EP0448977A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une tige de tabac ou de filtre coaxiale - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une tige de tabac ou de filtre coaxiale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0448977A2
EP0448977A2 EP91102958A EP91102958A EP0448977A2 EP 0448977 A2 EP0448977 A2 EP 0448977A2 EP 91102958 A EP91102958 A EP 91102958A EP 91102958 A EP91102958 A EP 91102958A EP 0448977 A2 EP0448977 A2 EP 0448977A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strand
store
preformed
memory
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91102958A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0448977B1 (fr
EP0448977A3 (en
Inventor
Otto Blaffert
Meinhard Dipl.-Ing. Meier
Herbert Struck
Arno Dipl.-Ing. Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco Germany GmbH, BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Publication of EP0448977A2 publication Critical patent/EP0448977A2/fr
Publication of EP0448977A3 publication Critical patent/EP0448977A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0448977B1 publication Critical patent/EP0448977B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/14—Machines of the continuous-rod type
    • A24C5/18—Forming the rod
    • A24C5/1821—Forming the rod containing different tobacco mixtures, e.g. composite rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing coaxial tobacco or filter strands according to the preambles of claims 1 and 16 and to a coaxial tobacco or filter strand produced using this method.
  • a generic method for producing a cigarette is known from DE-OS 36 02 846.
  • the preformed strand is fed into the format of a cigarette making machine and is wrapped there with a web of an outer wrapping material and a stream of a smoking material. Both the preformed The strand as well as the resulting coaxial strand are produced in separate strand machines arranged directly one behind the other.
  • the known method has the disadvantage that in the event of faults in one of the strand machines, both strand machines are always shut down. The overall efficiency is drastically reduced.
  • the present invention pursues the aim of largely eliminating the disadvantages of the prior art;
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a method and a device with which coaxial tobacco or filter strands can be produced with a significantly increased efficiency.
  • the two production machines can be decoupled that lead to a decisive increase in the overall efficiency of the two manufacturing machines, which will be referred to below as extruders.
  • the preformed strand can be stored independently, solely following gravity, in the memory which is rotated about its longitudinal axis.
  • the subsequent unloading of the preformed strand from the store is made considerably easier in so far as the avoidance of intertwining or crosswise superimposed strand turns of a layer prevents tearing of the preformed strand and reduces natural vibrations of the strand.
  • deflection devices in particular deflection rollers and / or transport rollers, such that the preformed strand can be lowered into the memory from above.
  • a control device is present with which the rotation speed of the storage can be controlled so that the storage near the storage axis of the storage turns faster, while it turns more slowly with increasing deposit radius and vice versa.
  • control device In order to be able to store different diameters of the prefabricated strand in an orderly manner in the memory, it is advantageous if the control device also makes the change in the rotational speed of the memory dependent on the radius dependent on the diameter of the prefabricated strand. This has the advantage that the method according to the invention can be used even more variably.
  • the preformed strand can be stored in the memory in an even more orderly manner if it is introduced into the memory in such a way that the storage area in the memory corresponds to a theoretically calculated, currently valid point of a spiral in the memory, the calculation parameters for the spirals and others. consist of the strand thickness, the minimum and the maximum diameter of the storage and the storage speed.
  • the storage device can have an arm that is driven by a motor and is displaceably mounted along the radius of the storage device and that is provided with a guide rail. The motor drive of the arm is supplied with control pulses by a control device.
  • a body When loading, a body is provided in the store, which can later be removed from the store. This then creates a cavity through which a later unloading process can easily be carried out. This avoids that the strand is designed with a too narrow radius, which could tear or break. So this body serves as a kind of coil core.
  • the storage device When unloading, the storage device can be operated essentially at a constant rotational speed, although, of course, changing rotational speeds can also be used.
  • changing rotational speeds can also be used.
  • the strand is removed from the storage via a guide arranged above the storage.
