EP0443596B2 - Pyrolyseverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Pyrolyseverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0443596B2
EP0443596B2 EP91102603A EP91102603A EP0443596B2 EP 0443596 B2 EP0443596 B2 EP 0443596B2 EP 91102603 A EP91102603 A EP 91102603A EP 91102603 A EP91102603 A EP 91102603A EP 0443596 B2 EP0443596 B2 EP 0443596B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
chamber
waste
compressed
melt
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EP91102603A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0443596A1 (de
EP0443596B1 (de
Inventor
Günter H. Kiss
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Thermoselect AG
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Thermoselect AG
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Priority claimed from DE4005804A external-priority patent/DE4005804A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19904011945 external-priority patent/DE4011945C1/de
Priority claimed from DE19904022535 external-priority patent/DE4022535C1/de
Priority claimed from DE19904033314 external-priority patent/DE4033314C1/de
Priority claimed from DE4040377A external-priority patent/DE4040377C1/de
Priority to AT91102603T priority Critical patent/ATE95223T1/de
Application filed by Thermoselect AG filed Critical Thermoselect AG
Publication of EP0443596A1 publication Critical patent/EP0443596A1/de
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Pyrolysev experienced for degassing waste of all kinds and to devices for performing the method.
  • Waste disposal methods that have been practiced or tested so far are inadequate and unconvincing with regard to the environmental problems that arise. This applies both to the intermediate storage as well as to the transport from and to the disposal facilities and especially to the processing of the waste.
  • waste is understood to mean normal household and industrial waste, industrial wrecks, but also special waste or landfill that has already been deposited.
  • Waste incineration plants are a known alternative solution to landfill filling.
  • burning waste has many other disadvantages. So far, combustion has been carried out with very poor efficiency and a high level of pollutants. Considerable investment and operating costs are required for the relevant incineration plants.
  • WO 81/03629 describes a procedure in which moist waste is subjected to pyrolysis and is dewatered by pressing together before passing through this stage. The major part of the liquid, including organic components, is removed.
  • the waste compressed into blocks is heated from the outside in a furnace and pyrolyzed in order to avoid caking or aggravating the feed, an expanding chamber cross section of the furnace is used, which prevents the blocks from all-round contact with the wall.
  • the pyrolyzed material is then burned in a downstream shaft and the resulting hot exhaust gases are used to heat the blocks in the pyrolysis stage.
  • degassing reactors are known for example from AT-PS 116 725 and AT-PS 363 577. They show a large number of problems that have not yet been solved satisfactorily.
  • the waste to be pyrolyzed must be pre-shredded, which causes high costs, noise pollution and dust. It is also necessary that atmospheric air has to be introduced in large throughputs, possibly with additional oxygen, with the organic constituents for pyrolysis, which results in only a low efficiency.
  • the heating of the waste is relatively slow.
  • the pyrolysis furnaces with economically justifiable throughput have a large volume and are at the limit of mechanical strength at the required temperatures of over 450 ° C. They are only suitable for operation at around atmospheric pressure.
  • the degassing reactors In order to prevent gaseous pollutants from escaping, the degassing reactors must be absolutely gas-tight, which necessitates expensive, temperature-sensitive lock constructions and seals.
  • comminuted waste is subjected to a heat treatment in a closed space in that some constituents are burned while supplying an oxygen-containing combustion gas, while other constituents are subjected to a pyrolysis reaction.
  • the combustion is only completed in a second combustion stage by adding pure oxygen and thus increasing the temperature to 1,300 to 1,600 ° C.
  • a device for the selective separation of nonferromagnetic metals from a mixture of comminuted metallic scrap such as occurs in shredder plants (DE-AS 28 55 239).
  • several assigned discharge devices are provided via different heat baths with different, corresponding to the melting points of the non-ferrous metals, such as lead, zinc and aluminum.
  • a process for the pyrolytic degradation of industrial and household waste or similar waste materials in which the waste materials are decomposed in a reaction vessel by direct contact with a molten heat transfer medium, is known from DE-AS 23 04 369.
  • the appropriately preheated waste materials are continuously immersed in the molten heat transfer medium and the resulting decomposition products are conveyed to the surface by circulating the melt and are removed from there.
  • the heat transfer medium is a molten inorganic substance and can therefore consist of one or more metals, or alternatively also of a glass-like melt which is kept molten by the application of heat.
