EP0440548A2 - Alliage de cuivre résistant à la migration ayant d'excellentes propriétés de ressort, de robustesse et de conductivité à utiliser pour terminaux et connecteurs - Google Patents

Alliage de cuivre résistant à la migration ayant d'excellentes propriétés de ressort, de robustesse et de conductivité à utiliser pour terminaux et connecteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0440548A2
EP0440548A2 EP91400200A EP91400200A EP0440548A2 EP 0440548 A2 EP0440548 A2 EP 0440548A2 EP 91400200 A EP91400200 A EP 91400200A EP 91400200 A EP91400200 A EP 91400200A EP 0440548 A2 EP0440548 A2 EP 0440548A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
migration
strength
conductivity
copper alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91400200A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0440548A3 (en
Inventor
Motohisa Miyafuji
Isao Hosokawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kobe Steel Ltd
Original Assignee
Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kobe Steel Ltd filed Critical Kobe Steel Ltd
Publication of EP0440548A2 publication Critical patent/EP0440548A2/fr
Publication of EP0440548A3 publication Critical patent/EP0440548A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a migration-resistant copper alloy for terminal and connector uses which has excellent spring characteristics, strength and conductivity.
  • terminals and connectors There have been various types of terminals and connectors, for example, those as shown in Figure 4.
  • the component parts used for electric and electronic apparatus have also come to be reduced in size.
  • the reduction in size of the component parts has been accompanied by a closer pitch of electrodes, an increase in the number of electrodes and, further, an increased current capacity, in designing the terminals and connectors.
  • brass or phosphor bronze alloys have been used as materials for terminals and connectors.
  • the brass or phosphor bronze alloys when used as a terminal or connector material, have the following drawbacks.
  • the conductivity of brass is as low as 28% IACS, and that of phosphor bronze alloys is as low as 22% IACS. In addition, these materials are poor in heat resistance.
  • terminals or connectors made of brass or a phosphor bronze alloy become unable to exhibit their intended function, because of a lowering in the fitting force at the joint portion in use. Such a lowering of fitting force is probably due to the vast quantity of Joule heat generated by an increased current flowing through the terminal or connector.
  • the phosphor bronze alloys have the problem of poor resistance to migration.
  • the migration here, is a phenomenon in which copper (Cu) ionized upon dew deposition or the like between electrodes is urged by the Coulomb force between the electrodes to deposit on the cathode, and crystals of the deposited metal grows in a dendritic form from the cathode, in the same manner as in electrodeposition, to eventually reach the anode, resulting in short-circuit.
  • Cu copper
  • Such a phenomenon arises from repeated dew deposition and drying.
  • the migration has formerly known to occur on Ag, it has been known that the migration also occurs on phosphor bronze alloys, according to the above-mentioned closer electrode spacing or the like.
  • brass has the problem of poor resistance to stress corrosion cracking, it has excellent migration resistance.
  • a migration-resistant copper alloy for terminal and connector uses having excellent spring characteristics, strength and conductivity which contains 0.4 to 4.0% by weight of Ni, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of Si, 1.0% (exclusive) to 5.0% (inclusive) by weight of Zn, 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of Mg, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of Sn, and 0.001% (inclusive) to 0.01% (exclusive) by weight of at least one of Cr, Ti and Zr, the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities.
  • the alloy of this invention is excellent in spring limit, conductivity, softening resistance, migration resistance, relaxation properties, etc. as well as strength, and is therefore suitable for terminals and connectors.
  • the aforementioned constituents are contained in the aforementioned respective amounts, the limits of which are set on the grounds as follows.
  • Ni content of the alloy is less than 0.4% by weight, an improved strength cannot be expected even if the alloy contains Si in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
  • the Ni content is more than 4.0% by weight, the workability of the copper alloy is worsened, and the strength of the alloy is little improved. Therefore, the Ni content is set in the range of 0.4 to 4.0% by weight.
  • Si improves the strength of the copper alloy by forming a compound with Ni.
  • Si content is less than 0.1% by weight, improvement of strength is not expectable even if the alloy contains 0.4 to 4.0% by weight of Ni.
  • the Si content is set in the range from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
  • Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for inhibition of peeling of solder and Sn platings and for improvement of migration resistance.
  • the Zn content is not more than 1.0% by weight, the cooper alloy cannot have properties comparable to those of brass.
  • an addition of more than 5.0% by weight of Zn leads to unfavorable results such as a lower conductivity and lower resistance to stress corrosion cracking, though the migration resistance of the alloy is improved. Therefore, the Zn content is set in the range from 1.0% (exclusive) to 5.0% (inclusive) by weight.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is an indispensable element for improving the hot workability and strength, particularly spring limit, of the copper alloy.
  • Mg Magnesium
  • MgS which has a high melting point.