  • the guide can consist of a hollow cylinder which narrows conically towards the center and widens again from the center, which can "strip off" the natural vibrations of the prefabricated strand that is passed through.
  • the rotational speed at which the accumulator is rotated via the tensile force acting on the prefabricated strand can be additionally control the rotational speed at which the accumulator is rotated via the tensile force acting on the prefabricated strand.
  • the prefabricated strand removed from the memory can be deflected, for example, via a roller. This role can be held by a weight or pressure sensitive measuring device. As soon as the tensile force acting on the prefabricated strand increases, this is indicated by the weight- or pressure-sensitive measuring device, which forwards the measured value to a control device.
  • the control device now supplies a control pulse to the motor that rotates the accumulator, which causes the motor and thus the accumulator to rotate faster, thereby reducing the tensile force loading the prefabricated strand.
  • the tensile force can of course also be increased if the measuring device detects an impermissible drop in the tensile force acting on the prefabricated strand.
  • Such a configuration has the advantage that the prefabricated Strand that has different transport properties, such as diameter, weight per unit length and the like. can always run into the format of the second strand machine under the same conditions. This measure guarantees a uniform quality of the process or device product.
  • the tensile force acting on the strand can still be controlled by deflecting the deflection roller to a greater or lesser extent.
  • the unloading of the prefabricated strand can additionally be made more uniform in that the unloading device is tracked within predetermined limit values in accordance with the fill level of the store or the distance between the guide and the takeoff point.
  • the guide device can either be raised or lowered by a motor, or the height of the bottom of the store can be moved.
  • sensors can be provided in the reservoir at certain heights, which measure the current fill level. Based on the measured values, a controlled motor, which is coupled to the unloading or guiding device, can make the necessary adjustments to the fill level.
  • each turntable should have the counter coupling belonging to the coupling on the storage device, in order to be able to realize the aforementioned advantage.
  • a drive shaft can also be provided, onto which the store for loading or unloading is placed or plugged, the drive shaft also having a counterpart to the clutch on the store.
  • first strand machine 20 and the second strand machine 40 are designed essentially as is known from DE-OS 36 02 846.
  • the reference numeral 20 designates a first strand machine which produces a preformed strand from a filler material and a first casing.
  • Devices for transporting, lifting and depositing the preformed strand 12 into a memory 10 are indicated by the reference numerals 22 and 14. These are essentially conveyor rollers 22 as well as transport rollers or conveyor rollers 14 for lifting or depositing the preformed strand 12 into the store 10.
  • the store 10 is a barrel-like container, the storage volume of which is given towards the inside of the container by a wall 44 or through a body 45 and towards the outside of the container through a peripheral wall 46.
  • the body 45 can be removed from the memory 10.
  • the spiral-shaped layers of the preformed strand 12 laid out in the memory 10 are indicated by the reference symbol 12a.
  • the bottom 48 of the memory 10 can be moved in height.
  • the storage height or the height difference between the loading device 14 and the current position of the preformed strand can be kept constant during the storage process of the preformed strand 12 in the store 10. This possibility can also be used during the unloading process.
  • a motor 16 controlled by a control device 18 via a control line 26 causes the storage device 10 to rotate about its vertical axis.
  • the speed at which the memory 10 is rotated by the motor 16 is variable and depends on the production parameters of the strand machine 20, which are transmitted to the control device 18 via a data line 24 for evaluation and determination of the necessary rotational speed.
  • the data used to determine the speed of rotation exist e.g. from the production speed at which the preformed strand 12 runs out of the strand machine 20 or with which the preformed strand 12 is transported and deposited, and the diameter of the preformed strand 12.
  • the dimensions of the memory 10 also go into the calculation of the currently valid one Speed.
  • the memory 10 can be provided with a clutch, not shown here, with which it is placed, for example, on a turntable which is provided with the counterpart for coupling the memory 10.
  • the turntable is driven by the motor 16. It is also possible to establish the mechanical and motor connection between the motor 16 and the To produce memory 10 by a connecting shaft on which said coupling part is provided.
