EP0288597B1 - Grate bar incineration for refuse destruction - Google Patents

Grate bar incineration for refuse destruction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288597B1
EP0288597B1 EP87110535A EP87110535A EP0288597B1 EP 0288597 B1 EP0288597 B1 EP 0288597B1 EP 87110535 A EP87110535 A EP 87110535A EP 87110535 A EP87110535 A EP 87110535A EP 0288597 B1 EP0288597 B1 EP 0288597B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate bar
grate
air
combustion
combustion air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87110535A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0288597A1 (en
Inventor
Louis Ing.(Grad) Mrklas
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Priority to AT87110535T priority Critical patent/ATE60832T1/en
Publication of EP0288597A1 publication Critical patent/EP0288597A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate furnace for waste incineration according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a grate furnace for burning waste materials is also known, in which individual grate bar elements, provided with air channels for conveying the combustion air, are arranged in steps.
  • the air channels are designed such that the combustion air exits parallel to the top of the profiles of the grate bar elements.
  • Each grate bar element consists of a single material slide surface. These elements are assembled in a step-like manner by means of an insert spring or by means of screws such that the air supply joints are each guided over the next grate bar element.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing grate firing with grate bar elements by means of which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
  • the grate bar element designed according to the invention optimal combustion is ensured regardless of whether the waste to be incinerated is dry, wet or pasty. Due to the air outlet slots already formed during the manufacture of the individual elements and the tile-like arrangement of the individual elements, different expansions of the individual elements cannot have a serious effect because the combustion air through the air outlet slots provided in each grate bar element in at least two stages over the entire combustion width and length is blown evenly horizontally. The joining of the individual elements on both sides has no influence on the existing air outlet slots, which also ensures the uniform supply of the combustion air.
  • a grate furnace for garbage 23 formed from individual grate bar elements 1 is provided below a combustion chamber and is loaded with the garbage 23 from above.
  • Combustion air 14 is fed horizontally to the forced air-cooled grate bar elements 1 via air distribution boxes 24, which are accommodated in ash funnels 27, via air outlet slots 5, 6 arranged in lugs 2, 2a (FIG. 3).
  • the combustion air 14 serves at the same time as cooling air for the grate bar elements 1.
  • 8 air channels 3, 4 with cooling fins 11, 12 for cooling the grate bar elements 1 are attached to each side of a longitudinal web, which at the end of the lugs 2, 2a with the air slots 5 designed as nozzles , 6 are provided.
  • This design of the air slots 5, 6 in the form of nozzles ensures that at the level of the air outlet all or largely all of the pressure energy of the supplied combustion air generated by a primary air fan is converted into speed, and without any noteworthy pressure loss. This ensures the lowest possible pressure loss with a largely laminar formation of the combustion air emerging from the nozzles 5, 6.
  • the air nozzles 5, 6 directed towards the material sliding surfaces 9, 10 and 13 (FIG. 2) feed the combustion air 14 horizontally across the entire grate width (FIG. 2) for the combustion of the waste. Furthermore, the sliding surfaces 9, 10, 13 are cooled by the combustion air 14 which is positively guided via the air channels 3, 4, as a result of which the temperature of the grate bar elements 1 is kept very low and metallic weld-ons are prevented.
  • the individual grate bar elements 1 are provided with bores 7 (FIG. 2), which allow the individual elements 1 to be screwed together to form a grate flat surface 9, 10, 13 without the formation of a gap between the individual grate bar elements 1. This enables the desired combustion of pasty waste.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

For grate firing, a grate bar (1) with a web (8) is illustrated, on which air ducts (3) and (4) are arranged, through which the combustion air for the combustion of domestic refuse, domestic-like and pasty waste material is supplied. By means of the air nozzles or air slots (5) and (6), the combustion air is supplied horizontally for the combustion of refuse or the like. The ribs (11) and (12) serve to cool the grate bars (1), the combustion air flowing through being heated. The sliding surfaces (9) and (10) or (13) are likewise cooled by the forcibly conducted combustion air in the ducts (3) and (4). By means of rod anchors in the bores (7) provided in the grate bars, by locking or screwing of the individual grate bars (1), these are joined together to form a closed plane grate surface, without a gap between the individual grate bars. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Rostfeuerung für die Müllverbrennung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a grate furnace for waste incineration according to the preamble of claim 1.