  • magnesium fixes sulfur, thereby improving hot workability of the copper alloy and, further, enhancing the spring limit of the alloy.
  • the Mg content exceeds 0.5% by weight, however, the improvement of spring limit is saturated and, rather, there results a lowering in the fluidity and casting qualities at the time of melting and casting the cooper alloy. Therefore, the Mg content is set in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight.
  • Tin (Sn) improves the strength and spring limit of the copper alloy, by dissolving in Cu.
  • Sn content is set in the range of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
  • Chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) each function to strengthen the grain boundaries of an ingot of the copper alloy and to improve the hot workability of the alloy.
  • the amount of these elements added is less than 0.001% by weight, the effect of the addition is slight, whereas an addition of more than 0.01% by weight of these elements leads to easier oxidation of the molten alloy, thereby making it impossible to obtain a sound ingot. Therefore, at least one of Cr, Ti and Zr is contained in an amount of 0.001% (inclusive) to 0.01% (exclusive) by weight.
  • the copper alloy of this invention can be produced, for example, by the following process.
  • An ingot of the alloy of this invention is made by the conventional semi-continuous casting method, and is hot worked at a temperature of 900 to 970°C.
  • the hot working is followed by quenching from a temperature of not lower than 650°C, at a cooling rate of at least 15°C/sec.
  • the temperature from which to quench the hot-worked alloy is lower than 600°C, both Ni and Si fail to dissolve in the Cu phase even if the cooling rate is 15°C/sec or above.
  • the cooling rate is below 15°C/sec, both Ni and Si fail to dissolve in the Cu phase even if the alloy is quenched from a temperature of 650°C or above.
  • the intended precipitation starts before a precipitation hardening treatment, and the precipitates are aggregated and coarsened, so that the contribution of the precipitates to strength of the alloy is reduced.
  • the quenching temperature is 600°C or above, and the cooling rate is at least 15°C/sec.
  • a precipitation hardening treatment is carried out.
  • the temperature at which a maximum amount of Ni2Si is precipitated namely, the temperature which leads to a highest conductance is 500°C.
  • the precipitation amount of the Ni2Si compound is small at temperatures below 400°C. Therefore, annealing for precipitation hardening is carried out a temperature of 400 to 550°C. When the annealing time is less than 5 minutes, satisfactory precipitation is not effected. On the other hand, an annealing for more than 4 hours is of no use, on an economical basis. Thus, the annealing is carried out for a period of 5 minutes to 4 hours.
  • each ingot was faced about 2 mm, followed by heating to 950°C, hot working down to a 15 mm thickness, reheating to 700°C, and quenching in water.
  • the cooling rate of the quenching was 30°C/sec.
  • the specimens prepared as above were subjected to senile tests and to measurement of stress relaxation, spring characteristics, conductivity and softening resistance.
  • Test pieces for tensile test and measurement of spring characteristics, stress relaxation and conductivity were made to have the longitudinal direction in the rolling direction.
  • the tensile test was carried out by use of JIS No. 13B test pieces on a 2-ton universal testing machine. spring limit was tested according to JIS H3130.
  • Migration resistance was tested as follows. A pair of test pieces as shown in Figure 1, 0.64 mm x 3.0 mm x 80 mm, were prepared from each specimen. With a DC voltage of 14 V applied to the pair of test pieces, a drying-wetting test cycle consisting of 5-min immersion in tap water and 10-min drying was repeated 50 times, as shown in Figure 2, and the maximum leak current during the 50 test cycles was measured by a high-sensitivity recorder.
  • the stress relaxation was determined by measuring the deformation (residual bend) of each test piece after the test piece was maintained at 150°C for 500 hours, with a stress of 80% based on the yield stress of the test piece being exerted thereon, in a cantilever condition, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the stress relaxation was calculated according to the following formula:
  • the alloys of this invention are superior in electrical conductivity and softening resistance to brass of No. 14 and phosphor bronze of No. 15, which are comparative alloys.
  • the alloys of this invention are comparable to phosphor bronze as to strength and spiring limit, and are as high a brass in terms of migration resistance.
  • the migration-resistant copper alloy for terminal and connector uses having excellent strength and conductivity according to this invention is capable of coping with the decreasing size of terminals and connectors, because of its excellent spring limit, electrical conductivity, softening resistance, migration resistance, etc., and ensures less deterioration in the function of the terminals and connectors due to lowered fitting forces at joint portions upon increases in current capacity.
  • the alloy of this invention has a well-balanced combination of conductivity stress relaxation characteristics and migration resistance, as well as excellent spring limit, and is suitable for terminals and connectors.
  • the alloy of this invention therefore, contributes greatly to electronic and electric machinery industries.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
EP19910400200 1990-01-30 1991-01-29 Migration-resistant copper alloy for terminal and connector uses having excellent spring characteristics, strength and conductivity Withdrawn EP0440548A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19719/90 1990-01-30
JP2019719A JP2977845B2 (ja) 1990-01-30 1990-01-30 ばね特性、強度及び導電性に優れた耐マイグレーション性端子・コネクタ用銅合金