  • Such couplings are preferably designed as quick couplings.
  • the preformed strand 12 runs out of the strand machine 20 in the direction of arrow 50 from the strand machine.
  • Corresponding measuring devices in the strand machine 20 permanently provide data about the production speed and production parameters of the preformed strand via the data line 24 to the control device 18.
  • the preformed strand 12 is fed to the loading device via one or more transport or conveyor rollers 22 in the direction of arrow 50 14 funded.
  • the preformed strand 12 can also be raised.
  • the strand 12 is then lowered into the rotating accumulator 10.
  • the strand 12 is deposited in layers in a spiral from the outside in and then from the inside out, etc.
  • the speed of rotation of the store 10 is adjusted so that the product of the speed of the store 10 and its current storage volume is equal to the production speed or conveying speed with which the preformed strand 12 is manufactured by the strand machine 20 or transported by it to the store 10 becomes.
  • the diameter of the preformed strand is also used to determine the currently valid deposit radius, which can be done quite simply by addition or subtraction. Additional safety distances between the individual strand turns of a layer can also be taken into account.
  • FIG. 2 contains all the essential features of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • an arm 28 is provided here, which is connected to a Guide 32 is equipped.
  • the arm 28 is displaceable in the radial direction of the rotationally symmetrical accumulator 10 via a motor 16a.
  • the displacement of the arm 28 and thus the guide 32 is controlled so that the preformed strand 12 can be deposited vertically from top to bottom in the memory 10.
  • the controller 18 receives information about the current position of the guide 32 or of the arm 28 via a data line 24a.
  • the control device 18 is able to use the data on the thickness of the strand 12 and the rotational speed as well as the dimensions of the memory 10 Time to calculate theoretically valid storage radius in memory 10.
  • the preformed strand 12a stored in the memory 10 on the one hand forms layers that are as dense as possible, but on the other hand that there are no overlaps between adjacent strand turns. This is necessary in order to utilize the storage capacity of the memory 10 as completely as possible and to avoid entanglement of the spiral windings or the layers due to the large distances between the spiral windings or layers. Incorrect loading results can damage or even tear off the preformed strand when the storage device 10 is subsequently unloaded.
  • control pulses resulting from the calculation by the control device 18 are transmitted via a data line 26a to the motor 16a, which sets the currently required position of the arm 28 or the guide 32.
  • FIG. 3 shows all the essential features of the embodiments according to FIG. 2 or according to FIG. 1.
  • this embodiment there is the possibility of changing the height of the guide 32. This change is dependent on the instantaneous fill level of the preformed strand 12a in the store 10.
  • Sensors 42 for determining the instantaneous fill level of the store 10 are provided on the outer wall 46 of the store 10.
  • the sensors pass on their measurement signals via data lines 24c to a control device 18a (this function could also be performed by the control device 18).
  • the control device 18a gives control pulses to a motor 16b which moves the guide 32 up and down via a holding device 30 which is installed on the arm 28.
  • This configuration makes it possible to place the preformed strand 12 even more precisely in the memory 10. It would also be conceivable to provide further guides or even a longer guide tube between the part 14 of the loading device and the guide 32.
  • the memory 10 can be exchanged for an empty memory 10 after it is completely filled.
  • the stores 10 can then be stored as required or can also be passed on to a second strand machine 40 or an unloading device connected to it.
  • the part of a device for producing coaxial tobacco or filter strands shown in FIG. 4 contains a second strand machine 40, in which the preformed strand 12 is provided with filter or smokable material and a further covering.
  • the preformed strand 12 is first removed from the memory 10.
  • the speed of rotation can be constant or variable.
  • the guide 32 'of the unloading device is designed such that natural vibrations of the preformed strand 12 can be reduced. This is necessary because the strand 12 has the rotational movement of the memory 10. This, seen from above, the spiral natural vibration of the strand 12 is "stripped" by a correspondingly shaped guide 32 'and thus almost eliminated.
  • the guide 32 ′ is provided with a passage which tapers continuously in the transport direction and is arranged on the vertical central axis of the store 10. The passage can widen again after it has reached a certain degree of rejuvenation.
