EP0437759B1 - Grate and fuel fired boiler incorporating such a grate - Google Patents
Grate and fuel fired boiler incorporating such a grate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0437759B1 EP0437759B1 EP90124391A EP90124391A EP0437759B1 EP 0437759 B1 EP0437759 B1 EP 0437759B1 EP 90124391 A EP90124391 A EP 90124391A EP 90124391 A EP90124391 A EP 90124391A EP 0437759 B1 EP0437759 B1 EP 0437759B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- plates
- fuel
- common
- boiler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H11/00—Travelling-grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
- F23B1/20—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using step-type grate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
- F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
- F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grate for a fuel boiler, consisting of plates arranged in steps, which are alternately fixed plates and movable plates, the fixed plates on a common first holder and the movable plates on a common one, with a drive for the reciprocating movement connected second bracket are attached.
- the invention further relates to a boiler with such a grate.
- the aim is to burn the fuel as completely as possible in order to keep the ash accumulation as small as possible. For this it is necessary to let the fuel stay on the grate for a relatively long time in order to provide the burning time required for complete combustion.
- a grate which consists of plates arranged in steps, between each of which a plate which can be moved back and forth is arranged.
- the movable plates are hollow and flowed through with water, which is intended to protect the plate material.
- Primary air for combustion flows through spaces between the movable and stationary plates, while secondary air can enter through the side openings of the boiler wall at the level of the fuel bed. Due to the movement of the movable plates of the grate, the fuel moves down the steps of the grate until it falls into an ash container at the lower end of the grate.
- the combustion in the combustion chamber is supported by a flame directed towards the grate from a side wall of the boiler, which flame is fed by another fuel, for example gas.
- another fuel for example gas.
- various chambers are provided below the grate, into which combustion air can be blown in different amounts, which then exits through the associated spaces between the grate.
- a water-cooled heat shield arranged at an angle above the grate ensures that the combustion gases above the grate cool down relatively quickly.
- the arrangement of the movable plates and fixed plates of the grate is such that only one gap is created between two stationary plates because a stationary plate and a fixed plate are in direct contact with each other.
- the known grate has a number of disadvantages.
- the use of primary and secondary air does not allow for fully controlled combustion.
- the movable plates mounted on the fixed plates are subject to considerable wear, since solid particles of the fuel damage the surface of the two plates lying on top of one another as a result of the relative movement.
- Another disadvantage of the known boiler is that the fuel falls onto the grate over a slope. It is therefore entirely a matter of chance how far the fuel rumbles down on the grate until it stops. It can be seen that this results in completely different residence times for fuel parts on the grate.
- the known boiler therefore does not allow complete and adequately controlled combustion of the fuel.
- the known boiler does not make it possible to significantly reduce the pollutant content in the combustion gases.
- a grate of the type mentioned is known from US-A-4676 176.
- the movable plates are provided on a common holder, which is connected to a drive for the reciprocating movement and is designed as a carriage.
- a fuel passage gap between the adjacent plates can be adjusted with the aid of a swivel joint with which the plates are fastened to a cross member. A height adjustment of these plates is not provided.
- DE-B-2522 658 discloses a holder for grate bars, in which the grate bars are also rotatably articulated, the rotatable articulation also being used to set a gap between the grate plates.
- the problem underlying the invention is that the known grate structures are complicated and do not allow easy replacement of the grate plates that are subject to wear. Furthermore, swivel joints for adjusting the grate plates are susceptible to failure due to the heat prevailing on the grate and due to the effects of the firing material.
- the invention has for its object to create a grate of the type mentioned or a boiler with such a grate, which enables a controlled and complete combustion of the possibly problematic fuel, such as garbage, is susceptible to failure and one has a simple structure.
- a grate of the type mentioned is characterized in that the plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports in a fixed position, which are attached to the common brackets adjustable in height.
- the height adjustment of the individual plates of the grate allows the setting of different gaps for the passage of the combustion air, so that the gaps can be adapted to different fuels on the one hand, and can be adjusted differently over the length of the grate, in order to achieve a desired flow profile for the combustion air through the grate to generate through.
- a sub-stoichiometric carbonization can be set in this way at the beginning of the grate, while over-stoichiometric complete combustion can take place at the end of the grate.
- the spaces between the plates can be enlarged towards the end of the grate.
- the plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports, which are attached to the common brackets so that they can be adjusted in height.
- the height adjustability and thus the adjustability of the plates relative to one another results from the height adjustability of the vertically standing plate-shaped supports. Since the grate plates only rest on the plate-shaped supports, no special effort is required for fastening.
- the movable plates are preferably arranged so that they overlap with both adjacent fixed plates even in their extreme positions of the reciprocating movement. This prevents fuel from falling through the grate.
- the grate according to the invention is designed in a particularly preferred manner so that the combustion takes place exclusively with the primary air passing through the intermediate spaces between the plates and that no secondary air is permitted.
- the common second holder of the movable plates is preferably designed as a channel which is approximately U-shaped in cross section, on the side walls of which the vertically standing supports for the movable plates are fastened.
- the movable plates can be connected to the vertical supports by means of a screw connection.
- the vertically standing plate-shaped supports which are connected to the common first holder, have a stepped upper edge, through which a depression is formed, which receives the associated plate.
- the recess can be open to the previous support in the direction of inclination, so that the fixing of the fixed plates is carried out by two plate-shaped supports resting against one another.
- the vertical supports are preferably arranged close to one another and the air supply takes place within the vertical supports. In this way, the supply of secondary air from the side can be reliably avoided.
- the boiler according to the invention equipped with a grate as described above, works with combustion air which only passes through the spaces between the plates.
- the combustion air is preferably moved through the intermediate spaces by a suction source arranged downstream of the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber is therefore under negative pressure, which leads to the extraction of combustion air through the spaces between the grate plates.