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0440548A2 true EP0440548A2 (fr) 1991-08-07
EP0440548A3 EP0440548A3 (en) 1993-12-08

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EP19910400200 Withdrawn EP0440548A3 (en) 1990-01-30 1991-01-29 Migration-resistant copper alloy for terminal and connector uses having excellent spring characteristics, strength and conductivity

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EP (1) EP0440548A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2977845B2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0660444A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-28 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Distributeur électrique à basse tension
KR19990045261A (ko) * 1997-11-22 1999-06-25 쉬바르쯔 만프레드 전기 전도성 금속 밴드 및 그로 제조된 플러그 커넥터
EP1158618A2 (fr) * 2000-05-20 2001-11-28 STOLBERGER METALLWERKE GMBH & CO. KG Bande métallique à haute conductibilité électrique et connecteur fabriqué avec ce produit
EP1325964A1 (fr) * 2000-07-25 2003-07-09 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Materiau en alliage de cuivre destine a des pieces de materiel electronique ou electrique
US6893514B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2005-05-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. High-mechanical strength copper alloy
GB2405752B (en) * 2002-05-29 2006-03-22 Textron Fastening Systems Contact pin
US7090732B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2006-08-15 The Furukawa Electric, Co., Ltd. High-mechanical strength copper alloy
US8361255B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2013-01-29 Hitachi Cable, Ltd. Copper alloy material and method of making same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2780584B2 (ja) * 1992-11-13 1998-07-30 三菱伸銅株式会社 熱間加工性および打抜き加工性に優れた電気電子部品用Ｃｕ合金
JP5342315B2 (ja) * 2009-04-24 2013-11-13 パナソニック株式会社 信号用電気接続端子装置及びその製造方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2338585A2 (fr) * 1976-01-19 1977-08-12 Olin Corp Connecteur ou ressort de contact electrique en alliage a base de cuivre
EP0189637A1 (fr) * 1984-10-20 1986-08-06 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Alliage à base de cuivre et sa fabrication
JPS62199741A (ja) * 1986-02-25 1987-09-03 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐マイグレ−シヨン性に優れた端子・コネクタ−用銅合金。
JPS648237A (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Copper alloy for terminal and connector
JPH01172539A (ja) * 1987-12-26 1989-07-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電子機器用銅合金
JPH01242740A (ja) * 1988-03-23 1989-09-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電子機器用銅合金
US4971758A (en) * 1989-07-25 1990-11-20 Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. Copper-based alloy connector for electrical devices

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2338585A2 (fr) * 1976-01-19 1977-08-12 Olin Corp Connecteur ou ressort de contact electrique en alliage a base de cuivre
EP0189637A1 (fr) * 1984-10-20 1986-08-06 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Alliage à base de cuivre et sa fabrication
JPS62199741A (ja) * 1986-02-25 1987-09-03 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐マイグレ−シヨン性に優れた端子・コネクタ−用銅合金。
JPS648237A (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Copper alloy for terminal and connector
JPH01172539A (ja) * 1987-12-26 1989-07-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電子機器用銅合金
JPH01242740A (ja) * 1988-03-23 1989-09-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電子機器用銅合金
US4971758A (en) * 1989-07-25 1990-11-20 Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. Copper-based alloy connector for electrical devices

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 8741, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 87-287482 & JP-A-62 199 741 (KOBE STEEL) *
DATABASE WPI Week 8908, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 89-056936 & JP-A-1 008 237 (MITSUBISHI) *
DATABASE WPI Week 8933, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 89-237865 & JP-A-1 172 539 (MITSUBISHI) *
DATABASE WPI Week 8945, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 89-327797 & JP-A-1 242 740 (MITSUBISHI) *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0660444A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-28 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Distributeur électrique à basse tension
KR19990045261A (ko) * 1997-11-22 1999-06-25 쉬바르쯔 만프레드 전기 전도성 금속 밴드 및 그로 제조된 플러그 커넥터
EP1158618A2 (fr) * 2000-05-20 2001-11-28 STOLBERGER METALLWERKE GMBH & CO. KG Bande métallique à haute conductibilité électrique et connecteur fabriqué avec ce produit
EP1158618A3 (fr) * 2000-05-20 2002-03-20 STOLBERGER METALLWERKE GMBH & CO. KG Bande métallique à haute conductibilité électrique et connecteur fabriqué avec ce produit
EP1325964A1 (fr) * 2000-07-25 2003-07-09 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Materiau en alliage de cuivre destine a des pieces de materiel electronique ou electrique
EP1325964A4 (fr) * 2000-07-25 2003-07-30 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd Materiau en alliage de cuivre destine a des pieces de materiel electronique ou electrique
US7172662B2 (en) 2000-07-25 2007-02-06 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Copper alloy material for parts of electronic and electric machinery and tools
US6893514B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2005-05-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. High-mechanical strength copper alloy
DE10147968B4 (de) * 2000-12-15 2005-08-18 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Kupferlegierung von hoher mechanischer Festigkeit
US7090732B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2006-08-15 The Furukawa Electric, Co., Ltd. High-mechanical strength copper alloy
GB2405752B (en) * 2002-05-29 2006-03-22 Textron Fastening Systems Contact pin
US8361255B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2013-01-29 Hitachi Cable, Ltd. Copper alloy material and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2977845B2 (ja) 1999-11-15
JPH03226536A (ja) 1991-10-07
EP0440548A3 (en) 1993-12-08

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