EP0451451B1 - Ventilation à commande automatique pour le système de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles - Google Patents

Ventilation à commande automatique pour le système de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451451B1
EP0451451B1 EP91101584A EP91101584A EP0451451B1 EP 0451451 B1 EP0451451 B1 EP 0451451B1 EP 91101584 A EP91101584 A EP 91101584A EP 91101584 A EP91101584 A EP 91101584A EP 0451451 B1 EP0451451 B1 EP 0451451B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
thermostat
switching arrangement
arrangement according
clutch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91101584A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0451451A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Ryba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mair-Egg Harald Dr
Original Assignee
Mair-Egg Harald Dr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mair-Egg Harald Dr filed Critical Mair-Egg Harald Dr
Publication of EP0451451A1 publication Critical patent/EP0451451A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0451451B1 publication Critical patent/EP0451451B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/28—Automatic clutches actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/02—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air
    • F01P7/08—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps
    • F01P7/081—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches
    • F01P7/082—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches using friction clutches
    • F01P7/087—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches using friction clutches actuated directly by deformation of a thermostatic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/02—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air
    • F01P7/08—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps
    • F01P7/081—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches
    • F01P7/082—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches using friction clutches
    • F01P7/088—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches using friction clutches actuated in response to driving speed, e.g. by centrifugal devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/25—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by thermo-responsive elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device of a fan arranged in a cooling system of a motor vehicle with a friction clutch, via which the fan can be coupled to the drive shaft of the motor of the motor vehicle and a thermostat consisting of a gas-tight metal bellows, which has a solid and a flexible wall and a liquid contains, the vapor pressure engages the clutch in a predetermined temperature range.
  • fans In vehicles with internal combustion engines, fans must be arranged in the cooling system in order to achieve the necessary heat dissipation in all driving conditions.
  • a fan for motor vehicles of the type mentioned is known from EP-A-52 853 in this fan.
  • it couples the fan due to the vapor pressure of the filling medium, which is already boiling inside in the critical temperature range, via its flexible wall to the drive shaft of the motor and then runs with the blades of the fan.
  • the contact pressure between the thermostat and the counter clutch of the fan is further increased by the centrifugal force of the residual liquid portion remaining in the thermostat.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a construction whose construction is particularly simple and inexpensive and which makes it possible to control the fan either as a function of the temperature of the cooling water flow or as a function of the temperature of the cooling air flow.
  • this is achieved in that the thermostat rotates together with the water pump shaft and in that the bellows measurements and the filling quantity of the liquid medium contained in the thermostat are coordinated with one another in such a way that when the thermostat rotates before it is coupled to the fan due to the on the Filling medium of the thermostat exerted centrifugal forces liquid ring practically outside the effective bellows cross-section (a w ) remains and that the coupling of the fan in a predetermined temperature range is practically caused exclusively by the vapor pressure of the filling medium arising in the thermostat.
  • the fixed wall of the thermostat is in the cooling water flow and the temperature of the cooling water flow causes the fan to be switched on.
  • the design principle according to the invention can also be applied to a thermostat located in the cooling air flow.
  • the fixed wall of the thermostat is firmly connected to the water pump shaft and the flexible wall is arranged on the water pump shaft so as to be longitudinally displaceable.
  • the fixed wall of the thermostat is exposed to the cooling air flow and the flexible wall couples the fan to the water pump shaft via the friction clutch when a predetermined temperature range is reached.
  • the particular advantage of this training lies in the fact that the majority of the components can be injection molded in a simple manner from thermoplastic material, as a result of which the coupling can be produced particularly inexpensively.
  • the housing 1 of a water pump is connected to the engine of the motor vehicle in a known manner.
  • the water pump shaft 2 is mounted with ball bearings 3 in the housing 1.
  • the pump impeller 4 is pressed.
  • a shaft seal 5 separates the water from the bearing part.
  • a sleeve 6 is also pressed onto the water pump shaft 2, in which a V-belt pulley formed from the parts 7 and 8 is fastened with rivets 9 for a V-belt (not shown) which brings about the connection to the motor shaft.
  • the water powder shaft 2 is driven and the flow of the cooling water is effected.
  • One sleeve of the ball bearing 10 carrying the fan hub 13 is arranged on the sleeve 6 and secured against axial displacement by means of a snap ring 12.
  • the opposite housing shells of the ball bearings 10 sit on the fan hub 13 and are secured there with a snap ring 11 against axial displacement.
  • the fan formed from the hub 13 and the outer part 14, which carries the blades 15 and 16 can rotate freely around the water pump shaft 2.
  • a snap ring 17 secures the sleeve 6 against axial displacement.