Da bei der Verbrennung von Müll auf einem Verbrennungsrost eine gleichmäßige Verbrennung angestrebt wird, auch für den Fall, daß der Müll trocken, feucht oder pastös ist, ist es erforderlich, eine zwangsluftgekühlte Roststabelementenform zu wählen, bei der optimal die Verbrennungsluft mittels Luftdüsen bzw. Luftschlitzen für die Verbrennung von Müll zugeleitet wird.Since the incineration of garbage on a combustion grate is aimed at even in the event that the garbage is dry, moist or pasty, it is necessary to choose a forced-air-cooled grate element form in which the combustion air is optimally used by means of air nozzles or air slots for the incineration of waste.

Es sind genügend Rostfeuerungen für Müllkessel bekannt, die dem Müll auf dem Verbrennungsrost die Verbrennungsluft stets von unten durch den Längsspalt zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben vertikal nach oben zuführen. Bei einem bekannten Roststabelement (US-A 44 63 688) ist die Luftaustrittsöff­nung am Ende jedes Roststabelementes als Bohrung mit rela­tiv kleinem Querschnitt ausgebildet. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die aus diesen Bohrungen austretende Verbrennungsluft nicht mit ausreichend großer Menge auf das Verbrennungsgut gerichtet werden kann. Es muß daher nach wie vor zusätzli­che Verbrennungsluft von unten nach oben vertikal durch einen zwangsläufig zwischen zwei benachbarten Roststabele­menten vorgesehenen Längsspalt eingeblasen werden. Ein der­artiger vertikaler Längsspalt zwischen zwei benachbarten Roststabelementen schließt jedoch die Verbrennung von pastösen Abfallstoffen weitgehend aus, da hierbei die Ge­fahr besteht, daß derartige pastöse Abfallstoffe in uner­wünschter Weise in den vertikalen Längsspalt zwischen zwei Roststabelementen eindringen. Schließlich wird auch auf­grund unterschiedlicher Längsspaltöffnungen, die durch Ver­klemmen oder Verkeilen der einzelnen Roststabelemente be­dingt sind, ein Hängenbleiben des Verbrennungsgutes im Längsspalt bewirkt. Dies wiederum verursacht eine ungleich­mäßige Verbrennungsluftzufuhr und damit eine zu hohe Ge­schwindigkeit der Verbrennungsluft, was eine übergroße Ver­brennungstemperatur des Verbrennungsgutes auf den Roststab­elementen zur Folge hat. Durch die bedingt entstehende überhöhte Verbrennungstemperatur fließt Weißmetall durch die größeren Rostspaltöffnungen in die Aschetrichter und kann ebenfalls zu Störungen der Entaschung führen.Sufficient grate furnaces for waste boilers are known which always feed the waste air on the combustion grate with the combustion air vertically upwards through the longitudinal gap between the individual grate bars. In a known grate bar element (US-A 44 63 688), the air outlet opening at the end of each grate bar element is designed as a bore with a relatively small cross section. The result of this is that the combustion air emerging from these bores cannot be directed at the combustion material with a sufficiently large amount. Additional combustion air must therefore still be blown vertically from bottom to top through a longitudinal gap which is inevitably provided between two adjacent grate bar elements. Such a vertical longitudinal gap between two neighboring ones However, grate bar elements largely preclude the combustion of pasty waste materials, since there is a risk that such pasty waste materials undesirably penetrate into the vertical longitudinal gap between two grate bar elements. Finally, due to different longitudinal gap openings, which are caused by jamming or wedging of the individual grate bar elements, the combustion material is stuck in the longitudinal gap. This in turn causes an uneven supply of combustion air and thus a too high speed of the combustion air, which results in an excessive combustion temperature of the combustion material on the grate bar elements. Due to the resulting excessive combustion temperature, white metal flows through the larger grate openings into the ash funnel and can also lead to faults in the ash removal.