  • This procedure is intended to enable large quantities of heterogeneously combined waste materials to be pyrolytically broken down in an air-tight manner without complex pre-classification in a continuous workflow and to be converted into harmless or useful products.
  • the present invention is based on the object of improving pyrolysis, in particular heat transfer, and of specifying a corresponding device.
  • the waste can be easily with a stuffing device or the like.
  • the pre-compaction into a suitable geometric shape which according to the invention is adapted to a suitable container, prevents bulky constituents of the material to be disposed of hindering the subsequent compaction process during the subsequent compaction.
  • the material to be disposed of only has approximately 1/3 to approximately 1/20 of its original volume, which results in a correspondingly reduced storage and transport volume, regardless of a subsequent thermal degassing or pyrolysis of the material to be disposed of.
  • Advantageous conditions for the thermal recycling of the pyrolyzed disposal goods are that all degassing products can be subjected to a high-temperature treatment directly and without intermediate cooling.
  • the resulting compressed coke, together with the mineral or metallic components, can be easily removed and subjected to high-temperature treatment.
  • fission gas CO, H2
  • the reaction temperature is maintained by exothermic reaction of the coke in compressed form with oxygen.
  • the carbon dioxide released in this way reacts with carbon to carbon monoxide according to Boudouard's equilibrium. Optimal implementation and use of all products is ensured in the high-temperature reactor.
  • the high temperatures associated with carbon gasification and fission gas formation lead to a directly usable, high-energy process gas without condensable organic constituents being obtained with a greatly reduced water content.
  • the dense coke formed in the pressure pyrolysis and the process-related low flow velocities reduce the amount of dust in the process gas to a minimum.
  • meltable metallic and mineral components of the reaction products form a metal or slag melt with partially very different densities, so that material components can be separated easily and can be used efficiently.
  • the carbon gasification and fission gas formation coupled with the melting out of usable valuable materials, can also be carried out in an advantageous manner in a shaft furnace of known type, with oxygen being supplied to the shaft containing the compressed process coke in a known manner. Temperatures of more than 1,500 ° C can be easily generated in the solid pyrolysis residues, at which steel and other metals as well as glasses melt. These recyclables can be discharged in fractional tapping or in an overflow.
  • oxygen instead of air is of considerable advantage in order to achieve high temperatures, low gas velocities and volumes and to avoid the formation of nitrogen-oxygen compounds.
  • the escape of the volatile compounds formed by thermal cleavage from the tightly filled containers is favored if the front side is open and perforated metal pipes or the like. be used. With appropriate dimensioning, optimal conditions result with regard to the gas outlet, the manufacturing costs and the applicable degassing temperatures.
  • the material to be disposed of can also be pre-compacted for transport and intermediate storage in thermally decomposable containers made of mechanically solid material and later compacted in the thermally stable degassing pipes which are subjected to pyrolysis.
  • the compaction of household waste or the like. can be significantly improved if a sterilizing hot gas, preferably superheated steam, is applied to the material to be disposed of during the pre-compaction. This increases the possibility of its plasticization and the chemical stability of the material to be disposed of, as well as the shelf life without odor and gas formation.
  • a sterilizing hot gas preferably superheated steam
  • a periodically operating hammer which is driven mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically, can be used as the stuffing device for the compacting filling of the containers.
  • the densely filled containers are temporarily stored before they are sent for thermal recycling, then it is advantageous if the end faces of the tubular container filled with post-compacted waste are covered with thermally decomposable films or coatings. In this way, direct releases of pollutants to the environment are excluded, and, on the other hand, unpleasant smells are avoided.
  • the thermally decomposable cover can be used thermally in the subsequent pyrolysis.
  • bituminous coatings are suitable for this purpose, which can be applied inexpensively and easily. Otherwise, the containers behave practically self-cleaning when using the pressure pyrolysis according to the invention. Their use not only optimizes the conditions for pyrolysis itself, but also reduces the transport volume by approx. 80% when used as a transport container.
  • the result of the pyrolysis compressed pyrolysis coke has excellent flow properties, making it particularly suitable for subsequent coal gasification.
  • the pyrolysis material is introduced under compression into a pyrolysis chamber which consists of a single pyrolysis tube or a channel-like pyrolysis furnace and, while maintaining the compressed state, is pressed through the heated cross section through the heated tube or the channel, with the heat being supplied to the pyrolysis product by the same walls are in contact with pressure and the gaseous pyrolysis products that form are removed at elevated pressure.
