EP0437759B1 - Rost und damit aufgebauter Brennstoffkessel - Google Patents

Rost und damit aufgebauter Brennstoffkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0437759B1
EP0437759B1 EP90124391A EP90124391A EP0437759B1 EP 0437759 B1 EP0437759 B1 EP 0437759B1 EP 90124391 A EP90124391 A EP 90124391A EP 90124391 A EP90124391 A EP 90124391A EP 0437759 B1 EP0437759 B1 EP 0437759B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
plates
fuel
common
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90124391A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0437759A3 (en
EP0437759A2 (de
Inventor
Louis Dethier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teset AG
Original Assignee
Teset AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teset AG filed Critical Teset AG
Publication of EP0437759A2 publication Critical patent/EP0437759A2/de
Publication of EP0437759A3 publication Critical patent/EP0437759A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0437759B1 publication Critical patent/EP0437759B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H11/00—Travelling-grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/20—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using step-type grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate for a fuel boiler, consisting of plates arranged in steps, which are alternately fixed plates and movable plates, the fixed plates on a common first holder and the movable plates on a common one, with a drive for the reciprocating movement connected second bracket are attached.
  • the invention further relates to a boiler with such a grate.
  • the aim is to burn the fuel as completely as possible in order to keep the ash accumulation as small as possible. For this it is necessary to let the fuel stay on the grate for a relatively long time in order to provide the burning time required for complete combustion.
  • a grate which consists of plates arranged in steps, between each of which a plate which can be moved back and forth is arranged.
  • the movable plates are hollow and flowed through with water, which is intended to protect the plate material.
  • Primary air for combustion flows through spaces between the movable and stationary plates, while secondary air can enter through the side openings of the boiler wall at the level of the fuel bed. Due to the movement of the movable plates of the grate, the fuel moves down the steps of the grate until it falls into an ash container at the lower end of the grate.
  • the combustion in the combustion chamber is supported by a flame directed towards the grate from a side wall of the boiler, which flame is fed by another fuel, for example gas.
  • another fuel for example gas.
  • various chambers are provided below the grate, into which combustion air can be blown in different amounts, which then exits through the associated spaces between the grate.
  • a water-cooled heat shield arranged at an angle above the grate ensures that the combustion gases above the grate cool down relatively quickly.
  • the arrangement of the movable plates and fixed plates of the grate is such that only one gap is created between two stationary plates because a stationary plate and a fixed plate are in direct contact with each other.
  • the known grate has a number of disadvantages.
  • the use of primary and secondary air does not allow for fully controlled combustion.
  • the movable plates mounted on the fixed plates are subject to considerable wear, since solid particles of the fuel damage the surface of the two plates lying on top of one another as a result of the relative movement.
  • Another disadvantage of the known boiler is that the fuel falls onto the grate over a slope. It is therefore entirely a matter of chance how far the fuel rumbles down on the grate until it stops. It can be seen that this results in completely different residence times for fuel parts on the grate.
  • the known boiler therefore does not allow complete and adequately controlled combustion of the fuel.
  • the known boiler does not make it possible to significantly reduce the pollutant content in the combustion gases.
  • a grate of the type mentioned is known from US-A-4676 176.
  • the movable plates are provided on a common holder, which is connected to a drive for the reciprocating movement and is designed as a carriage.
  • a fuel passage gap between the adjacent plates can be adjusted with the aid of a swivel joint with which the plates are fastened to a cross member. A height adjustment of these plates is not provided.
  • DE-B-2522 658 discloses a holder for grate bars, in which the grate bars are also rotatably articulated, the rotatable articulation also being used to set a gap between the grate plates.
  • the problem underlying the invention is that the known grate structures are complicated and do not allow easy replacement of the grate plates that are subject to wear. Furthermore, swivel joints for adjusting the grate plates are susceptible to failure due to the heat prevailing on the grate and due to the effects of the firing material.
  • the invention has for its object to create a grate of the type mentioned or a boiler with such a grate, which enables a controlled and complete combustion of the possibly problematic fuel, such as garbage, is susceptible to failure and one has a simple structure.
  • a grate of the type mentioned is characterized in that the plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports in a fixed position, which are attached to the common brackets adjustable in height.
  • the height adjustment of the individual plates of the grate allows the setting of different gaps for the passage of the combustion air, so that the gaps can be adapted to different fuels on the one hand, and can be adjusted differently over the length of the grate, in order to achieve a desired flow profile for the combustion air through the grate to generate through.
  • a sub-stoichiometric carbonization can be set in this way at the beginning of the grate, while over-stoichiometric complete combustion can take place at the end of the grate.
  • the spaces between the plates can be enlarged towards the end of the grate.
  • the plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports, which are attached to the common brackets so that they can be adjusted in height.
  • the height adjustability and thus the adjustability of the plates relative to one another results from the height adjustability of the vertically standing plate-shaped supports. Since the grate plates only rest on the plate-shaped supports, no special effort is required for fastening.
  • the movable plates are preferably arranged so that they overlap with both adjacent fixed plates even in their extreme positions of the reciprocating movement. This prevents fuel from falling through the grate.
  • the grate according to the invention is designed in a particularly preferred manner so that the combustion takes place exclusively with the primary air passing through the intermediate spaces between the plates and that no secondary air is permitted.
  • the common second holder of the movable plates is preferably designed as a channel which is approximately U-shaped in cross section, on the side walls of which the vertically standing supports for the movable plates are fastened.
  • the movable plates can be connected to the vertical supports by means of a screw connection.
  • the vertically standing plate-shaped supports which are connected to the common first holder, have a stepped upper edge, through which a depression is formed, which receives the associated plate.
  • the recess can be open to the previous support in the direction of inclination, so that the fixing of the fixed plates is carried out by two plate-shaped supports resting against one another.