Aus der CH-A 543 045 ist ferner eine Rostfeuerung zum Ver­brennen von Abfallstoffen bekannt, bei der einzelne Rost­stabelemente, mit Luftkanälen zur Förderung der Verbren­nungsluft versehen, treppenartig angeordnet sind. Die Luftkanäle sind derart ausgebildet, daß die Verbren­nungsluft parallel zur Oberseite der Profile der Roststabe­lemente austritt. Jedes Roststabelement besteht aus einer einzigen Materialrutschfläche. Diese Elemente werden trep­penartig mittels einer Einlagefeder oder mittels Schrauben derartig zusammengesetzt, daß die Luftzuführungsfugen je­weils über das nächste Roststabelement geführt ist. Bei dieser Art des Zusammenfügens der einzelnen Stabelemente besteht die Gefahr, daß durch unterschiedliche Dehnung der einzelnen Roststabelemente sich die Luftzuführungsfugen in ihrer Spaltgröße verändern, wodurch wiederum eine unter­schiedliche Verbrennungsluftzufuhr auftritt. Diese un­gleichmäßige Verbrennungsluftzufuhr gewährleistet keine op­timale Verbrennung, was unmittelbar die bekannten Nachteile nach sich zieht, nämlich eine übermäßige Kohlen­ monoxidbildung mit der sich hieraus ergebenden Korrosion der Roststabelemente.From CH-A 543 045 a grate furnace for burning waste materials is also known, in which individual grate bar elements, provided with air channels for conveying the combustion air, are arranged in steps. The air channels are designed such that the combustion air exits parallel to the top of the profiles of the grate bar elements. Each grate bar element consists of a single material slide surface. These elements are assembled in a step-like manner by means of an insert spring or by means of screws such that the air supply joints are each guided over the next grate bar element. With this type of assembly of the individual bar elements, there is the risk that the gap between the air supply joints will change due to different expansion of the individual grate bar elements, which in turn leads to a different combustion air supply. This uneven supply of combustion air does not ensure optimal combustion, which immediately leads to the known disadvantages, namely excessive coals monoxide formation with the resulting corrosion of the grate bar elements.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Rost­feuerung mit Roststabelementen zu schaffen, durch die die oben geschilderten Nachteile vermieden werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing grate firing with grate bar elements by means of which the disadvantages described above are avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei der Rostfeuerung mit zusammengesetz­ten Roststabelementen gemäß der Erfindung durch die im An­spruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausge­staltungen hiervon sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen be­schrieben.This object is achieved in grate firing with composite grate bar elements according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous refinements of this are described in the further claims.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Roststabelement wird unabhängig, ob der zu verbrennende Müll trocken, naß oder pastös ist, eine optimale Verbrennung gewährleistet. Durch die bereits bei der Herstellung der einzelnen Elemente aus­gebildeten Luftaustrittsschlitze und der dachziegelartigen Anordnung der einzelnen Elemente können sich unterschiedli­che Ausdehnungen der einzelnen Elemente nicht gravierend auswirken, weil die Verbrennungsluft durch die in jedem Roststabelement in wenigstens zwei Stufen vorgesehenen Luftaustrittsschlitze über die gesamte Verbrennungsbreite und -länge gleichmäßig horizontal eingeblasen wird. Das beidseitige Zusammenfügen der einzelnen Elemente ist ohne Einfluß auf die vorhandenen Luftaustrittsschlitze, wodurch ebenfalls die gleichmäßige Zuführung der Verbrennungsluft gewährleistet wird.With the grate bar element designed according to the invention, optimal combustion is ensured regardless of whether the waste to be incinerated is dry, wet or pasty. Due to the air outlet slots already formed during the manufacture of the individual elements and the tile-like arrangement of the individual elements, different expansions of the individual elements cannot have a serious effect because the combustion air through the air outlet slots provided in each grate bar element in at least two stages over the entire combustion width and length is blown evenly horizontally. The joining of the individual elements on both sides has no influence on the existing air outlet slots, which also ensures the uniform supply of the combustion air.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden in Form eines Ausführungs­beispieles anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch im Querschnitt eine aus einzelnen Roststabelementen gebildete Schubrostfeuerung zur Müllverbrennung;