  • the inner profile of the guide part 32 'can also have a hyperbolic shape or the like. to have.
  • the memory 10 is coupled to the motor 16 and the end of the preformed strand 12 is threaded into the unloading device or into the strand machine 40.
  • the threading path runs through the guide 32 ', over the transport rollers 14a, 22 and finally into the second strand machine 40.
  • the second strand machine 40 regulates the rotational speed of the memory 10 essentially via its processing speed by means of the control device 18 and the motor 16.
  • the memory 10 is decoupled from the motor 16, and another filled reservoir 10 is connected to the motor 16 for further processing of the preformed strand 12 stored therein to the unloading device 32 ', 14a, 22 in order to be further processed in the strand machine 40.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 corresponds essentially to the embodiment according to FIG. 4 and is equipped with a measuring device for detecting the tensile force acting on the preformed strand 12.
  • the measuring device has a movable roller 34a which bears against a resilient sensor part 34b presses. This part 34b can register the compressive force with which the preformed strand 12 acts on the roller 34a. Since this compressive force of the strand 12 is proportional to the tensile force that acts on the preformed strand 12, the tensile force can be detected.
  • control device 18 sends control pulses to the drive motor 16, whereupon the memory 10 is rotated at a higher speed and thus the preformed strand 12 is relieved.
  • the measuring part 34b it is possible to supplement the measuring part 34b with a deflecting part which, depending on the acceptable tensile force, either deflects the roller 34a in the direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance of the strand 12, or if the tensile force becomes too low, which could cause the strand 12 to sag , the tensile force is increased by a greater deflection of the roller 34a.
  • a deflecting part which, depending on the acceptable tensile force, either deflects the roller 34a in the direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance of the strand 12, or if the tensile force becomes too low, which could cause the strand 12 to sag , the tensile force is increased by a greater deflection of the roller 34a.
  • control data necessary for this are determined by the controller 18.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has essentially the same features as the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 contains the possibility of moving the guide 32 ′ in height in order to ensure that the guide properties and thus the loads acting on the preformed strand 12 remain unchanged regardless of the fill level of the store 10.
  • sensors 42 are attached to the accumulator 10 at different heights.
  • the sensors 42 receive a reflection signal, possibly from an additional light source, they emit a corresponding signal to the controller 18a, which thus knows that the spiral of the strand 12 is no longer present at the height of the corresponding sensor or sensors 42.
  • the sensors 42 can be mounted on a bar that is permanently installed, for example on the housing of the motor 16, which has the advantage that not every individual memory 10 has to be provided with sensors and there are therefore no problems with the handling of control lines , for example via sliding contacts. This function could also be performed with a single sensor that can be moved along the bar.
  • the sensors 42 forward current measured values on the current fill level of the memory 10 to the control device 18a via the control line 24c.
  • Control data are generated in the control device 18a, which cause a motor 16b to move the height of the guide 32 'via a holder 30a with which the guide 32' is held on the motor 16b.
  • This tobacco or filter strand 100 consists of an inner strand 110 produced in the first strand machine 20 and made of a filling material. This filler is surrounded by a first wrapper 112, for example paper.
  • the inner strand 110 is surrounded by filter or smokable material 104. Finally, there is an outer wrapping, for example paper.
  • the inner strand 110 is arranged coaxially in the outer strand.
  • the efficiency in the known direct coupling of the first strand machine 20 to the second strand machine 40 is calculated at 60% if each of the two strand machines 20, 40 works with an efficiency of 80%.
  • the indirect coupling according to the invention of the first strand machine 20 to the second strand machine 40 via storage 10 and loading and unloading devices leads to an overall efficiency of 75%, although in the example given here the respective efficiency is only 75% in the strand machine.
  • the reservoir 10 had an outer diameter of 1.25 m, an inner diameter of 0.4 m and a height of 1.0 m.
  • a degree of filling (volume utilization) of approx. 55% a string length of 11,000 m could be accommodated in the store 10. This degree of filling enabled a production time in the strand machine 40 of approximately 48 minutes at a strand speed of 5 m / s (corresponding to 300 m / min).