- very defined combustion conditions can be set. It is particularly preferred to maintain a low fuel bed temperature, which ensures that any acid builders that are incorporated through the addition of basic additives remain in the ash and do not break down into the gaseous state due to excessively high fire bed temperatures and pollute the combustion gases as pollutants.
- the boiler according to the invention can preferably be designed with an afterburner chamber in which very high temperatures arise due to radiant heat and good insulation, which thermally decompose any unbound pollutants into harmless gases.
- the boiler according to the invention works without an additional flame, since the amount of fuel can be reliably regulated at any time due to the metered fuel supply and due to the metered transport on the grate, as a result of which temperatures and combustion states which are highly variable in its properties can be achieved.
- a defined supply of the fuel to the start of the grate is achieved in that a feed plate is arranged at the level of the start of the grate and serves as a supply device for the fuel to the grate.
- Fuel is supplied to the incinerator shown schematically in FIG. 1 via a flap 1 arranged in the ceiling.
- the fuel is preferably mixed homogeneously with a basic additive in order to bind acid generators into harmless salts by means of a neutralization reaction.
- the fuel falls on a moving floor 2, which is equipped with sawtooth-shaped wedges 3, at least some of which can be moved back and forth by a drive 4. Since the fuel can migrate over the flat slope of the sawtooth-shaped wedge 3, but is pushed forward by the steep slope, the fuel migrates to the front edge 4 of the moving floor and pushes a hinged flap 5 to the side and falls on a floor 6 on which a Slide plunger 7 is moved back and forth by a drive 8.
- a basic additive in liquid form can be added to the fuel lying on the floor 6 through the incinerator, as indicated by the two arrows in FIG. 1. This addition is unnecessary if the fuel has been homogeneously mixed with a basic additive.
- a grate 9 which consists of step-like fixed plates 10 and movable plates 11 arranged between them.
- the movable plates 11 are shown in FIG. 1 in their retracted position in which they overlap somewhat with the fixed plate 10 arranged below them.
- the combustion chamber 14 arranged above the grate 9 is delimited towards the floor 6 and sliding floor 2 by a wall 15 which is held in a holder 16 arranged somewhat above the start of the grate.
- the combustion gases pass through a passage 17 arranged below the ceiling to the outlet 18 of the boiler. If the boiler walls are well insulated and have a high heat capacity and can possibly emit heat radiation, the space above the grate 9 can heat up to very high temperatures and thus contaminants contained in the combustion gases can be broken down into harmless components.
- heat exchangers, filters or similar can be installed. connect.
- the structure of the grate is explained below with reference to Figure 2.
- the movable plates 11 extend - like the fixed plates 10 - over the entire width of the grate. Within this width, two U-shaped profile pieces 19 are arranged, which act as the first common holder 20, specifically for the fixed plates 10.
- a profile piece 19 is in detail Figure 4 shown. It has eight pairs of holes 21, to each of which a plate-shaped support 22 is screwed.
- the plate-shaped supports 22 have two elongated holes 23, 24, one of which is T-shaped and thus offers an adjustment possibility in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. By screwing the plate-shaped supports 22 in their elongated holes 23, 24, the supports 22 on the first common bracket 20 are adjustable in height.
- the supports 22 have a step 25 on their upper edge, through which a recess 26 is formed, which is open to the support 22 preceding in the conveying direction.
- the associated fixed plate 10 is inserted into the recess 26 and thus rests on two vertical plate-shaped supports 22 arranged near the opposite boiler walls. In FIG. 2, eight vertical plate-shaped supports 22 adjoin one another closely and form joints 27.
- a groove 28 with a U-shaped cross section is arranged within the first common holder 20 and forms the second common holder, namely for the movable plates 11.
- the channel 28 is shown as a detail in FIG. 3 and consists of a rectangular base 30 and two side walls 31, the height of which decreases in accordance with the inclination of the grate 9 in the conveying direction.
- the side walls 31 are provided with pairs of holes 32 which are aligned with one another.
- a vertical plate-shaped support 33 is attached to the respective side wall 31 of the channel 28.
- the attachment takes place via pairs of elongated holes 34, 35, so that the vertical supports 33 can be adjusted in height.
- a movable plate 11 is supported on each of its upper edges 36 and is screwed to the support 33 with the aid of a fastening angle.
- the movable plates 11 are thus also supported by two vertical plate-shaped supports 33, the distance between the support points being somewhat less than the distance between the support points for the fixed plates 10 due to the associated vertical supports 22.
- the vertical supports 33 also adjoin one another closely and form joints 37.
- the air supply takes place within the U-shaped channel 28, specifically by means of a negative pressure generated above the grate 9, through which air is sucked between the plates 10, 11. Due to the air flow caused by a vacuum, an extraordinarily uniform air flow is created, which can be controlled by different distances between the plates 10, 11 at the grate end compared to the grate start, so that a substoichiometric carbonization is caused at the grate start, while an over-stoichiometric combustion at the grate end arises, which does not lead to an inadmissible increase in the fuel bed temperature, because the fuel is largely incinerated at the end of the grate, so that a temperature increase can not occur despite the excess air available combustion air.
- the excess oxygen can favor or enable the thermal decomposition of pollutants in the post-reaction chamber.
- a grate of greater width is to be used due to the desired performance of the incinerator, it can be composed of several individual grates 9, as is shown schematically in FIG.
- the plates 10, 11 of the 3 individual gratings 9 in the exemplary embodiment shown can complement each other without a noticeable space to the desired overall width of the grate, so that larger grate widths can also be realized without the risk of the plates 10, 11 bending.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rost für einen Brennstoffkessel, bestehend aus stufenförmig angeordneten Platten, die abwechselnd feste Platten und bewegbare Platten sind, wobei die festen Platten an einer gemeinsamen ersten Halterung und die bewegbaren Platten an einer gemeinsamen, mit einem Antrieb für die Hin- und Herbewegung verbundenen zweiten Halterung befestigt sind. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Kessel mit einem derartigen Rost.The invention relates to a grate for a fuel boiler, consisting of plates arranged in steps, which are alternately fixed plates and movable plates, the fixed plates on a common first holder and the movable plates on a common one, with a drive for the reciprocating movement connected second bracket are attached. The invention further relates to a boiler with such a grate.