  • Fig. 2 im Schnitt zwei dachziegelartig übereinander ange­ordnete Roststabelemente und
  • Fig. 3 ein einzelnes Roststabelement im Schnitt.
The invention is explained in more detail below in the form of an embodiment with reference to the drawing. This shows in:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in cross section a grate combustion made of individual grate bar elements for waste incineration;
  • Fig. 2 in section two roof tile elements arranged one above the other like roof tiles
  • Fig. 3 shows a single grate bar element in section.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist unterhalb eines Feuerraumes eine aus ein­zelnen Roststabelementen 1 gebildete Rostfeuerung für Müll 23 vorgesehen, die von oben her mit dem Müll 23 beschickt ist. Über Luftverteilerkästen 24, die in Aschetrichtern 27 untergebracht sind, wird den zwangsluftgekühlten Roststabe­lementen 1 Verbrennungsluft 14 horizontal über in Nasen 2, 2a (Fig. 3) angeordnete Luftaustrittsschlitze 5, 6 zuge­führt. Die Verbrennungsluft 14 dient dabei gleichzeitig als Kühlluft für die Roststabelemente 1. Mehrere Roststabele­mente 1 sind, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich zu einer dichten Rostfläche 9, 10, 13 ohne Spaltbildung zwischen den ein­zelnen Roststabelementen 1 dachziegelartig überlappend zu­sammengefügt. Am Roststabelement 1 sind, wie Fig. 3 zeigt, auf jeder Seite an einem Längsteg 8 Luftkanäle 3, 4 mit Kühlrippen 11, 12 für die Kühlung der Roststabelemente 1 angebracht, die am Ende der Nasen 2, 2a mit den als Düsen ausgebildeten Luftschlitzen 5, 6 versehen sind. Aufgrund dieser Ausbildung der Luftschlitze 5, 6 in Form von Düsen ist gewährleistet, daß auf der Höhe des Luftaustrittes die gesamte oder weitgehend die gesamte von einem Primärluft­ventilator erzeugte Druckenergie der zugeführten Verbren­nungsluft in Geschwindigkeit umgesetzt ist, und zwar ohne nennenswerten Druckverlust. Dadurch ist ein geringstmögli­cher Druckverlust bei gleichzeitig weitgehend laminarer Ausbildung der aus den Düsen 5, 6 austretenden Verbren­nungsluft gesichert. Die auf die Materialrutschflächen 9, 10 bzw. 13 (Fig. 2) gerichteten Luftdüsen 5, 6 führen die Verbrennungsluft 14 horizontal auf der gesamten Rostbreite (Fig. 2) für die Verbrennung vom Müll zu. Weiterhin werden die Rutschflächen 9, 10, 13 durch die über die Luftkanäle 3, 4 zwangsgeführte Verbrennungsluft 14 gekühlt, wodurch die Temperatur der Roststabelemente 1 sehr niedrig gehalten wird und somit metallische Aufschweißungen verhindert sind.According to FIG. 1, a grate furnace for garbage 23 formed from individual grate bar elements 1 is provided below a combustion chamber and is loaded with the garbage 23 from above. Combustion air 14 is fed horizontally to the forced air-cooled grate bar elements 1 via air distribution boxes 24, which are accommodated in ash funnels 27, via air outlet slots 5, 6 arranged in lugs 2, 2a (FIG. 3). The combustion air 14 serves at the same time as cooling air for the grate bar elements 1. Several grate bar elements 1, as can be seen in FIG. 3, 8 air channels 3, 4 with cooling fins 11, 12 for cooling the grate bar elements 1 are attached to each side of a longitudinal web, which at the end of the lugs 2, 2a with the air slots 5 designed as nozzles , 6 are provided. This design of the air slots 5, 6 in the form of nozzles ensures that at the level of the air outlet all or largely all of the pressure energy of the supplied combustion air generated by a primary air fan is converted into speed, and without any noteworthy pressure loss. This ensures the lowest possible pressure loss with a largely laminar formation of the combustion air emerging from the nozzles 5, 6. The air nozzles 5, 6 directed towards the material sliding surfaces 9, 10 and 13 (FIG. 2) feed the combustion air 14 horizontally across the entire grate width (FIG. 2) for the combustion of the waste. Furthermore, the sliding surfaces 9, 10, 13 are cooled by the combustion air 14 which is positively guided via the air channels 3, 4, as a result of which the temperature of the grate bar elements 1 is kept very low and metallic weld-ons are prevented.

