binderfilamente liegt bei 10 bis 30%, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 25%. Bei dem Spinnvlies nach der DE-OS 36 42 089 sind in den Beispielen Einzeltiter von 5 bzw. 12 dtex angegeben; der Anteil der Binderfilamente liegt zwischen 10 und 50%, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 30%. Das Flächengewicht ist mit größer als 120 g/m2 angegeben.
- In der DE-PS 22 40 437 wird hervorgehoben, daß ein relativ großer Abstand zwischen dem Schmelzpunkt der tragenden Filamente und dem der Binderfilamente einzuhalten ist, der mindestens 30 °C betragen muß. Damit soll sichergestellt werden, daß bei der Verfestigung des Vliesstoffs eine thermische Schädigung der tragenden Filamente ausgeschlossen wird. Diese Anweisung wird in einer neueren Druckschrift, der DE-OS 36 42 089 noch verschärft: Dort soll die Differenz der Schmelzpunkte von tragenden und Binderfilamenten sogar mindestens 90 °C betragen. Deshalb werden dort als Binderfilamente Polyolefinfilamente bevorzugt.
- Diese bekannten schmelzbinderverfestigten Vliesstoffe haben den schwerwiegenden Nachteil, daß sie sich nicht für solche Einsatzgebiete eignen, bei denen sie hohen Weiterverarbeitungstemperaturen ausgesetzt sind, denn der tiefliegende Schmelzpunkt der Binderkomponente setzt auch die Weiterverarbeitungs- und Gebrauchstemperatur erheblich herab.
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft nun einen schmelzbinderverfestigten Vliesstoff mit hoher Festigkeit und hoher Dimensionsstabilität, der thermisch hoch belastbar ist, d.h. der eine überaus vorteilhafte hohe Weiterverarbeitungs- und Gebrauchstemperatur hat.
- Das erfindungsgemäße schmelzbinderverfestigte Spinnvlies besteht aus tragenden Filamenten und als Schmelzbinder dienenden Binderfilamenten, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmelzpunkt der Binderfilamente weniger als 30 °C, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 ° C, unter dem Schmelzpunkt der tragenden Filamente liegt.
- Die tragenden Filamente und Binderfilamente bestehen vorzugsweise aus Polyester. Das Flächengewicht der erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvliese liegt in der Regel im Bereich zwischen 50 und 500 g/m2, vorzugsweise zwischen 50 und 250 g/m2, kann aber natürlich für spezielle Anwendungen auch geringer oder höher gewählt werden. Der Einzeltiter der tragenden Filamente und Binderfilamente liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 1 und 20 dtex und der Anteil der Binderfilamente vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 25 Gewichtsprozent. Bevorzugt sind erfindungsgemäße Spinnvliese, in denen der Einzeltiter der Binderfilamente kleiner ist als der der tragenden Filamente.
- Bevorzugt sind insbesondere auch solche erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvliese, bei denen der Schmelzpunkt der Binderfilamente 10 bis 20 °C unter dem Schmelzpunkt der tragenden Filamente liegt.
- In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvliese bestehen die tragenden Filamente aus Polyethylenterephthalat, während der Schmelzbinder aus einem Polymeren besteht, dessen Schmelzpunkt die oben genannte Differenz zum Schmelzpunkt der tragenden Filamente aufweist. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Binderfilamente aus einem isophthalsäuremodifizierten Polyester mit einem entsprechend geringfügig abgesenkten Schmelzpunkt.
- Der Anteil der Binderfilamente am Gesamtgewicht der erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvliese wird innerhalb des oben angegebenen Bereichs so niedrig wie möglich gewählt und dem beabsichtigten Verwendungszweck der Vliese angepaßt. Geringere Binderanteile verbessern die thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften noch weiter, während höhere Binderanteile besonders delaminierungsresistente Vliese ergeben.
- Das Flächengewicht der erfindungsgemäße Vliese und der Einzeltiter der Filamente wird innerhalb der oben angegebenen Bereiche je nach dem Einsatzgebiet gewählt. Beispielsweise wird für einen Tuftingträger zweckmäßigerweise ein Flächengewicht bis zu 500 g/m2 und ein Einzeltiter bis zu 20 dtex gewählt.
- Als besonders zweckmäßig hat es sich erwiesen, die Art der Einbringung der Binderfilamente und ihren Anteil auf das ausgewählte Flächengewicht abzustimmen.