In Verbrennungsöfen, denen der Brennstoff kontinuierlich oder intermittierend zugeführt wird, wird eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung des Brennstoffs angestrebt, um den Ascheanfall möglichst klein zu halten. Hierfür ist es erforderlich, den Brennstoff relativ lange auf dem Rost verweilen zu lassen, um die für die vollständige Verbrennung benötigte Brenndauer zur Verfügung zu stellen. Um dabei gleichmäßige Verbrennungsbedingungen zu erzeugen, ist es erforderlich, den Brennstoff auf dem Rost von einem Ende zum anderen zu transportieren, damit frischer Brennstoff nachgefördert werden kann, so daß sich ein einigermaßen gleichförmiger Zustand eintellt. Bei dem Transport des Brennstoffes von einem Ende des Rostes zum anderen ist anzustreben, daß kein Brennstoffanteil vor Erreichen des ascheseitigen Endes des Rostes durch den Rost hindurchfallen kann, da der hindurchfallende Brennstoff möglicherweise noch nicht vollständig verbrannt ist.In combustion furnaces to which the fuel is fed continuously or intermittently, the aim is to burn the fuel as completely as possible in order to keep the ash accumulation as small as possible. For this it is necessary to let the fuel stay on the grate for a relatively long time in order to provide the burning time required for complete combustion. In order to create uniform combustion conditions, it is necessary to transport the fuel on the grate from one end to the other so that fresh fuel can be replenished, so that a somewhat uniform condition is achieved. When transporting the fuel from one end of the grate to the other, it should be striven for that no fuel portion can fall through the grate before reaching the ash-side end of the grate, since the fuel that has passed through may not yet be completely burnt.
Aus einem Prospekt der Firma Vyncke ist ein Rost bekannt, der aus stufenförmig angeordenten Platten besteht, zwischen denen jeweils eine hin- und herbewegbare Platte angeordnet ist. Die bewegbaren Platten sind hohl ausgebildet und wasserdurchströmt, wodurch eine Schonung des Plattenmaterials erreicht werden soll. Durch Zwischenräume zwischen den bewegbaren und feststehenden Platten strömt Primärluft für die Verbrennung hindurch während durch seitliche Öffnungen der Kesselwand Sekundärluft in Höhe des Brennstoffbettes eintreten kann. Durch die Bewegung der bewegbaren Platten des Rostes wandert der Brennstoff auf den Stufen des Rostes hinab, bis er am unteren Ende des Rostes in einen Aschebehälter fällt. Die Verbrennung im Feuerraum wird durch eine von einer Seitenwand des Kessels auf den Rost gerichtete Flamme unterstützt, die durch einen anderen Brennstoff, beispielsweise Gas, gespeist wird. Um eine an die sich beim Wandern über den Rost ändernde Brennstoffqualität angepaßte Luftzuführung zu erreichen, sind unterhalb des Rostes verschiedene Kammern vorgesehen, in die Verbrennungsluft in unterschiedlichen Mengen einblasbar ist, die dann durch die zugehörigen Zwischenräume des Rostes austritt. Ein schräg über dem Rost angeordneter wassergekühlter Hitzeschild sorgt für eine relativ schnelle Abkühlung der Verbrennungsgase oberhalb des Rostes. Die Anordnung der beweglichen Platten und festen Platten des Rostes ist so erfolgt, daß zwischen zwei stationären Platten jeweils nur ein Spalt entsteht, weil eine stationäre Platte und eine feste Platte jeweils unmittelbar aneinander anliegen.From a brochure of the Vyncke company, a grate is known which consists of plates arranged in steps, between each of which a plate which can be moved back and forth is arranged. The movable plates are hollow and flowed through with water, which is intended to protect the plate material. Primary air for combustion flows through spaces between the movable and stationary plates, while secondary air can enter through the side openings of the boiler wall at the level of the fuel bed. Due to the movement of the movable plates of the grate, the fuel moves down the steps of the grate until it falls into an ash container at the lower end of the grate. The combustion in the combustion chamber is supported by a flame directed towards the grate from a side wall of the boiler, which flame is fed by another fuel, for example gas. In order to achieve an air supply which is adapted to the fuel quality changing when walking over the grate, various chambers are provided below the grate, into which combustion air can be blown in different amounts, which then exits through the associated spaces between the grate. A water-cooled heat shield arranged at an angle above the grate ensures that the combustion gases above the grate cool down relatively quickly. The arrangement of the movable plates and fixed plates of the grate is such that only one gap is created between two stationary plates because a stationary plate and a fixed plate are in direct contact with each other.
Der bekannte Rost weist eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf. Die Verwendung von Primär- und Sekundärluft läßt keine vollständig kontrollierte Verbrennung zu. Gleiches gilt für die Wasserkühlung der bewegbaren Rostplatten, die eine vollständige Verbrennung eines schwieriger zu verbrennenden Brennstoffes, beispielsweise Müll, nicht erlaubt. Die an den festen Platten gelagerten bewegbaren Platten unterliegen einem erheblichen Verschleiß, da feste Teilchen des Brennstoffes bei der relativen Bewegung der beiden aufeinanderliegenden Platten deren Oberfläche beschädigen. Ein weiterer Nachteil des bekannten Kessels besteht darin, daß der Brennstoff über eine Schräge auf den Rost fällt. Es unterliegt daher volläig Zufälligkeiten, wie weit der Brennstoff auf dem Rost herunterpoltert, bis er zum Stehen kommt. Es ist ersichtlich, daß hieraus völlig unterschiedliche Verweilzeiten von Brennstoffteilen auf dem Rost resultieren.The known grate has a number of disadvantages. The use of primary and secondary air does not allow for fully controlled combustion. The same applies to the water cooling of the movable grate plates, which do not allow complete combustion of a more difficult to burn fuel, for example waste. The movable plates mounted on the fixed plates are subject to considerable wear, since solid particles of the fuel damage the surface of the two plates lying on top of one another as a result of the relative movement. Another disadvantage of the known boiler is that the fuel falls onto the grate over a slope. It is therefore entirely a matter of chance how far the fuel rumbles down on the grate until it stops. It can be seen that this results in completely different residence times for fuel parts on the grate.