Mittels der gleichmäßig auf der gesamten Rostbreite 9, 10, 13 zugeführten Verbrennungsluft 14 entsteht nicht mehr eine pulsierende, sondern eine ruhige Verbrennung. Somit wird eine optimale Verbrennung von Müll 23 erzielt, die den CO_ Gehalt und die Korrosion an den Rohrheizflächen weitgehend herabsetzt und mehr Flugstaub in die Schlacke einbindet. Auch die leichten Müllgutteile auf den Roststäben 1 werden verbrennt, wodurch eine frühzeitige Anbackung und Ablage­rung an den Nachschaltheizflächen im Müllkessel verhindert wird.By means of the combustion air 14 which is supplied uniformly over the entire grate width 9, 10, 13, there is no longer a pulsating, but rather a quiet combustion. In this way, an optimal combustion of waste 23 is achieved, which largely reduces the CO_ content and the corrosion on the pipe heating surfaces and incorporates more flying dust into the slag. The light waste parts on the grate bars 1 are also burned, thereby preventing premature caking and depositing on the secondary heating surfaces in the waste boiler.

Die einzelnen Roststabelemente 1 sind mit Bohrungen 7 (Fig. 2) versehen, die es erlauben, die einzelnen Elemente 1 zu einer Rostplanfläche 9, 10, 13 ohne Spaltbildung zwischen den einzelnen Roststabelementen 1 zusammenzuschrauben. Dies ermöglicht die gewünschte Verbrennung von pastösen Abfall­stoff.The individual grate bar elements 1 are provided with bores 7 (FIG. 2), which allow the individual elements 1 to be screwed together to form a grate flat surface 9, 10, 13 without the formation of a gap between the individual grate bar elements 1. This enables the desired combustion of pasty waste.

Claims (3)

1. Grate bar incineration for refuse destruction com­prising grate bar elements (1) in stepped arrangement pro­vided with air passage slots (5, 6) to conduct combustion air and with fins (11, 12) to cool the grate bar elements, the air passage slots being formed such that the combustion air escapes parallel to the upper surface of the grate bar element profiles, characterized in that each grate bar element (1) comprises two material sliding surfaces (9, 10) in stacked cascade arrangement which are defined at their end by a nose (2, 2a) provided with the air passage slots (5, 6), and that the grate bar elements (1) are arranged inbricatedly.
2. Grate bar incineration according to claim 1, cha­racterized in that the air passage slots (5, 6) are formed as jets the cross section thereof being tapered from the jet entry to the jet end.
3. Grate bar incineration according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each grate bar element (1) comprises bores (7) on both sides to receive connecting means so that the grate bar elements (1) can be combined into a closed grate bar plane surface (9, 10, 13).
EP87110535A 1987-04-25 1987-07-21 Grate bar incineration for refuse destruction Expired - Lifetime EP0288597B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110535T ATE60832T1 (en) 1987-04-25 1987-07-21 GRANT FIRING FOR WASTE INCINERATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3716082 1987-04-25
DE3716082 1987-04-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0288597A1 EP0288597A1 (en) 1988-11-02
EP0288597B1 true EP0288597B1 (en) 1991-02-06

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EP87110535A Expired - Lifetime EP0288597B1 (en) 1987-04-25 1987-07-21 Grate bar incineration for refuse destruction

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AT (1) ATE60832T1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3913885A1 (en) * 1989-04-27 1990-10-31 Omnical Gmbh Boiler with provision for burning wet fuel - has extended hearth which forms part of drying chamber, with fuel dried by forced draught of recirculated flue gas
JPH0717937Y2 (en) * 1990-05-21 1995-04-26 日本鋼管株式会社 Grate structure of a horizontal incinerator
DE4105330C1 (en) * 1991-02-18 1992-08-06 Noell - K + K Abfalltechnik Gmbh, 4040 Neuss, De
DE19860553C2 (en) * 1998-12-22 2001-03-29 Mannesmann Ag Liquid-cooled combustion grate
US7146916B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2006-12-12 Eco/Technologies, Llc Starved air inclined hearth combustor
DE102004032291B4 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-07-13 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate
DE102004034322B4 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-09-28 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH543045A (en) * 1970-09-29 1973-10-15 Sigg Conrad Equipment for incinerating waste materials, in particular garbage, sludge and residues
CH669447A5 (en) * 1982-05-13 1989-03-15 Von Roll Ag
DE3428586A1 (en) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-07 Deutsche Richard Kablitz Gesellschaft für Ökonomie der Dampferzeugungskosten und Feuerungskontrolle Richard Kablitz GmbH & Co KG, 6970 Lauda Sloping grate for furnaces

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EP0288597A1 (en) 1988-11-02
ATE60832T1 (en) 1991-02-15

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