  • the vertical supports are preferably arranged close to one another and the air supply takes place within the vertical supports. In this way, the supply of secondary air from the side can be reliably avoided.
  • the boiler according to the invention equipped with a grate as described above, works with combustion air which only passes through the spaces between the plates.
  • the combustion air is preferably moved through the intermediate spaces by a suction source arranged downstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is therefore under negative pressure, which leads to the extraction of combustion air through the spaces between the grate plates.
  • very defined combustion conditions can be set. It is particularly preferred to maintain a low fuel bed temperature, which ensures that any acid builders that are incorporated through the addition of basic additives remain in the ash and do not break down into the gaseous state due to excessively high fire bed temperatures and pollute the combustion gases as pollutants.
  • the boiler according to the invention can preferably be designed with an afterburner chamber in which very high temperatures arise due to radiant heat and good insulation, which thermally decompose any unbound pollutants into harmless gases.
  • the boiler according to the invention works without an additional flame, since the amount of fuel can be reliably regulated at any time due to the metered fuel supply and due to the metered transport on the grate, as a result of which temperatures and combustion states which are highly variable in its properties can be achieved.
  • a defined supply of the fuel to the start of the grate is achieved in that a feed plate is arranged at the level of the start of the grate and serves as a supply device for the fuel to the grate.
  • Fuel is supplied to the incinerator shown schematically in FIG. 1 via a flap 1 arranged in the ceiling.
  • the fuel is preferably mixed homogeneously with a basic additive in order to bind acid generators into harmless salts by means of a neutralization reaction.
  • the fuel falls on a moving floor 2, which is equipped with sawtooth-shaped wedges 3, at least some of which can be moved back and forth by a drive 4. Since the fuel can migrate over the flat slope of the sawtooth-shaped wedge 3, but is pushed forward by the steep slope, the fuel migrates to the front edge 4 of the moving floor and pushes a hinged flap 5 to the side and falls on a floor 6 on which a Slide plunger 7 is moved back and forth by a drive 8.
  • a basic additive in liquid form can be added to the fuel lying on the floor 6 through the incinerator, as indicated by the two arrows in FIG. 1. This addition is unnecessary if the fuel has been homogeneously mixed with a basic additive.
  • a grate 9 which consists of step-like fixed plates 10 and movable plates 11 arranged between them.
  • the movable plates 11 are shown in FIG. 1 in their retracted position in which they overlap somewhat with the fixed plate 10 arranged below them.
  • the combustion chamber 14 arranged above the grate 9 is delimited towards the floor 6 and sliding floor 2 by a wall 15 which is held in a holder 16 arranged somewhat above the start of the grate.
  • the combustion gases pass through a passage 17 arranged below the ceiling to the outlet 18 of the boiler. If the boiler walls are well insulated and have a high heat capacity and can possibly emit heat radiation, the space above the grate 9 can heat up to very high temperatures and thus contaminants contained in the combustion gases can be broken down into harmless components.
  • heat exchangers, filters or similar can be installed. connect.
  • the structure of the grate is explained below with reference to Figure 2.
  • the movable plates 11 extend - like the fixed plates 10 - over the entire width of the grate. Within this width, two U-shaped profile pieces 19 are arranged, which act as the first common holder 20, specifically for the fixed plates 10.
  • a profile piece 19 is in detail Figure 4 shown. It has eight pairs of holes 21, to each of which a plate-shaped support 22 is screwed.
  • the plate-shaped supports 22 have two elongated holes 23, 24, one of which is T-shaped and thus offers an adjustment possibility in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. By screwing the plate-shaped supports 22 in their elongated holes 23, 24, the supports 22 on the first common bracket 20 are adjustable in height.
  • the supports 22 have a step 25 on their upper edge, through which a recess 26 is formed, which is open to the support 22 preceding in the conveying direction.
  • the associated fixed plate 10 is inserted into the recess 26 and thus rests on two vertical plate-shaped supports 22 arranged near the opposite boiler walls. In FIG. 2, eight vertical plate-shaped supports 22 adjoin one another closely and form joints 27.
  • a groove 28 with a U-shaped cross section is arranged within the first common holder 20 and forms the second common holder, namely for the movable plates 11.
  • the channel 28 is shown as a detail in FIG. 3 and consists of a rectangular base 30 and two side walls 31, the height of which decreases in accordance with the inclination of the grate 9 in the conveying direction.
  • the side walls 31 are provided with pairs of holes 32 which are aligned with one another.
  • a vertical plate-shaped support 33 is attached to the respective side wall 31 of the channel 28.
  • the attachment takes place via pairs of elongated holes 34, 35, so that the vertical supports 33 can be adjusted in height.
  • a movable plate 11 is supported on each of its upper edges 36 and is screwed to the support 33 with the aid of a fastening angle.
  • the movable plates 11 are thus also supported by two vertical plate-shaped supports 33, the distance between the support points being somewhat less than the distance between the support points for the fixed plates 10 due to the associated vertical supports 22.
  • the vertical supports 33 also adjoin one another closely and form joints 37.
  • the air supply takes place within the U-shaped channel 28, specifically by means of a negative pressure generated above the grate 9, through which air is sucked between the plates 10, 11. Due to the air flow caused by a vacuum, an extraordinarily uniform air flow is created, which can be controlled by different distances between the plates 10, 11 at the grate end compared to the grate start, so that a substoichiometric carbonization is caused at the grate start, while an over-stoichiometric combustion at the grate end arises, which does not lead to an inadmissible increase in the fuel bed temperature, because the fuel is largely incinerated at the end of the grate, so that a temperature increase can not occur despite the excess air available combustion air.
  • the excess oxygen can favor or enable the thermal decomposition of pollutants in the post-reaction chamber.
  • a grate of greater width is to be used due to the desired performance of the incinerator, it can be composed of several individual grates 9, as is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the plates 10, 11 of the 3 individual gratings 9 in the exemplary embodiment shown can complement each other without a noticeable space to the desired overall width of the grate, so that larger grate widths can also be realized without the risk of the plates 10, 11 bending.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Head (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
EP90124391A 1990-01-16 1990-12-17 Rost und damit aufgebauter Brennstoffkessel Expired - Lifetime EP0437759B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4000973A DE4000973C1 (hu) 1990-01-16 1990-01-16
DE4000973 1990-01-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0437759A2 EP0437759A2 (de) 1991-07-24
EP0437759A3 EP0437759A3 (en) 1991-11-13
EP0437759B1 true EP0437759B1 (de) 1993-07-07