Der bekannte Kessel erlaubt daher keine vollständige und keine hinreichend kontrollierte Verbrennung des Brennstoffes. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht der bekannte Kessel nicht, den Schadstoffgehalt in den Verbrennungsgasen deutlich zu reduzieren.The known boiler therefore does not allow complete and adequately controlled combustion of the fuel. In addition, the known boiler does not make it possible to significantly reduce the pollutant content in the combustion gases.
Ein Rost der eingangs erwähnten Art ist durch US-A-4676 176 bekannt. Die bewegbaren Platten sind an einer gemeinsamen, mit einer mit einem Antrieb für die Hin- und Herbewegung verbundenen und als Wagen ausgebildeten Halterung versehen. Ein Brennstoffdurchtrittsspalt zwischen den benachbarten Platten ist mit Hilfe eines Drehgelenks einstellbar, mit dem die Platten an einem Querträger befestigt sind. Eine Höhenverstellung dieser Platten ist nicht vorgesehen.A grate of the type mentioned is known from US-A-4676 176. The movable plates are provided on a common holder, which is connected to a drive for the reciprocating movement and is designed as a carriage. A fuel passage gap between the adjacent plates can be adjusted with the aid of a swivel joint with which the plates are fastened to a cross member. A height adjustment of these plates is not provided.
DE-B-2522 658 offenbart eine Halterung von Roststäben, bei der die Roststäbe ebenfalls drehbar angelenkt sind, wobei die drehbare Anlenkung ebenfalls zur Einstellung eines Spaltes zwischen den Rostplatten dient.DE-B-2522 658 discloses a holder for grate bars, in which the grate bars are also rotatably articulated, the rotatable articulation also being used to set a gap between the grate plates.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Problemstellung besteht darin, daß die bekannten Rostaufbauten kompliziert sind und keinen leichten Austausch der einem Verschleiß unterliegenden Rostplatten ermöglicht. Ferner sind Drehgelenke zur Verstellung der Rostplatten aufgrund der am Rost herrschenden Hitze und aufgrund von Einwirkungen des Brennguts störungsanfällig.The problem underlying the invention is that the known grate structures are complicated and do not allow easy replacement of the grate plates that are subject to wear. Furthermore, swivel joints for adjusting the grate plates are susceptible to failure due to the heat prevailing on the grate and due to the effects of the firing material.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rost der eingangs erwähnten Art bzw. einen Kessel mit einem derartigen Rost zu erstellen, der eine kontrollierte und vollständige Verbrennung des gegebenenfalls auch problematischen Brennstoffes, beispielsweise Müll, ermöglicht, störungsunanfällig ist und einen einfachen Aufbau aufweist.In contrast, the invention has for its object to create a grate of the type mentioned or a boiler with such a grate, which enables a controlled and complete combustion of the possibly problematic fuel, such as garbage, is susceptible to failure and one has a simple structure.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Rost der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platten auf vertikal stehenden plattenförmigen Stützen in fixierter Lage aufliegen, die an den gemeinsamen Halterungen höhenverstellbar angebracht sind.To solve this problem, a grate of the type mentioned is characterized in that the plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports in a fixed position, which are attached to the common brackets adjustable in height.
Die Höhenverstellbarkeit der einzelnen Platten des Rostes erlaubt die Einstellung unterschiedlicher Zwischenräume für den Durchtritt der Verbrennungsluft, so daß die Zwischenräume einerseits an unterschiedliche Brennstoffe angepaßt werden können, andererseits über die Länge des Rostes unterschiedlich einstellbar sind, um ein gewünschtes Strömungsprofil für die Verbrennungsluft durch den Rost hindurch zu erzeugen. Erfindungsgemäß kann auf diese Weise am Rostanfang eine unterstöchiometrische Verschwelung eingestellt werden, während zum Rostende eine überstöchiometrische vollständige Verbrennung stattfinden kann. Hierzu können die Zwischenräume zwischen den Platten zum Rostende hin vergrößert werden.The height adjustment of the individual plates of the grate allows the setting of different gaps for the passage of the combustion air, so that the gaps can be adapted to different fuels on the one hand, and can be adjusted differently over the length of the grate, in order to achieve a desired flow profile for the combustion air through the grate to generate through. According to the invention, a sub-stoichiometric carbonization can be set in this way at the beginning of the grate, while over-stoichiometric complete combustion can take place at the end of the grate. For this purpose, the spaces between the plates can be enlarged towards the end of the grate.
Die Platten liegen dabei auf vertikal stehenden plattenförmigen Stützen auf, die an den gemeinsamen Halterungen höhenverstellbar angebracht sind. Die Höhenverstellbarkeit und damit die Verstellbarkeit der Platten relativ zueinander ergibt sich aus der Höhenverstellbarkeit der vertikal stehenden plattenförmigen Stützen. Da die Rostplatten auf den plattenförmigen Stützen lediglich aufliegen, ist für die Befestigung kein besonderer Aufwand erforderlich.The plates rest on vertically standing plate-shaped supports, which are attached to the common brackets so that they can be adjusted in height. The height adjustability and thus the adjustability of the plates relative to one another results from the height adjustability of the vertically standing plate-shaped supports. Since the grate plates only rest on the plate-shaped supports, no special effort is required for fastening.