- Weiterhin sind solche erfindungsgemäßen Spinnvliese bevorzugt, in denen die tragenden Filamente und Binderfilamente aus flammhemmend modifizierten Polyestern bestehen.
- Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vliese weist eine Schichtstruktur aus tragenden Filamenten und Binderfilamenten auf,wobei es besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die beiden äußeren Schichten keine Binderfilamente enthalten. Für spezielle Anwendungen, bei denen es auf eine möglichst gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Vliesstoffe ankommt, sind erfindungsgemäße Spinnvliese bevorzugt, deren Binderfilamente ein Antistatikum, insbesondere Ruß, enthalten.
- Eine weitere spezielle Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vliese enthält keine gesonderten Binderfilamente sondern Bikomponentenfilamente in Kern-Hülle- oder Seite-an-Seite-Anordnung, die aus den beiden Polymeren für die tragenden und die bindenden Filamente in dem gewünschten Mengenverhältnis aufgebaut sind.
- Das erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Spinnvlies ist frei von harzigen Bindemitteln und daher von Haus aus schwer entflammbar. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann die Schwerentflammbarkeit durch geeignete Auswahl von flammhemmend modifizierten Rohstoffen für die tragenden Filamente und die Binderfilamente noch verbessert werden. Diese flammfesten Spinnvliese können dann auch in brandgefährdeten Räumen eingesetzt werden, z. B. als Trägermaterial für Vorhänge, Tapeten, Jalousien, oder als Bestandteile für Sitzbezüge in Fahrzeugen oder Flugzeugen. Bevorzugt sind auch besonders voluminöse erfindungsgemäße Spinnvliese,wie sie z.B. unter Einsatz eines rel. geringen Anteils von Binderfilamenten und Siebtrommelfixierung erhalten werden. Diese haben dann auch eine lockere, faserige Oberflächenstruktur, die die Haftung von Beschichtungsmaterialien, von PVC oder Bitumen deutlich erhöht. Derartige voluminöse Spinnvliese mit faserreicher Oberfläche eignen sich auch zur Herstellung von Filterstoffen. Der Zusatz von Antistatika, im einfachsten Fall von Ruß, im Schmelzzylinder erlaubt darüberhinaus den Einsatz des erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Spinnvlieses in explosionsgefährdeten Zonen oder auch als Filtermedium für Reinräume.
- Die Anfärbbarkeit des Schmelzbinders kann an die der tragenden Filamente durch Modifikation des Schmelzbinder-Rohstoffes angepaßt werden; andererseits kann eine unterschiedliche Anfärbbarkeit auch zu interessanten Farbeffekten genutzt werden.
- Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemaßen Spinnvlieses erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise durch Ablage von tragenden Filamenten und Binderfilamenten auf einer bewegten Siebunterlage zu einem Wirrvlies, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Binderfilamente abgelegt werden, deren Schmelzpunkt weniger als 30 ° C, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 ° C, unter dem Schmelzpunkt der tragenden Filamente liegt.
- Vorzugsweise werden tragende Filamente und Binderfilamente abgelegt, die aus Polyester bestehen. Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, den Einzeltiter der tragenden Filamente und Binderfilamente im Bereich zwischen 1 und 20 dtex und/oder den Anteil der Binderfilamente zwischen 5 und 25 Gewichtsprozent zu wählen. Die Menge der pro m2 abgelegten Filamente wird nach den oben angegebenen Kriterien bemessen;in der Regel werden 50 bis 500 g Filamente pro m2 abgelegt.
- Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Filamentablage unter Einsatz einer rotierenden Prallplatte und einer nachgeschalteten Leitfläche wie sie in der DE-PS 27 13 241 beschrieben ist.
- Zur Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Spinnvliese mit der bevorzugten Schichtenstruktur erfolgt die Filamentablage durch mehrere in Bewegungsrichtung der Siebunterlage hintereinander liegende Reihen von Ablageorganen, aus denen abwechselnd tragende und bindende Filamente abgelegt werden.
- In einer speziellen Ausführungsform werden die Polymere für die tragenden Filamente und die Binderfilamente in dem angegebenen Mengenverhältnis als Bikomponentenfilamente ausgesponnen und abgelegt.
- Es erfolgt meist keine Vernadelung der abgelegten Filamente, sondern nur eine thermische Vorverfestigung, wie sie zum Beispiel in der DE-PS 33 22 936 beschrieben ist, und eine sich daran anschließende endgültige thermische Verfestigung, z.B. mit glatter oder profilierter Walze. Bei hohen Flächengewichten kann aber eine Vernadelung zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Vlieseigenschaften führen.