  • the fan parts 13 and 14 are made in one piece from thermoplastic, which enables particularly cost-effective production. also inject the insert for the housing of the ball bearing 10.
  • the water pump shaft 2 is designed as a hollow shaft.
  • a rod 19 is arranged axially displaceable.
  • One end of the rod 19 protrudes slightly above the water pump wall 2 and ends in the vertical plane of the outer surface of the pump impeller 4.
  • the outer edges of the fixed shell 31 of a thermostat 23 are fastened to the outer surface of the pump impeller 4 by means of rivets 30.
  • the thermostat 20 thus rotates together with the water pump impeller 4.
  • the thermostat 20 is formed by a metal bellows with a plurality of bellows shafts 32.
  • the inner diameter of the bellows determined by the bellows shaft depth is d 1 mm. Its outer diameter d2mm.
  • the movable wall (membrane) 33 of the thermostat 20 is reinforced with a washer 34.
  • the number of bellows shafts 32 is determined from the desired axial displacement of the movable wall 33 required for the coupling process. It is on average between 2 and 4 mm.
  • the front end of the rod 19 lies tightly from the outside against the movable wall 33/34 of the thermostat 20.
  • an easily deflectable disk 35 in the form of a wave membrane is provided.
  • a friction disk 21 (see FIGS. 1-2) which extends through a slot 29 in the water pump shaft 2 and is positively mounted on the rod 19 with the aid of two lugs 27 and 28. With the help of the rod 19, axial movements of the diaphragm 33/34 of the thermostat 20 can thus be transmitted to the friction disk 21.
  • a counter friction disc 22 is fastened with screws 23 opposite the friction disc 21 on the outer part 14 of the fan.
  • the counter friction disk 22 forms the end plate of the fan.
  • an annular disk spring 24 is placed against the friction disk 21.
  • the inner edge of the disk spring 24 is held against an axial displacement on the water pump shaft 2 by means of a ring 25 and a circlip 26 (see FIG. 3).
  • the spring tension counteracts an axial displacement of the rod 19 via the friction disk 21 and thus also the movement of the membrane 33/34 caused by the vapor pressure of the filling medium in the thermostat. Only after the spring force of the plate spring 24 has been overcome does the friction disk 21 come into contact with the coupling part of the counter friction disk 22 and cause the torque to be transmitted to the fan.
  • Freons in particular Freon CCl3F, have proven particularly useful.
  • FIG. 2 The construction of an automatically switchable fan shown in FIG. 2 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 1. Corresponding parts are therefore identified by corresponding reference numerals and need not be described again in connection with FIG. 2.
  • the design differences of the design according to FIG. 2 are limited to the inner and outer parts 13 and 14 of the fan.
  • a circumferential groove 38 is provided in the hub 13 of the fan surrounding the sleeve 6, into which a hose 37 filled with a liquid, for example water, is inserted.
  • the clutch formed from the friction disk 21 and the friction disk 22 engages due to a sufficient axial displacement of the rod 19 and the fan begins to rotate the hose 37 filled with liquid also rotates.
  • the liquid is subjected to a centrifugal force, the axial component of which presses an axially displaceable friction disk 39, which is positively attached to the part 14 of the fan, against the rear surface of the friction disk 21 as soon as the clutch is set in motion by the thermostat 20.
  • a centrifugal force the axial component of which presses an axially displaceable friction disk 39, which is positively attached to the part 14 of the fan, against the rear surface of the friction disk 21 as soon as the clutch is set in motion by the thermostat 20.
  • the mode of operation of the automatically switchable fan according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows:
  • the thermostat 20 designed as a metallic bellows with an axially movable diaphragm wall 33/34 has the outer diameter d2 and the inner diameter d1 determined by the depth of the bellows corrugations.
  • Freon 11 is selected as the filling medium.
  • the working range of the thermostat in the cooling water flow is between 70 ° C and 90 ° C - the vapor pressure of the filling medium inside the bellows causes an axial displacement of the membrane 33/44 and thus a displacement of the rod 19 in the direction of the friction disk 21.
  • the vapor pressure of the filling medium transmitted through the rod 19 overcomes the counterforce of the plate spring 24 and engages the clutch 21, 22.
  • the fan turns.
  • thermostat designed as a gas-tight container with its fixed wall 50 on the end of the water pump shaft 2 carrying the fan 13, 14, 15, 16 by means of a Bolt 54 is fixed and thus exposed to the cooling air flow and not as in the 8e examples described above, the cooling water flow.
  • the construction of the thermostat largely responds to that according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It consists of a fixed wall 50, the metal bellows with the bellows shafts 51 and a flexible wall 52.
  • the counter friction disk 58 is injected into the parts of the fan made in one piece from thermoplastic plastic, namely its wing parts 15 and 16, the outer fan part 14 and the hub 13.