Die bewegbaren Platten sind vorzugsweise so angeordnet, daß sie auch in ihren Extremstellungen der Hin- und Herbewegung mit beiden benachbarten festen Platten überlappen. Dadurch wird ein Durchfallen von Brennstoff durch den Rost verhindert.The movable plates are preferably arranged so that they overlap with both adjacent fixed plates even in their extreme positions of the reciprocating movement. This prevents fuel from falling through the grate.
Der erfindungsgemäße Rost wird in einer besonders bevorzugten Weise so ausgebildet, daß die Verbrennung ausschließlich mit der durch die Plattenzwischenräume hindurchtretenden Primärluft erfolgt und daß keine Sekundärluft zugelassen wird.The grate according to the invention is designed in a particularly preferred manner so that the combustion takes place exclusively with the primary air passing through the intermediate spaces between the plates and that no secondary air is permitted.
Die gemeinsame zweite Halterung der bewegbaren Platten ist vorzugsweise als eine im querschnitt etwa U-förmige Rinne ausgebildet, an deren Seitenwänden die vertikal stehenden Stützen für die bewegbaren Platten befestigt sind. Die Verbindung der bewegbaren Platten mit den vertikal stehenden Stützen kann durch eine Verschraubung erfolgen.The common second holder of the movable plates is preferably designed as a channel which is approximately U-shaped in cross section, on the side walls of which the vertically standing supports for the movable plates are fastened. The movable plates can be connected to the vertical supports by means of a screw connection.
Hingegen weisen die vertikal stehenden plattenförmigen Stützen, die mit der gemeinsamen ersten Halterung verbunden sind, eine abgestufte Oberkante auf, durch die eine Vertiefung gebildet ist, die die zugehörige Platte aufnimmt. Die Vertiefung kann dabei zur in Neigungsrichtung vorhergehenden Stütze offen sein, so daß die Festlegung der festen Platten durch zwei aneinander anliegende plattenförmige Stützen erfolgt.On the other hand, the vertically standing plate-shaped supports, which are connected to the common first holder, have a stepped upper edge, through which a depression is formed, which receives the associated plate. The recess can be open to the previous support in the direction of inclination, so that the fixing of the fixed plates is carried out by two plate-shaped supports resting against one another.
Vorzugsweise sind die vertikalen Stützen dicht an dicht aneinander anschließend angeordnet und die Luftzuführung erfolgt innerhalb der vertikalen Stützen. Auf diese Weise kann eine Zuführung von seitlicher Sekundärluft zuverlässig vermieden werden.The vertical supports are preferably arranged close to one another and the air supply takes place within the vertical supports. In this way, the supply of secondary air from the side can be reliably avoided.
Der erfindungsgemäße, mit einem oben beschriebenen Rost ausgestattete Kessel arbeitet mit Verbrennungsluft, die ausschließlich durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den Platten hindurchtritt. Vorzugsweise wird die Verbrennungsluft durch eine stromabwärts von dem Feuerraum angeordnete Saugquelle durch die Zwischenräume bewegt. Der Feuerraum steht somit unter einem Unterdruck, der zu einem Absaugen von Verbrennungsluft durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den Rostplatten führt. Mit Hilfe des Unterdruckes lassen sich sehr definierte Verbrennungsverhältnisse einstellen. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei die Einhaltung einer niedrigen Brennstoffbett-Temperatur, die dafür sorgt, daß etwaige durch die Zugabe von basischen Additiven eingebundene Säurebildner in der Asche verbleiben und nicht durch zu hohe Feuerbett-Temperaturen in den gasförmigen Zustand zerfallen und die Verbrennungsgase als Schadstoffe belasten.The boiler according to the invention, equipped with a grate as described above, works with combustion air which only passes through the spaces between the plates. The combustion air is preferably moved through the intermediate spaces by a suction source arranged downstream of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is therefore under negative pressure, which leads to the extraction of combustion air through the spaces between the grate plates. With the help of the vacuum, very defined combustion conditions can be set. It is particularly preferred to maintain a low fuel bed temperature, which ensures that any acid builders that are incorporated through the addition of basic additives remain in the ash and do not break down into the gaseous state due to excessively high fire bed temperatures and pollute the combustion gases as pollutants.
Der erfindungsgemäße Kessel kann vorzugsweise mit einer Nachbrennkammer ausgebildet sein, in der aufgrund von Strahlungswärme und einer guten Isolation sehr hohe Temperaturen entstehen, die etwaige nicht gebundene Schadstoffe thermisch in ungefährliche Gase zersetzen.The boiler according to the invention can preferably be designed with an afterburner chamber in which very high temperatures arise due to radiant heat and good insulation, which thermally decompose any unbound pollutants into harmless gases.
Der erfindungsgmäße Kessel arbeitet ohne eine Zusatzflamme, da sich die Brennstoffmenge aufgrund der dosierten Brennstoffzuführung und aufgrund des dosierten Transportes auf dem Rost jederzeit zuverlässig regeln läßt, wodurch auch bei in seinen Eigenschaften stark variierendem Brennstoff definierte Temperaturen und Verbrennungszustände erreicht werden können.The boiler according to the invention works without an additional flame, since the amount of fuel can be reliably regulated at any time due to the metered fuel supply and due to the metered transport on the grate, as a result of which temperatures and combustion states which are highly variable in its properties can be achieved.
Eine definierte Zuführung des Brennstoffes zum Rostanfang wird dadurch erreicht, daß ein Zuführboden in der Höhe des Rostanfangs angeordnet ist, der als Zuführeinrichtung für den Brennstoff zum Rost dient.A defined supply of the fuel to the start of the grate is achieved in that a feed plate is arranged at the level of the start of the grate and serves as a supply device for the fuel to the grate.
Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 -
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Verbrennungsofens, insbesondere für Müll
- Figur 2 -
- eine Einzeldarstellung eines Rostes in dem Verbrennungsofen in Figur 1
- Figur 3 -
- eine im Querschnitt U-förmige Halterung für die bewegbaren Platten
- Figur 4 -
- eine mit Bohrungen versehene Profilschiene zur (einseitigen) Halterung der festen Platten
- Figur 5 -
- einen Rost großer Breite, aufgebaut aus drei nebeneinander aufgebauten Einzelrosten gemäß
Figur 2
- Figure 1 -
- a schematic representation of an incinerator, in particular for waste
- Figure 2 -
- an individual representation of a grate in the incinerator in Figure 1
- Figure 3 -
- a U-shaped bracket in cross section for the movable plates
- Figure 4 -
- a profiled rail with holes for (one-sided) mounting of the fixed plates
- Figure 5 -
- a grate of large width, constructed from three individual grids built next to one another according to FIG. 2
Dem in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Verbrennungsofen wird Brennstoff über eine in der Decke angeordnete Klappe 1 zugeführt. Der Brennstoff ist vorzugsweise homogen mit einem basischen Additiv vermischt, um Säurebildner durch eine Neutralisationsreaktion zu ungefährlichen Salzen einzubinden. Der Brennstoff fällt auf einen Schubboden 2, der mit sägezahnförmigen Keilen 3 ausgestattet ist, von denen zumindest einige durch einen Antrieb 4 hin- und herbewegbar sind. Da der Brennstoff über die flache Schräge des sägezahnförmigen Keils 3 hinüberwandern kann, von der steilen Schräge jedoch vorwärtsgeschoben wird, wandert der Brennstoff zur vorderen Kante 4 des Schubbodens und drückt eine pendelnd aufgehängte Klappe 5 zur Seite und fällt auf einen Boden 6, auf dem ein Schiebestößel 7 von einem Antrieb 8 hin- und herbewegt wird. Durch die Decke des Verbrennungsofens hindurch kann dem auf dem Boden 6 liegenden Brennstoff ein basisches Additiv in flüssiger Form zugegeben werden, wie dies durch die beiden Pfeile in Figur 1 angedeutet ist. Diese Zugabe ist überflüssig, wenn der Brennstoff vorher homogen mit einem basischen Additiv versetzt worden ist.Fuel is supplied to the incinerator shown schematically in FIG. 1 via a flap 1 arranged in the ceiling. The fuel is preferably mixed homogeneously with a basic additive in order to bind acid generators into harmless salts by means of a neutralization reaction. The fuel falls on a moving
An den Boden 6 schließt sich auf gleicher Höhe der Anfang eines Rostes 9 an, der aus stufenförmig angeordneten festen Platten 10 und dazwischen angeordneten bewegbaren Platten 11 besteht. Die bewegbaren Platten 11 sind in Figur 1 in ihrer eingefahrenen Stellung gezeigt, in der sie etwas mit der unter ihr angeordneten festen Platte 10 überlappen. Durch eine Hin- und Herbewegung, die durch denselben Antrieb 8 wie für den Schiebestößel 7 verursacht wird, wird der Brennstoff auf dem Rost 9 schräg nach unten bewegt, bis er vollständig verbrannt in einen Aschebehälter 12 fällt, aus dem die Asche beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Förderschnecke 13 abtransportiert wird. Der oberhalb des Rostes 9 angeordnete Brennraum 14 ist zum Boden 6 und Schubboden 2 hin durch eine Wand 15 begrenzt, die in einer etwas oberhalb des Rostanfangs angeordneten Halterung 16 gehalten wird. Die Verbrennungsgase gelangen über einen unterhalb der Decke angeordneten Durchtritt 17 zum Ausgang 18 des Kessels. Sofern die Kesselwände gut isolieren und eine hohe Wäremkapazität aufweisen und ggf. Wärmestrahlung abgeben können, kann sich der Raum oberhalb des Rostes 9 auf sehr hohe Temperaturen aufheizen und damit in den Verbrennungsgasen enthaltene Schadstoffe in unschädliche Komponenten zerfallen lassen. An den Ausgang 18 des Kessels können sich Wärmetauscher, Filter o.ä. anschließen.At the same height as the floor 6 is the beginning of a
Der Aufbau des Rostes wird im folgenden anhand der Figur 2 erläutert. Die bewegbaren Platten 11 erstrecken sich - ebenso wie die festen Platten 10 - über die gesamte Breite des Rostes. Innerhalb dieser Breite sind zwei U-förmige Profilstücke 19 angeordnet, die als erste gemeinsame Halterung 20, und zwar für die feststehenden Platten 10 fungieren. Ein Profilstück 19 ist als Einzelheit in Figur 4 dargestellt. Es weist acht Löcherpaare 21 auf, an denen jeweils eine plattenförmige Stütze 22 angeschraubt ist. Die plattenförmigen Stützen 22 weisen zwei Langlöcher 23, 24 auf, von denen eines T-förmig ausgebildet ist und so eine Justierungsmöglichkeit in vertikaler und in horizontaler Richtung bietet. Durch die Verschraubung der plattenförmigen Stützen 22 in deren Langlöchern 23, 24 sind die Stützen 22 an der ersten gemeinsamen Halterung 20 höhenverstellbar. Die Stützen 22 weisen an ihrer oberen Kante eine Abstufung 25 auf, durch die eine Vertiefung 26 gebildet ist, die zur in Förderrichtung vorhergehenden Stütze 22 offen ist. In die Vertiefung 26 ist die zugehörige feste Platte 10 eingelegt, die somit auf zwei nahe den gegenüberliegenden Kesselwänden angeordneten vertikalen plattenförmigen Stützen 22 ruht. In Figur 2 schließen acht vertikale plattenförmige Stützen 22 dicht an dicht aneinander an und bilden Fugen 27.The structure of the grate is explained below with reference to Figure 2. The