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
EP91102958A 1990-03-26 1991-02-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une tige de tabac ou de filtre coaxiale Expired - Lifetime EP0448977B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4009657 1990-03-26
DE4009657A DE4009657C2 (de) 1990-03-26 1990-03-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung koaxialer Tabak- oder Filterstränge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0448977A2 true EP0448977A2 (fr) 1991-10-02
EP0448977A3 EP0448977A3 (en) 1993-01-13
EP0448977B1 EP0448977B1 (fr) 1996-01-17

Family

ID=6403073

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91102958A Expired - Lifetime EP0448977B1 (fr) 1990-03-26 1991-02-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une tige de tabac ou de filtre coaxiale

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5201328A (fr)
EP (1) EP0448977B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3248921B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE133039T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4009657C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0448977T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2084050T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3018950T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2449896A1 (fr) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-09 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Dispositif de fabrication de filtres coaxiales pour des articles à fumer en forme de tiges

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008016827A1 (de) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-08 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung zum Transport eines Filtertows
DE102010043348A1 (de) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-03 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Koaxilafiltern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102010043350A1 (de) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-03 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Koaxialfiltern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
AT514862B1 (de) * 2013-09-27 2015-06-15 Tannpapier Gmbh Beschichtungsverfahren

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162199A (en) * 1961-04-21 1964-12-22 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Smoking articles having encapsulated tobacco additives and their manufacture
US3445077A (en) * 1967-08-03 1969-05-20 Nassau Smelting & Refining Co Strand distributing and receiving apparatus and method
DE2332904A1 (de) * 1972-06-30 1974-01-10 Gen Electric Regelsystem fuer archimedische spirale
DE2352679A1 (de) * 1973-10-20 1975-04-30 Schloemann Siemag Ag Drehkorbhaspel fuer grosse bunde
GB2069310A (en) * 1980-02-20 1981-08-26 Molins Ltd Manufacture of cigarettes
GB2070409A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-09 British American Tobacco Co Filament, comprising smoke- modifying agent, in smoking article
EP0081446A1 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-15 France Transfo (S.A.) Procédé et dispositif de bobinage des enroulements inductifs équipant les appareils électriques, tels que les transformateurs
FR2574058A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Standard Products Dispositif d'enroulement automatique d'un element profile en elastomere ou en plastomere
DE3602846A1 (de) * 1985-02-01 1986-08-07 British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd., London Rauchbarer artikel
US4709452A (en) * 1985-06-06 1987-12-01 Platt Saco Lowell Corporation Method and means of coiling start-up which prevents sliver slingover

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1305900A (fr) * 1969-04-02 1973-02-07
DE7904002U1 (de) * 1979-02-14 1979-06-28 Julius Glatz Gmbh, 6731 Neidenfels Zigarette

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162199A (en) * 1961-04-21 1964-12-22 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Smoking articles having encapsulated tobacco additives and their manufacture
US3445077A (en) * 1967-08-03 1969-05-20 Nassau Smelting & Refining Co Strand distributing and receiving apparatus and method
DE2332904A1 (de) * 1972-06-30 1974-01-10 Gen Electric Regelsystem fuer archimedische spirale
DE2352679A1 (de) * 1973-10-20 1975-04-30 Schloemann Siemag Ag Drehkorbhaspel fuer grosse bunde
GB2070409A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-09 British American Tobacco Co Filament, comprising smoke- modifying agent, in smoking article
GB2069310A (en) * 1980-02-20 1981-08-26 Molins Ltd Manufacture of cigarettes
EP0081446A1 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-15 France Transfo (S.A.) Procédé et dispositif de bobinage des enroulements inductifs équipant les appareils électriques, tels que les transformateurs
FR2574058A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Standard Products Dispositif d'enroulement automatique d'un element profile en elastomere ou en plastomere
DE3602846A1 (de) * 1985-02-01 1986-08-07 British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd., London Rauchbarer artikel
US4709452A (en) * 1985-06-06 1987-12-01 Platt Saco Lowell Corporation Method and means of coiling start-up which prevents sliver slingover

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2449896A1 (fr) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-09 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Dispositif de fabrication de filtres coaxiales pour des articles à fumer en forme de tiges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3018950T3 (en) 1996-05-31
DE4009657C2 (de) 1994-04-07
EP0448977B1 (fr) 1996-01-17
DE4009657A1 (de) 1991-10-02
ATE133039T1 (de) 1996-02-15
US5201328A (en) 1993-04-13
DK0448977T3 (da) 1996-05-28
ES2084050T3 (es) 1996-05-01
DE59107263D1 (de) 1996-02-29
JPH04211353A (ja) 1992-08-03
JP3248921B2 (ja) 2002-01-21
EP0448977A3 (en) 1993-01-13

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