- Die thermische Verfestigung erfolgt besonders bevorzugt durch Heißluft, z.B. in Siebtrommelfixierern, denen ein Prägewalzenpaar nachgeschaltet sein kann.
- Besonders voluminöse Spinnvliese ergeben sich bei einem möglichst geringen Anteil von Binderfilamenten und einer Siebtrommelfixierung.
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4011479 | 1990-04-09 | ||
DE4011479A DE4011479A1 (de) | 1990-04-09 | 1990-04-09 | Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes spinnvlies |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0455990A1 EP0455990A1 (de) | 1991-11-13 |
EP0455990B1 true EP0455990B1 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
EP0455990B2 EP0455990B2 (de) | 1998-02-11 |
Family
ID=6404082
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91105398A Expired - Lifetime EP0455990B2 (de) | 1990-04-09 | 1991-04-05 | Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5219647A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0455990B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH04222266A (de) |
KR (1) | KR0149674B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE129531T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2039971A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4011479A1 (de) |
IE (1) | IE70594B1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT97285B (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3261728B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-18 | 2002-03-04 | チッソ株式会社 | 熱接着性繊維シート |
CA2094875A1 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1993-11-02 | James A. Corbin | Tufted fabric |
DE9207367U1 (de) * | 1992-05-30 | 1992-09-10 | Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver, Col. | Schichtstoff aus Vlies und Gelege |
ATE148928T1 (de) * | 1992-10-02 | 1997-02-15 | Hoechst Ag | Bituminierte dachunterspannbahn und trägerbahn dazu |
DE4316017C1 (de) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-09-15 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Filterband und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US5618857A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1997-04-08 | Loctite Corporation | Impregnation sealant composition of superior high temperature resistance, and method of making same |
US5368913A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1994-11-29 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Antistatic spunbonded nonwoven fabrics |
US6217974B1 (en) | 1995-06-09 | 2001-04-17 | Tac-Fast Georgia, L.L.C. | Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity |
US5654066A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1997-08-05 | Pacione; Joseph R. | Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity |
DE69927888T3 (de) † | 1998-08-19 | 2012-07-05 | Johns Manville International, Inc. | Filtermedium mit veränderter Filtrations- und Festigkeitscharakteristik |
EP1537260B1 (de) * | 2002-09-13 | 2009-11-04 | Cerex Advanced Fabrics, Inc. | Verfahren zur reduzierung von statischen ladungen in einem spunbondverfahren |
BRPI0407083A (pt) * | 2003-01-30 | 2006-01-10 | Tac Fast Systems Sa | Placa de carpete, instalação e métodos de fabricação e instalação dos mesmos |
JP2007241887A (ja) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-20 | Fujitsu Component Ltd | キーボード |
KR101187382B1 (ko) | 2007-12-14 | 2012-10-02 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 장섬유 스펀본드 부직포 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2015049027A1 (de) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Flächengebilde mit hoher temperaturstabilität |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL264539A (de) * | 1960-05-09 | 1900-01-01 | ||
BE631990A (de) * | 1962-05-07 | 1900-01-01 | ||
IT992893B (it) * | 1972-08-17 | 1975-09-30 | Lutravil Spinnvlies | Veli di filatura ad alta resisten za e dimensionalmente stabili e processo per la loro preparazione |
DE2655136B2 (de) * | 1976-12-04 | 1978-12-07 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bindefasern enthaltenden Nalivlieses |
US4129675A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1978-12-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Product comprising blend of hollow polyester fiber and crimped polyester binder fiber |
DE2834438C3 (de) * | 1978-08-05 | 1987-12-03 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Spinnvliesstoff aus Polyester-Filamenten zur Verwendung als Trägermaterial für einen tiefziehfähigen Tufting-Teppich |
US4310594A (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-12 | Teijin Limited | Composite sheet structure |
EP0088191A3 (de) * | 1982-03-08 | 1986-02-19 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Polsterfasermischung aus Polyester |
NZ205684A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1987-02-20 | Chicopee | Non-woven fabric containing conjugate fibres:pattern densified without fusing the fibres |
JPS62215057A (ja) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-21 | チッソ株式会社 | 補強不織布 |
DE3642089A1 (de) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-23 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Teppichtuftingtraeger aus spinnvliesstoff |
JPH0775648B2 (ja) * | 1987-05-19 | 1995-08-16 | チッソ株式会社 | 円筒状フイルタ− |
-
1990
- 1990-04-09 DE DE4011479A patent/DE4011479A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-04-05 EP EP91105398A patent/EP0455990B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-05 US US07/680,988 patent/US5219647A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-05 AT AT91105398T patent/ATE129531T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-05 DE DE59106749T patent/DE59106749D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-08 IE IE116491A patent/IE70594B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-08 KR KR1019910005558A patent/KR0149674B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-08 CA CA002039971A patent/CA2039971A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-08 PT PT97285A patent/PT97285B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-09 JP JP3076111A patent/JPH04222266A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR0149674B1 (ko) | 1998-10-15 |