Innerhalb der ersten gemeinsamen Halterung 20 ist eine im Querschnitt U-förmige Rinne 28 angeordnet, die die zweite gemeinsame Halterung, nämlich für die bewegbaren Platten 11 bildet. Die Rinne 28 ist in Figur 3 als Einzelheit dargestellt und besteht aus einem rechteckigen Boden 30 und zwei Seitenwänden 31, deren Höhe entsprechend der Neigung des Rostes 9 in Förderrichtung abnimmt. Die Seitenwände 31 sind mit Bohrungspaaren 32 versehen, die miteinander fluchten. Mit Hilfe eines Bohrungspaares 32 ist jeweils eine vertikale plattenförmige Stütze 33 an der betreffenden Seitenwand 31 der Rinne 28 befestigt. Auch hier erfolgt die Befestigung über Langlochpaare 34, 35, so daß die vertikalen Stützen 33 höhenverstellbar sind. Auf ihren Oberkanten 36 stützt sich jeweils eine bewegbare Platte 11 ab, die mit Hilfe eines Befestigungswinkels an die Stütze 33 angeschraubt ist. Die bewegbaren Platten 11 werden somit ebenfalls von zwei vertikalen plattenförmigen Stützen 33 gestützt gehalten, wobei der Abstand der Stützpunkte etwas geringer ist als der Abstand der Stützpunkte für die festen Platten 10 aufgrund der zugehörigen vertikalen Stützen 22. Auch die vertikalen Stützen 33 schließen dicht an dicht aneinander an und bilden Fugen 37.A
Die Luftzufuhr erfolgt innerhalb der U-förmigen Rinne 28, und zwar mittels eines oberhalb des Rostes 9 erzeugten Unterdrucks, durch den Luft zwischen den Platten 10, 11 hindurchgesaugt wird. Aufgrund der durch einen Unterdruck bewirkten Luftführung entsteht eine außerordentlich gleichmäßige Luftströmung, die ggf. durch unterschiedliche Abstände zwischen den Platten 10, 11 am Rostende gegenüber dem Rostanfang so gesteuert werden kann, daß am Rostanfang eine unterstöchiometrische Verschwelung bewirkt wird, während eine überstöchiometrische Verbrennung am Rostende entsteht, die aber nicht zu einer unzulässigen Erhöhung der Brennstoffbett-Temperatur führt, weil der Brennstoff am Rostende schon weitgehend verascht ist, so daß eine Temperaturerhöhung trotz der im Überangebot vorhandenen Verbrennungsluft nicht entstehen kann. Der überschüssige Sauerstoff kann in der Nachreaktionskammer den thermischen Zerfall von Schadstoffen begünstigen bzw. ermöglichen.The air supply takes place within the
Da die Unterstützung der Platten 10, 11 - wie dargestellt - nur an zwei Linien nahe des Endes der Platten durch die Kanten der vertikalen Stützen 22 bzw. 33 erfolgt, können nur Platten einer gewissen maximalen Länge verwendet werden, da andernfalls ein Durchbiegen der Platten 10, 11 - und damit undefinierte Verbrennungsluftzuführungen - riskiert würden. Soll aufgrund der angestrebten Leistung des Verbrennungsofens ein Rost größerer Breite Verwendung finden, kann dieser - wie in Figur 5 schematisch dargestellt ist - aus mehreren Einzelrosten 9 zusammengesetzt werden. Die Platten 10, 11 der im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel 3 Einzelroste 9 können sich dabei ohne merklichen Zwischenraum zu der angestrebten Gesamtbreite des Rostes ergänzen, so daß auch größere Rostbreiten realisierbar sind, ohne daß die Gefahr eines Durchbiegens der Platten 10, 11 bestünde.Since the
Claims (12)
- Grate for a fuel boiler comprising plates (10, 11) which are in a step-shaped arrangement and which are alternately fixed plates (10) and movable plates (11), the fixed plates (10) being secured to a common first mounting (20) and the movable plates (11) being secured to a common second mounting (29) connected to a drive for to-and-fro movement, characterized in that the plates (10, 11) bear in a fixed position on vertical plate-shaped supports (22, 23) which are mounted height-adjustably on the common mountings (20, 29).
- Grate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the movable plates (11) are arranged with both adjacent fixed plates (10) also overlapping in their end positions of to-and-fro movement.
- Grate according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the common second mounting (29) of the movable plates (11) is constructed as a channel (28) which is approximately U-shaped in cross-section and on the side walls (31) of which the vertical supports (33) for the movable plates (11) are secured.
- Grate according to Claim 3, characterized in that the movable plates (11) are connected to the associated vertical supports (33) by screw means.
- Grate according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vertical plate-shaped supports (22) connected to the common first mounting (20) have a stepped upper edge, and in that the depression (26) formed by the step formation (25) receives the associated fixed plate (10).
- Grate according to Claim 5, characterized in that the depression (26) is open towards the preceding support (22), as seen in the direction of inclination.
- Grate according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the vertical supports (22, 33) closely adjoin one another, and in that the air supply takes place within the vertical supports (22, 33).
- Boiler having a grate according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the combustion air passes exclusively through the intermediate spaces between the plates (10, 11).
- Boiler according to Claim 8, characterized in that the combustion air is moved through the intermediate spaces by a suction source arranged downstream of the furnace.
- Boiler according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the intermediate spaces between the plates (10, 11) are set at different heights to set a predetermined flow profile through the grate (9).
- Boiler according to Claim 10, characterized in that the height of the intermediate spaces increases towards the grate end.