  • the fan hub 13 and the outer fan part 14 form part of the coupling and can be molded in one piece from plastic.
  • the dimensioning of the metal bellows with the bellows shafts 51 should be selected so that in the temperature range in question the liquid filling medium is only in the area of the bellows waves, i.e. the effective bellows cross-section remains free of liquid medium and thus with the fan switched off but with the water pump shaft rotating 2, no axial force is exerted on the flexible wall 52 of the thermostat.
  • the same considerations apply with regard to the selection of the thermostat as have already been discussed in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the fixed wall 50 of the thermostat lies in the cooling air flow, while the thermostat rotates together with the water pump shaft 2 and is decoupled from the fan 13, 14, 15, 16.
  • the disc spring 55 can be used to determine the value at which the vapor pressure in the area of the effective bellows cross-sectional area exerts such an axially directed pressure on the flexible wall 52 of the thermostat that the coupling parts 53 and 58 engage with one another and the fan engages with the water pump shaft 2 rotates and turns until sufficient cooling is achieved and the temperature of the cooling air flow falls below the switching temperature, the coupling elements disengage again and the fan is disengaged again.
  • an increase in the coupling force is achieved by a plastic housing part 57 inserted into the outer fan part 14, into which an annular hose 59 filled with a liquid is inserted.
  • the liquid in the hose is subjected to a centrifugal force, whose axial component increases the contact pressure of the coupling parts 53 and 58.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif de commande d'un ventilateur (13, 14, 15, 16) implanté dans le système de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles avec
    - un embrayage à friction (21, 22, 39) grâce auquel on peut embrayer le ventilateur sur l'arbre d'entraînement du moteur du véhicule
    - et un thermostat (20) constitué d'un soufflet métallique hermétique au gaz (31, 32, 33), qui présente une paroi rigide (31) et une paroi souple (33) et contenant un liquide, dont la pression de vapeur met en prise l'embrayage dans un domaine de température prescrit,
    caractérisé en ce que le thermostat (20, 50, 51, 52) tourne avec l'arbre de la pompe à eau (2) et que les dimensions du soufflet et le remplissage de l'agent liquide se trouvant dans le thermostat sont adaptés l'un à l'autre de sorte que lors de la rotation du thermostat avant son embrayage sur le ventilateur, l'anneau de liquide formé par les forces centrifuges exercées sur l'agent de remplissage du thermostat reste pratiquement en dehors de la section efficace du soufflet (aw) et que l'embrayage du ventilateur dans un intervalle prescrit de température est exclusivement réalisé par la pression de vapeur de l'agent de remplissage créée dans le thermostat.
  2. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi rigide (31) du thermostat (20) est solidaire du rotor de pompe (4) et sa paroi souple (33/34) est disposée de façon à pouvoir coulisser en sens axial à l'une des extrémités d'un arbre de pompe à eau (2) exécuté en arbre creux, limitée par la tige (19) tournant avec l'arbre de pompe à eau (2), une partie (21) de l'embrayage du ventilateur est en liaison avec l'autre extrémité, tandis que la contre pièce d'embrayage (22) est fixée directement au ventilateur.
  3. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on détermine la température de déclenchement du ventilateur par le choix de la précontrainte d'un dispositif de ressort (24) s'exerçant sur la tige (19), de préférence par l'intermédiaire de la pièce d'embrayage à friction (21) qui lui est reliée.
  4. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce d'embrayage à friction solidaire du corps de ventilation comprend deux surfaces de friction (22, 39) annulaires disposées à un certain intervalle l'une de l'autre, entre lesquelles s'insère la pièce d'accouplement (21) solidaire de la tige (29) et lors de l'embrayage elle exerce une pression s'appliquant sur ses deux surfaces.
  5. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi rigide (50) du thermostat (50, 51, 52) est solidaire de l'arbre de pompe à eau (2) et que la paroi souple (52) est disposée de façon à pouvoir coulisser longitudinalement sur l'arbre de pompe à eau (2), la paroi fixe (50) du thermostat étant exposée au courant d'air de refroidissement et la paroi souple quand elle atteint un domaine de température présent, embraie par l'embrayage à friction (53, 58) le ventilateur sur l'arbre de pompe à eau.
  6. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on peut déterminer la température de commande du ventilateur par le choix de la précontrainte d'un dispositif de ressort (55), qui s'exerce sur la paroi souple (50) du thermostat.
  7. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi souple (52) du thermostat enclenche le ventilateur par une pièce de friction (53) et une contre pièce (58) d'embrayage solidaire du corps de ventilateur.