ATE129531T1 (de) | 1995-11-15 |
KR910018619A (ko) | 1991-11-30 |
EP0455990A1 (de) | 1991-11-13 |
EP0455990B2 (de) | 1998-02-11 |
PT97285B (pt) | 1999-04-30 |
DE59106749D1 (de) | 1995-11-30 |
DE4011479A1 (de) | 1991-10-10 |
CA2039971A1 (en) | 1991-10-10 |
IE911164A1 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
PT97285A (pt) | 1993-07-30 |
US5219647A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
IE70594B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
JPH04222266A (ja) | 1992-08-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0414141B1 (de) | Schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies | |
EP0455990B1 (de) | Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes Spinnvlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
EP0806509B1 (de) | Trägereinlage, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung | |
EP0572891B1 (de) | Schichtstoff aus Vlies und Gelege | |
DE4129188A1 (de) | Schmelzfaserverklebter schichtstoff, verfahren und zwischenprodukt zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung | |
DE19531001A1 (de) | Textiler Verbundstoff, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, dessen Verwendung sowie Gelege enthaltend Mischgarne | |
DE102012025023A1 (de) | Filtermedium | |
DE19620361C5 (de) | Trägereinlage und deren Verwendung | |
EP1939342A2 (de) | Trägereinlage, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung | |
DE3940713A1 (de) | Flammhemmendes vlies mit bindefilamenten | |
EP3558486B1 (de) | Hocheffizientes filtermedium | |
DE4321289A1 (de) | Elektretfasern mit verbesserter Ladungsstabilität, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, und Textilmaterial enthaltend diese Elektretfasern | |
DE19521838A1 (de) | Textiler Kompakt-Verbundstoff, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung | |
DE102011121136A1 (de) | Mehrlagiges Filtermedium | |
DE102009022120B4 (de) | Mehrlagiges Filtermedium, Verfahren zur dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung in der Luft/Gas- und Flüssigkeitsfiltration, sowie Filtermodule enthaltend das mehrlagige Filtermedium | |
DE3821011A1 (de) | Mehrschichtige traegerbahn | |
DE3927505C2 (de) | ||
DE4307398A1 (de) | Elektretfasern mit verbesserter Ladungsstabilität, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, und Textilmaterial enthaltend diese Elektretfasern | |
DE3930100A1 (de) | Schmelzbinderverfestigtes spinnvlies | |
DE29608372U1 (de) | Trägereinlage | |
DE202006021073U1 (de) | Trägereinlage und deren Verwendung | |
DE29609098U1 (de) | Trägereinlage | |
DE9207368U1 (de) | Schichtstoff aus Vlies und Gelege |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910903 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940228 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 129531 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19951115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59106749 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19951130 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19960106 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLAV | Examination of admissibility of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPEX |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLAV | Examination of admissibility of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPEX |
|
PLBF | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: CARL FREUDENBERG Effective date: 19960717 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: CARL FREUDENBERG |
|
PLBF | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO |
|
PLAW | Interlocutory decision in opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP |
|
PLAW | Interlocutory decision in opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 19980211 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: AEN Free format text: AUFRECHTERHALTUNG DES PATENTES IN GEAENDERTER FORM |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
GBTA | Gb: translation of amended ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(b)/1977) | ||
NLR3 | Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure | ||
ET3 | Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19990422 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
NLS | Nl: assignments of ep-patents |
Owner name: JOHNS MANVILLE INTERNATIONAL, INC. |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000405 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUE Owner name: HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT TRANSFER- JOHNS MANVILL Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: DIPL.-ING. ETH H. R. WERFFELI PATENTANWALT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20060321 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20060417 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20060424 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20060426 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20060516 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20060517 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20060531 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070405 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *JOHNS MANVILLE INTERNATIONAL INC. Effective date: 20070430 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20071101 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20070523 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071101 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070405 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070430 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070405 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080405 |