- Boiler according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized by a supply base (6) which is arranged at the height of the start of the grate, as an apparatus for supplying the fuel to the grate (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4000973A DE4000973C1 (en) | 1990-01-16 | 1990-01-16 | |
DE4000973 | 1990-01-16 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0437759A2 EP0437759A2 (en) | 1991-07-24 |
EP0437759A3 EP0437759A3 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
EP0437759B1 true EP0437759B1 (en) | 1993-07-07 |
Family
ID=6398097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90124391A Expired - Lifetime EP0437759B1 (en) | 1990-01-16 | 1990-12-17 | Grate and fuel fired boiler incorporating such a grate |
Country Status (25)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5069146A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0437759B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0735891B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR910014656A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1028898C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE91334T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU630062B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9100153A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2033919A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ279593B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4000973C1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0437759T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2023785T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI910056A (en) |
GR (1) | GR910300102T1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU212083B (en) |
IL (1) | IL96807A0 (en) |
MA (1) | MA22098A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO174482C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ236747A (en) |
PL (1) | PL288695A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU1838724C (en) |
SK (1) | SK278178B6 (en) |
TR (1) | TR25978A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA91322B (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN101846324A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-29 | 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 | Installation and regulation device of fire grate beam of refuse-fired boiler |
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AU1075595A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-17 | Doikos Investments Limited | Sliding fire grate module for refuse incineration in commercial-scale installations as well as method for its operation |
DE19542013B4 (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 2004-09-16 | Karl Von Wedel | Sideboard for a cooling grate |
DE19633969A1 (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-02-26 | Karl Von Wedel | Grid for material processing e.g. for cement production |
DE19635036A1 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-03-05 | Babcock Materials Handling Ag | Method for distributing a good across the width of a conveyor grate and sliding grate for carrying out this method |
DE19851085A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-11 | Hdg Bavaria Gmbh Heizkessel & | Push grate arrangement for solid fuel boiler, combustion furnace or burner involves stepped grate with rigid grate unit and movable grate unit which lower in stages from fuel intake to ash removal point |
DE19910425C2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-12-28 | Teset Ag Weismes Waimes | Grate system for a fuel boiler |
US6981455B2 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2006-01-03 | Lefcort Malcolm D | Two-stage wet waste gasifier and burner |
US6964237B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-11-15 | Mark P. Hepp | Grate block for a refuse incineration grate |
US8276528B1 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2012-10-02 | Daniel Richard Higgins | Pneumatic fuel distributor for solid fuel boilers |
US8590463B1 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2013-11-26 | Daniel Richard Higgins | Method and apparatus for drying solid fuels |
US8707876B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2014-04-29 | Daniel Richard Higgins | Stepped floor for solid fuel boilers |
DE102008063709B4 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-07-19 | Omnical Kessel- Und Apparatebau Gmbh | Flame tube boiler with mechanical grate firing |
WO2015105989A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | Sullivan Eugene J | Combustion boiler with pre-drying fuel chute |
CN108006673A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 衡阳市大成锅炉有限公司 | A kind of improved biomass-burning reciprocating grate type boiler |
DE102019129171A1 (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-29 | Alite Gmbh | Grate bar for step grate |
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US2250067A (en) * | 1938-02-03 | 1941-07-22 | Martin Josef | Mechanical stoker |
DE2522658C3 (en) * | 1975-05-22 | 1979-01-04 | L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach | Bracket for grate bars |
JPS523231A (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1977-01-11 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Method of waterproofing building or structure |
US4170183A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1979-10-09 | Energy Generation, Inc. | Incinerating method and apparatus having selective, controlled movement of materials during combustion |
IT1235900B (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1992-12-02 | Vaifro Vittorio Bonomelli | MOBILE STEAM COMBUSTION GRID FOR SOLID FUELS, IN PARTICULAR SOLID URBAN AND SIMILAR WASTE |
BE904557A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1986-07-31 | Vyncke N V | Stepped fire grate for solid fuel - is hollow and forms part of coolant circuit |
JPS63294414A (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1988-12-01 | Takuma Co Ltd | Tiered type incinerator |
FI85420C (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1992-04-10 | Ahlstroem Oy | ANORDNING VID SNEDROST I FOERBRAENNINGSUGNS ELDSTAD. |
-
1990
- 1990-01-16 DE DE4000973A patent/DE4000973C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-17 ES ES199090124391T patent/ES2023785T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-17 DK DK90124391.5T patent/DK0437759T3/en active
- 1990-12-17 AT AT90124391T patent/ATE91334T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-17 EP EP90124391A patent/EP0437759B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-17 DE DE9090124391T patent/DE59001920D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-19 NO NO905492A patent/NO174482C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-27 IL IL96807A patent/IL96807A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-01-04 FI FI910056A patent/FI910056A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-01-10 US US07/638,904 patent/US5069146A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-10 TR TR91/0038A patent/TR25978A/en unknown
- 1991-01-10 CA CA002033919A patent/CA2033919A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-01-11 NZ NZ236747A patent/NZ236747A/en unknown
- 1991-01-14 PL PL28869591A patent/PL288695A1/en unknown
- 1991-01-15 CN CN91100224A patent/CN1028898C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-15 HU HU91116A patent/HU212083B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-15 SK SK74-91A patent/SK278178B6/en unknown
- 1991-01-15 CZ CS9174A patent/CZ279593B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-15 BR BR919100153A patent/BR9100153A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-15 MA MA22313A patent/MA22098A1/en unknown
- 1991-01-15 RU SU914894313A patent/RU1838724C/en active
- 1991-01-16 KR KR1019910000606A patent/KR910014656A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-01-16 ZA ZA91322A patent/ZA91322B/en unknown
- 1991-01-16 JP JP3015853A patent/JPH0735891B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-16 AU AU69386/91A patent/AU630062B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-12-10 GR GR91300102T patent/GR910300102T1/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101846324A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-29 | 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 | Installation and regulation device of fire grate beam of refuse-fired boiler |
CN101846324B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2012-10-31 | 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 | Installation and regulation device of fire grate beam of refuse-fired boiler |
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