  8. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit dans le corps de ventilateur (14) un anneau de liquide (37, 59) s'étendant concentriquement à l'arbre de pompe à eau (2) qui, après réalisation de l'embrayage tourne avec le ventilateur et par la composante axiale des forces centrifuges créées renforce la pression d'application des pièces d'embrayage (21, 22 ou 53, 58).
  9. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoir une pièce de boîtier (57) pour l'anneau de liquide (59) qui est fixée solidement au moyeu de ventilateur (13), de préférence au moyen d'une vis (60).
  10. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de boîtier (57) est en matière plastique.
  11. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la contre pièce d'embrayage (58) disposée sur le corps de ventilateur est en métal.
  12. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyeu de ventilateur (13) est en matière thermoplastique.
  13. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on moule par injection la contre pièce d'embrayage (58) en métal dans le corps moulé en matière plastique du moyeu de ventilateur (13).
  14. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyeu de ventilateur (13) et la partie externe de ventilateur (14) ainsi que les pièces de pales (15 et 16) du ventilateur, sont formés d'une pièce et sont constitués de matière thermoplastique.
  15. Dispositif de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyeu (13) dans lequel sont formées aussi des pièces de l'embrayage est en matière thermoplastique.
EP91101584A 1990-04-12 1991-02-06 Ventilation à commande automatique pour le système de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles Expired - Lifetime EP0451451B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4011946 1990-04-12
DE4011946 1990-04-12
DE4035510A DE4035510A1 (de) 1990-04-12 1990-11-08 Selbsttaetig schaltbarer ventilator fuer das kuehlsystem von kraftfahrzeugen
DE4035510 1990-11-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451451A1 EP0451451A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
EP0451451B1 true EP0451451B1 (fr) 1994-04-20

Family

ID=25892176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101584A Expired - Lifetime EP0451451B1 (fr) 1990-04-12 1991-02-06 Ventilation à commande automatique pour le système de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5181483A (fr)
EP (1) EP0451451B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04228819A (fr)
DE (2) DE4035510A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10047387B4 (de) * 2000-09-25 2013-09-12 GPM Geräte- und Pumpenbau GmbH Dr. Eugen Schmidt, Merbelsrod Elektrisch angetriebene Kühlmittelpumpe
US20080282999A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Shindaiwa, Inc. Engine fan control method and apparatus
KR100928143B1 (ko) * 2008-06-27 2009-11-24 지엠비코리아 주식회사 워터펌프의 전자클러치
CN104863984B (zh) * 2015-04-03 2017-08-15 贵州派腾科技服务有限公司 一种新型汽车离合器
CN107448494A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2017-12-08 芜湖禾丰离合器有限公司 一种设有限位块的离合器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1053251A (fr) * 1900-01-01
US1820035A (en) * 1928-02-18 1931-08-25 Stokes Charles Lawrence Temperature regulator
US2005468A (en) * 1933-03-03 1935-06-18 Modine Mfg Co Engine cooling device
US2438161A (en) * 1945-06-22 1948-03-23 Studebaker Corp Temperature control for engines
US2652816A (en) * 1949-03-26 1953-09-22 Adiel Y Dodge Thermostatically controlled clutch and fan drive
US3103308A (en) * 1958-07-11 1963-09-10 Gen Motors Corp Drives for vehicle engine cooling fans
US3053363A (en) * 1959-07-31 1962-09-11 Schwitzer Corp Air sensing fan drive
DE1403492A1 (de) * 1960-12-08 1968-12-12 Daimler Benz Ag Luefter fuer die Fahrzeugkuehlung u.dgl.
GB1329044A (en) * 1971-07-31 1973-09-05 Concentric Pumps Ltd Cooling fans for liquid-cooled internal combustion engines
AT369510B (de) * 1975-10-22 1983-01-10 Ryba Anton Selbsttaetig schaltbarer ventilator fuer das kuehlsystem von verbrennungsmotoren
US4304321A (en) * 1979-01-18 1981-12-08 Standard-Thomson Corporation Thermally responsive actuator device particularly for automotive fan clutch
DE3043929A1 (de) * 1980-11-21 1982-05-27 AUVE Patentverwertungsgesellschaft mbH, 8000 München "selbsttaetig schaltbarer ventilator fuer kuehlsysteme von verbrennungsmotoren"
US4471861A (en) * 1981-10-05 1984-09-18 Borg-Warner Corporation Speed and temperature responsive drive apparatus
DE3228741A1 (de) * 1982-07-31 1984-02-02 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg Luefteranlage fuer in kraftfahrzeuge einzubauende, fluessigkeitsgekuehlte brennkraftmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04228819A (ja) 1992-08-18
EP0451451A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
DE59101420D1 (de) 1994-05-26
US5181483A (en) 1993-01-26
DE4035510A1 (de) 1991-10-17

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