  • a pyrolysis chamber which consists of a single pyrolysis tube or a channel-like pyrolysis furnace and, while maintaining the compressed state, is pressed through the heated cross section through the heated tube or the channel, with the heat being supplied to the pyrolysis product by the same walls are in contact with pressure and the gaseous pyrolysis products that form are removed at elevated pressure.
  • the forced conveyance of the compressed pyrolysis material ensures constant pressure contact between the pyrolysis material and the heated chamber wall, so that the heat transfer from the chamber walls to the pyrolysis material is optimized.
  • the volume loss in the pyrolysis chamber due to degassing (pyrolysis gas / water vapor) and / or discharge of solid components is compensated for by refilling and recompressing with pyrolysis material.
  • the higher pressure in the pyrolysis chamber guarantees a better forced flow of the pyrolysis material and the pyrolysis coke through the gaseous pyrolysis components, which leads to better heating and in addition to a shorter degassing time, so that a high performance of the system is guaranteed.
  • Compression, forced conveyance and post-compression of the pyrolysis material are carried out intermittently in an advantageous process development.
  • the pyrolysis material and the solid residues can be introduced in a simple manner in that the tubular or channel-shaped pyrolysis chamber may have adjustable cross-sectional constrictions on its inlet and outlet sides, so that plugs also form on the outlet side.
  • the self-sealing plug is constantly renewed by the continuous feeding and compression of pyrolysis material.
  • a batchwise, i.e. Intermittent forced conveyance of the pyrolysis material or the post-compacted solid residue also has the advantage that, in cooperation with the pressure contact of the pyrolysis material with the chamber walls, incrustations and caking of pyrolysis residues on the chamber walls are removed by constant friction of the pyrolysis material that advances.
  • the pyrolysis chamber is self-cleaning in such an embodiment. It also does not contain any moving components that lead to malfunctions during long-term operation and can cause difficulties, particularly with regard to sealing and lubrication.
  • the solid pyrolysis residues are advantageously brought out in the hot state (approx. 400 ° C.) in a melting cyclone (post-combustion chamber) and burned there with the addition of oxygen or melted to form slag.
  • the entire energy content of the hot pyrolysis coke can be used directly.
  • the high nitrogen content of the air does not have to be heated, so that the exhaust gas volume is considerably reduced and the exhaust gas cleaning can be controlled technically well and is more economical.
  • the high carbon content of the residual material resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis has good pollutant-binding properties. This can be further supported by adding pollutant-binding additives to the pyrolysis material before compression.
  • Another particular advantage results from the fact that the gaseous pyrolysis products exit the pyrolysis chamber at the end of the conveying path.
  • the hot gaseous pyrolysis products on the one hand flow through the full length of the pyrolysis material, and on the other hand the pyrolysis chamber is thereby depressurized only immediately before being dispensed, which simplifies the sealing of the pyrolysis chamber on the outlet side.
  • the highest pressures prevail on the introduction side and here ensure both rapid heating and rapid degassing.
  • Optimal heat transfer through pressure contact, optimized thermal conductivity by reducing the pore volume and additional volume heating by the gaseous pyrolysis products themselves are advantages of the pyrolysis process according to the invention with respect to the heating of the pyrolysis product compared to the prior art.
  • the thermal conductivity of the pyrolysis material is constantly being improved, especially in the contact zones of the walls, so that the areas that have already been preferably pyrolyzed pass on the heat to the interior areas, which have not yet been so far pyrolyzed, by good heat conduction.
  • An additional effect is given by the fact that the carbon-rich residues have much better heat conduction in the compressed or post-compressed state than the original pyrolysis material.
  • the state of compaction of pyrolysis material and residues according to the invention and the constant pressure contact of the pyrolysis material with the chamber walls not only minimize the necessary dimensions of the pyrolysis chamber, they also considerably shorten the necessary pyrolysis time.
  • large-volume portioning of the scrap material, cutting and / or upsetting while maintaining its mixed and composite structure mean that scrap packages are easy to handle with minimal preparation.
  • by upsetting the industrial wrecks it is possible to obtain scrap packages of approximately uniform external dimensions, which facilitates their handling in the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the portioning of the scrap is expediently carried out in such a way that sufficient degassing volumes remain.
  • the large-volume portioning also makes it easier to load the pyrolysis chamber with the help of intermittently working loading and unloading devices for the scrap material.