Family

ID=6398097

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90124391A Expired - Lifetime EP0437759B1 (de) 1990-01-16 1990-12-17 Rost und damit aufgebauter Brennstoffkessel

Country Status (25)

Country Link
US (1) US5069146A (hu)
EP (1) EP0437759B1 (hu)
JP (1) JPH0735891B2 (hu)
KR (1) KR910014656A (hu)
CN (1) CN1028898C (hu)
AT (1) ATE91334T1 (hu)
AU (1) AU630062B2 (hu)
BR (1) BR9100153A (hu)
CA (1) CA2033919A1 (hu)
CZ (1) CZ279593B6 (hu)
DE (2) DE4000973C1 (hu)
DK (1) DK0437759T3 (hu)
ES (1) ES2023785T3 (hu)
FI (1) FI910056A (hu)
GR (1) GR910300102T1 (hu)
HU (1) HU212083B (hu)
IL (1) IL96807A0 (hu)
MA (1) MA22098A1 (hu)
NO (1) NO174482C (hu)
NZ (1) NZ236747A (hu)
PL (1) PL288695A1 (hu)
RU (1) RU1838724C (hu)
SK (1) SK278178B6 (hu)
TR (1) TR25978A (hu)
ZA (1) ZA91322B (hu)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101846324A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-09-29 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 垃圾焚烧锅炉炉排梁的安装调节装置