  • the method when the method is applied to vehicles to be scrapped, it may be expedient to carry out the large-volume portioning of the scrap by structurelessly dividing it into relatively large wreck sections. In this way, the size of the pyrolysis portions can be limited.
  • the cutting can be done with the help of tear grippers as well as other cutting or separating methods. Dipping the wreckage sections obtained in this way to predetermined dimensions can be expedient to simplify handling.
  • the afterburning of the pyrolysis gases can be carried out in a separate part of the pyrolysis chamber in the process according to the invention, which has the advantage that part of the heat of combustion can be used directly to maintain the pyrolysis.
  • the combustion conditions can be controlled more precisely, which ensures that the exhaust gases are free of harmful substances.
  • An easier handling - and thus an advantageous further development of the method - can consist in the fact that the mixed scrap, combined in collecting containers, passes through the pyrolysis chamber. Such a procedure is particularly expedient when different consumer wrecks are used whose outer dimensions are very different.
  • the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is expediently controlled so that when the degassing and at least partial gasification of the pyrolysis-compatible components of the scrap is complete, the melting temperature of the slag residues is not reached.
  • This procedure has advantages: the pyrolysis residues do not melt onto the metallic components of the scrap and can be easily separated, and the pyrolysis residues that have not yet been mineralized (melted) still contain in porous form, i.e. with a large active surface, absorbent carbon for binding pollutants.
  • Mixed scrap generally contains only a limited amount of pyrolyzable material.
  • the non-metallic components of a vehicle of a conventional design amount to less than 30%.
  • This can be done in a simple way by using the consumer wrecks themselves as "containers" by partially filling their remaining cavities with this waste.
  • Another possibility is to first compact the additional waste together with the portioned wrecks into the containers mentioned and then send them into the pyrolysis chamber.
  • Another possibility for developing the process according to the invention is that several pyrolysis chambers are assigned to afterburning. In particular, if separate afterburning chambers are provided, this possibility brings advantages if the loading of the pyrolysis chambers takes place with a time delay such that the sum of the gas developments can be kept approximately constant.
  • the solid, liquid and / or gaseous process products obtained during the pyrolysis and containing the pollutants are passed into one or more melt baths which are kept at different temperature values and / or have different compositions.
  • the temperature values of which can be in the range of 1,500 ° C to 2,000 ° C, it is possible to optimally set both the decomposition temperatures of organic pollutants and, for example, the condensation temperature of inorganic pollutants in individual baths and to keep them constant within narrow limits.
  • a melting tank can suffice.
  • the organic pollutants are first completely decomposed. It has a particularly advantageous effect that the flow through at least one melt pool is associated with much lower speeds than the combustion of the contaminants in a gas burner according to the prior art.
  • the contact times between contaminated gas or liquid and / or solid contaminations are favored in such a way that longer distances can be dispensed with.
  • the method according to the invention can work with a device structure which is of a considerably simpler and more compact design than the known comparable systems.
  • Passing the pollutant-laden gaseous pyrolysis products through a high-temperature molten bath requires, as in conventional filter systems, a certain pressure drop, which can be generated both by pre-compressing the pollutant-containing materials to be passed through and fed to the high-temperature molten bath under excess pressure, and by the fact that the molten bath is included Vacuum is applied.
  • the melting baths can consist of one or different materials that melt at the high temperatures in question.
  • the choice of material for the baths depends on the pollutant conversion aimed for in the bath in question.
  • Metallic baths are cheap for the conversion of certain pollutant combinations.
  • Melting baths made of glass can be adjusted in terms of their viscosity to a large temperature range in such a way that the pollutant-containing material can be passed through and divided without problems.
  • glass also has excellent integration properties for solid inorganic pollutants. For example, lead and arsenic are so-called network formers in the existing glass structures, which can be installed in appropriately formulated glasses without problems and resistant to leaching with a high absorption capacity.
  • Another advantage of using glasses as a high-temperature melt bath is the fact that any unsorted, otherwise difficult to use used glass can be used.
  • the unavoidable waste glass portion of the household waste can be used directly.
  • glass melts whose temperatures are above 1,200 ° C., it is ensured that all organic pollutants that could be contained in the exhaust gases are completely decomposed, in particular also dioxins or furans.
  • baths consisting of molten salts offer the advantage that pollutant components such as chlorine, fluorine and sulfur or the like are neutralized here and converted into environmentally neutral compounds.