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1075595A (en) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-17 Doikos Investments Limited Sliding fire grate module for refuse incineration in commercial-scale installations as well as method for its operation
DE19542013B4 (de) * 1995-11-10 2004-09-16 Karl Von Wedel Seitenbord für einen Kühlrost
DE19633969A1 (de) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-26 Karl Von Wedel Schüttgutrost
DE19635036A1 (de) * 1996-08-29 1998-03-05 Babcock Materials Handling Ag Verfahren zum Verteilen eines Guts über die Breite eines Förderrosts und Schubrost zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE29809059U1 (de) 1998-05-19 1999-02-04 Stadick, Robert, 85599 Parsdorf Rost für Brennstoffkessel
DE19851085A1 (de) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-11 Hdg Bavaria Gmbh Heizkessel & Schubrostanordnung für einen Festbrennstoff-Kessel o. dgl.
DE19910425C2 (de) * 1999-03-10 2000-12-28 Teset Ag Weismes Waimes Rostsystem für einen Brennstoffkessel
US6981455B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2006-01-03 Lefcort Malcolm D Two-stage wet waste gasifier and burner
US6964237B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-11-15 Mark P. Hepp Grate block for a refuse incineration grate
US8276528B1 (en) 2008-03-17 2012-10-02 Daniel Richard Higgins Pneumatic fuel distributor for solid fuel boilers
US8590463B1 (en) 2008-05-23 2013-11-26 Daniel Richard Higgins Method and apparatus for drying solid fuels
US8707876B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2014-04-29 Daniel Richard Higgins Stepped floor for solid fuel boilers
DE102008063709B4 (de) * 2008-12-19 2012-07-19 Omnical Kessel- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Flammrohrkessel mit mechanischer Rostfeuerung
SE1650997A1 (sv) 2014-01-08 2016-07-07 Combustion boiler with pre-drying fuel chute
CN108006673A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-08 衡阳市大成锅炉有限公司 一种改进的燃生物质往复炉排式锅炉
DE102019129171A1 (de) 2019-10-29 2021-04-29 Alite Gmbh Roststab für Stufenrost

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2250067A (en) * 1938-02-03 1941-07-22 Martin Josef Mechanical stoker
DE2522658C3 (de) * 1975-05-22 1979-01-04 L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach Halterung von Roststäben
JPS523231A (en) * 1975-06-24 1977-01-11 Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd Method of waterproofing building or structure
US4170183A (en) * 1977-10-20 1979-10-09 Energy Generation, Inc. Incinerating method and apparatus having selective, controlled movement of materials during combustion
IT1235900B (it) * 1985-10-11 1992-12-02 Vaifro Vittorio Bonomelli Griglia di combustione a gradini mobili per combustibili solidi in particolare rifiuti solidi urbani e assimilabili
BE904557A (nl) * 1986-04-07 1986-07-31 Vyncke N V Traproostervuurhaard, met gekoeld traprooster en modulair warmtereflecterend gewelf, voor het verbranden van alle brandstoffen.
JPS63294414A (ja) * 1987-05-25 1988-12-01 Takuma Co Ltd 階段式焼却炉
FI85420C (fi) * 1987-12-22 1992-04-10 Ahlstroem Oy Anordning vid snedrost i foerbraenningsugns eldstad.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101846324A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-09-29 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 垃圾焚烧锅炉炉排梁的安装调节装置
CN101846324B (zh) * 2010-06-13 2012-10-31 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 垃圾焚烧锅炉炉排梁的安装调节装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0437759A3 (en) 1991-11-13
RU1838724C (ru) 1993-08-30
AU6938691A (en) 1991-07-18
FI910056A (fi) 1991-07-17
DE59001920D1 (de) 1993-08-12
HUT56935A (en) 1991-10-28
BR9100153A (pt) 1991-10-22
IL96807A0 (en) 1991-09-16
CN1028898C (zh) 1995-06-14
US5069146A (en) 1991-12-03
CA2033919A1 (en) 1991-07-17
ES2023785A4 (es) 1992-02-16
JPH0735891B2 (ja) 1995-04-19
EP0437759A2 (de) 1991-07-24
NO905492D0 (no) 1990-12-19
CS9100074A2 (en) 1991-09-15
TR25978A (tr) 1993-11-01
JPH04214112A (ja) 1992-08-05
KR910014656A (ko) 1991-08-31
NO174482C (no) 1994-05-11
ZA91322B (en) 1991-11-27
CN1053669A (zh) 1991-08-07
HU212083B (en) 1996-02-28
CZ279593B6 (cs) 1995-05-17
DK0437759T3 (da) 1993-08-23
ATE91334T1 (de) 1993-07-15
NO174482B (no) 1994-01-31
MA22098A1 (fr) 1991-12-31
NZ236747A (en) 1993-10-26
AU630062B2 (en) 1992-10-15
FI910056A0 (fi) 1991-01-04
SK278178B6 (en) 1996-03-06
DE4000973C1 (hu) 1991-02-28
NO905492L (no) 1991-07-17
GR910300102T1 (en) 1991-12-10
ES2023785T3 (es) 1993-12-01
PL288695A1 (en) 1991-10-07
HU910116D0 (en) 1991-08-28

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