  • pollutant components such as chlorine, fluorine and sulfur or the like are neutralized here and converted into environmentally neutral compounds.
  • the high-temperature baths can additionally be heated by burning the pyrolysis coke obtained with the supply of oxygen.
  • pollutants which remain volatile at temperatures at which organic substances are decomposed can be condensed and chemically integrated so that they can be applied in insoluble form.
  • the reactive compaction according to the invention is based on the observation that by compressing loose mixed waste, the thermal conductivity in the material to be pyrolyzed can be improved to such an extent that the pyrolysis in it compacted state becomes problem-free. This is why we speak of low-temperature pressure pyrolysis.
  • the contents of the waste which can be found in the melt baths, also improve the thermal conductivity during pyrolysis; Inert substances, such as glass, do not interfere with the process.
  • Reactive compacting therefore offers all the prerequisites to meet the requirements for modern, economical disposal of waste products, especially since there are no fundamental restrictions for the function of smaller plants.
  • a heatable tube hereinafter referred to as pyrolysis tube 1
  • pyrolysis tube 1 is arranged vertically above a molten bath tank 10 and connected to it in a gastight manner.
  • the tube provides a pyrolysis chamber.
  • the material is transported between the tube and the melt pool container 10 supported by gravity. Elaborate, temperature-loaded and fault-prone transport devices are eliminated.
  • a pre-compression device for the pyrolysis material to be filled into the upper opening of the vertical pyrolysis tube 1 on the loading side should be provided in a suitable manner, but is not shown for reasons of simplification.
  • a pre-compression device has the advantage of being able to feed bulky pyrolysis material to the pyrolysis tube 1 without prior treatment.
  • the supply of the pyrolysis material is favored by a funnel-shaped expansion of the pyrolysis tube 1 in the upper opening area.
  • a tamping device 2 moves periodically into the funnel-shaped enlargement and spends the pre-compressed pyrolysis material in and through the pyrolysis tube 1.
  • the tamping device 2 is a pneumatic, hydraulic or gravity-operated hammer, as is commercially available in a comparable design and mode of operation, for example for driving in sheet piling or foundation piles.
  • the hammer is guided with the help of guide rollers or other suitable guides to the pyrolysis tube in such a way that it can be moved up and down in the vertical direction.
  • Its plunger 2 ' has a shaped head piece with which the pyrolysis material is periodically plugged or hammered into the pyrolysis tube 1.
  • the only non-positive connection between the pyrolysis material and the hammer has the essential advantage that no inadmissibly high forces can occur in the loading area, which are otherwise inevitable with a positively driven tamping device.
  • the pyrolysis tube 1 which receives unsorted pyrolysis material, which is moved through it intermittently over its entire length, has a length / diameter ratio of greater than 1:10.
  • the feed rate of the pyrolysis material can be adapted particularly advantageously to the compression state of the pyrolysis material in the pyrolysis tube 1 and thus to the pressure on the walls of the pyrolysis tube.
  • the pyrolysis material leaves the mouth of the pyrolysis tube 1 completely pyrolyzed with an optimized throughput.
  • the pyrolysis tube 1 is expediently heated by gas burners 9 acting from the outside, which are arranged distributed along the tube within the heating jacket 16. External heating with gas burners has the great advantage that the pyrolysis gases can be used directly for this.
  • the interposition of a control device 8 between the gas outlets 6 from the pyrolysis tube 1 and the burner 9 allows the process control in a simple manner.
  • the pyrolysis tube 1 is heated to temperatures between 250 ° C. and 500 ° C., the charging area of the pyrolysis tube being excluded from the heating. In this area, a solid stopper is formed when the plug is plugged, which prevents the gas from escaping from the mouth of the pyrolysis tube in the open and that constantly renews itself.
  • the exhaust gases from the gas burners 9 are collected in the jacket 16 and fed to an exhaust gas chimney through an outlet 7, optionally via a filter system.
  • the outlet openings 6 for the pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis tube 1 are located in the vicinity of the mouth region of the pyrolysis tube. They are collected in a ring line and fed to the control device 8 for distribution.
  • Not shown in FIG. 1 is the advantageous possibility of preheating the combustion air for the operation of the gas burners, for example by guiding along the outer surfaces of the heating jacket 16, and / or enriching the combustion air with oxygen.
  • the increase in the flame temperature of the burners associated with these measures guarantees the decomposition of organic pollutants in the pyrolysis gas and thus the absence of pollutants in the exhaust gases.
  • the outlet area of the pyrolysis tube 1 has a conical narrowing part 14, the cross section of which can be regulated if necessary. With this constructive measure it is achieved that the remaining solids of the pyrolysis are post-compressed, whereby the outlet area of the pyrolysis tube 1 is sealed against gas leakage. The back pressure in the pyrolysis material associated with this post-compression favors its compression during the stuffing and improves the overall process of pyrolysis.
  • the melt pool 10 is arranged in alignment under the pyrolysis tube 1. It is provided with a fire-resistant inner lining 11 which can be subjected to a temperature above 1,300 ° C.
  • the melting bath is heated with the help of the gas burners 9 ', which are directed onto the surface of the melting bath. Their effect can be supported by means of a controllable oxygen supply, not shown in FIG. 1. With the help of the oxygen supply, carbon-containing pyrolysis residues can be completely combusted, which on the one hand reduces the amount of solid residues, but on the other hand also adds thermal energy to the melt pool. An oxygen supply is also possible due to excess oxygen in the combustion gas of the burners 9 '.
  • the high melt bath temperature leads to mineralization of the pyrolysis residues. The mineralized slag guarantees a leach-proof inclusion of any pollutants and thus turns the residues into environmentally friendly or inert materials for the building materials industry or the like.
  • Waste glass contents of the pyrolysis material favor these properties. Sorting out the old glass before pyrolysis is not necessary.
  • the physical properties of the melt pool 12 in the melt pool container 10 can be improved by additives which are added to the pyrolysis material before it is introduced into the pyrolysis tube 1. Surcharges of lime or dolomite both bind pollutants during pyrolysis and liquefy the slag in the molten pool.
  • the outlet area of the pyrolysis tube 1 is followed by a dip tube 13 immersed in the molten bath 12, which prevents the transfer of dust from the pyrolysis residues into the gas space of the molten bath container 10 and ensures the direct introduction of the residues into the melt.
  • the exhaust gases from the molten bath container 10 are returned to the pyrolysis gases through an exhaust gas line 18. Your possible pollutant content is made harmless by the afterburning in the gas burner 9 or 9 '.
  • the possible reduction in the calorific values of the pyrolysis gases associated with the gas recirculation is largely compensated for by the higher temperature of the exhaust gases of the melt pool container 10.
  • the high temperature of the melt pool for the pyrolysis residues not only enables effective pollutant incorporation through mineralization, it also offers the possibility of separating valuable ingredients from the pyrolysis material. If, for example, the temperature of the molten bath 12 is selected to be greater than the melting temperature of steel, mineralizable light materials which float on the molten steel can be fractionally discharged through several overflows at different heights of the molten bath container. The separation of recyclable metals not only reduces the landfill space required, but also increases the effectiveness of the process.
  • the operation of the device shown in FIG. 1 is as follows:
  • the periodic tamping movement of the device 2. 2 'in the direction of the arrow causes the pyrolysis material to be highly compressed in the unheated mouth region of the pyrolysis tube 1 and forms the desired sealing plug. Due to the continuous pushing through of the pyrolysis material, this plug is always newly formed and results in a maintenance-free, reliable seal.
  • the pyrolysis of the compressed material begins from the pipe wall.
  • the constant replenishment of pyrolysis material compensates for the loss of mass through pyrolysis, so that the pressure of the pyrolysis material against the pipe wall, which is necessary for good heat transfer, is maintained until the end.
  • the thickness of the pyrolyzed ring zone increases inwards from the tube wall, so that shortly before the outlet area, approximately at the level of the outlet holes 6 for the pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis material is completely pyrolyzed.
  • the remaining solid residues of pyrolysis eventually fall as the pyrolysis progresses Passing through the dip tube 13 into the molten pool 12, where they are melted and mineralized.
  • the compact design of the pyrolysis device made possible by the principle of reactive compacting, allows the loss of uncontrolled waste heat through effective thermal insulation to be avoided and noise emissions to be suppressed by shielding.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a further, particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of a device for carrying out the pyrolysis process according to the invention in side elevation and in plan view.
  • the pyrolysis chamber then consists of an elongated, essentially horizontally oriented channel-like furnace shaft 40 with an inlet end 41 and an outlet end 42.
  • a feed device 51 which in the exemplary embodiment is approximately box-shaped, the material to be pyrolyzed is either in the form of, for example, undensified and unsorted accruing waste or pre-compacted portioned, for example combined in thermally decomposable containers, introduced.
  • the feed device 51 has a compressor 52 and a thrust ram 53.
  • This double pushing stamp device the stamps of which work mutually, that is, alternately, perpendicularly to one another, as can be seen in particular from the illustration according to FIG. 2, is there from above, that is again perpendicular to the two stamping movements, with waste material, the mixed and composite structure can be arbitrary, fed intermittently.
  • the non-compacted or pre-compacted disposal material undergoes a further compacting by means of the compressor 52, whereupon it is then also intermittently stuffed into the open shaft 40 and thus the actual pyrolysis chamber by means of the push rod 53.
  • a solid, gas-impermeable plug is thus formed on the loading side at the entry end 41 from the disposal material that is always to be replenished, and at the same time the compressed disposal material 57 is pushed through the entire cross section of the furnace shaft along the pyrolysis chamber through the intermittent tamping process, while maintaining this compressed state it is in pressure contact with the chamber walls over its entire length and also remains in this state.
  • a heating jacket 54 is placed around the furnace shaft 40, so that the pyrolysis chamber can be heated analogously to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 described above.
  • the state of compaction of the pyrolysis material inside the pyolysis chamber can be both by means of an inlet-side cross-section meter 56 can also be regulated by means of an outlet-side cross-section metering device 55, whereby the outlet-side cross-section metering device 55 can also be designed, for example, in the form of an impact flap, so that it can simultaneously serve as an ejection device for the pyrolysis material at the discharge end 42 of the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 shows that portioned quantities of disposal material are continuously pushed through the furnace shaft 40 here. Otherwise, the pyrolysis process in the channel-like pyrolysis chamber shown corresponds essentially to the pyrolysis process in the tubular pyrolysis chamber according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the outlet 43 at the end of the furnace shaft 40 for the pyrolysis product degassed there is located in the bottom of the furnace shaft 40, which is rectangular in cross section, as shown in FIG. 4 and is connected via a gas seal 48 directly to the melt pool container 44 or a melter gasifier arranged below it.
  • the structure or mode of operation of the melt pool container 44 is in turn comparable to that of the melt pool container 10 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the melt pool container 44 which is provided with a corresponding, solid, masonry lining, receives the bath melt 46 in its lower area, on the surface of which a plurality of oxygen lances 45 are directed, and in the upper recessed area of the melt pool tank there is at least one gas vent 47 a melt bath outlet 49 is drawn in, and the melt product can be drawn off into a melt vessel 50 here.
  • Fig. 3 shows the longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 2 in plan view, in addition, an end flap 58 for the feeder 51 for the garbage or the like. Disposal material is indicated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
EP91102603A 1990-02-23 1991-02-22 Pyrolyseverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0443596B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91102603T ATE95223T1 (de) 1990-02-23 1991-02-22 Verfahren zum transportieren, zwischenlagern und energetischen sowie stofflichen verwerten von entsorgungsgut aller art und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4005804 1990-02-23
DE4005804A DE4005804A1 (de) 1990-02-23 1990-02-23 Verfahren zum umweltschonenden energie- und stoffrecycling von industriegueterwracks
DE19904011945 DE4011945C1 (en) 1990-04-12 1990-04-12 Waste material pyrolysis system - compresses material and heats it by friction against chamber walls
DE4011945 1990-04-12
DE4022535 1990-07-16
DE19904022535 DE4022535C1 (ja) 1990-04-12 1990-07-16
DE4033314 1990-10-19
DE19904033314 DE4033314C1 (ja) 1990-07-31 1990-10-19
DE4040377A DE4040377C1 (ja) 1990-12-17 1990-12-17
DE4040377 1990-12-17

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EP0443596A1 EP0443596A1 (de) 1991-08-28
EP0443596B1 EP0443596B1 (de) 1993-09-29
EP0443596B2 true EP0443596B2 (de) 1997-07-02

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EP (1) EP0443596B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP3263094B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2036581C (ja)
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Also Published As

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ES2047349T3 (es) 1994-02-16
JPH07323270A (ja) 1995-12-12
EP0443596A1 (de) 1991-08-28
CA2036581C (en) 1998-09-22
CA2036581A1 (en) 1991-08-24
ES2047349T5 (es) 1997-10-16
US5311830A (en) 1994-05-17
JP3263094B2 (ja) 2002-03-04
EP0443596B1 (de) 1993-09-29

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