EP0435742B1 - System for assembling a bridge element for surmounting a gap - Google Patents
System for assembling a bridge element for surmounting a gap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0435742B1 EP0435742B1 EP90403659A EP90403659A EP0435742B1 EP 0435742 B1 EP0435742 B1 EP 0435742B1 EP 90403659 A EP90403659 A EP 90403659A EP 90403659 A EP90403659 A EP 90403659A EP 0435742 B1 EP0435742 B1 EP 0435742B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- sections
- assembly system
- receptacle
- profile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
- E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
- E01D15/133—Portable or sectional bridges built-up from readily separable standardised sections or elements, e.g. Bailey bridges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for assembling a span intended in particular for crossing breaches by so-called heavy vehicles, for example by armored vehicles.
- spans are generally either spans of the scissor type, or simple spans in several joined sections.
- the scissor-type span comprises two to three inseparable elements which develop by rotation in a vertical plane around the common axis of two elements.
- these spans can be placed knows by means of an arrow, knows using a manipulator.
- the span rises to a height such that it is easily detectable by means of enemy observations.
- the articulation and deployment system considerably increases the overall weight, which makes it necessary to limit the range, since the efforts on the cantilever deployment system become too great.
- the sections are transported superimposed relative to one another, then deployed in translation by a manipulator which is also used for the removal of said span.
- the centering and connecting members used are very often complicated to implement, taking into account the dimensions of the sections, which requires the presence of several servants outside the vehicle to control and guide the maneuvers.
- Document US-A-3 504 389 discloses a system for assembling a span for crossing breaches comprising at least two sections intended for be placed end to end to form at least one raceway and at least the opposite ends are provided with connecting means.
- the connecting means comprise interlocking members of complementary shape formed at the corresponding end of each section by a succession of projecting parts and recesses offset with respect to those of the end of the other section placed opposite.
- the sections are connected together by a transverse axis which crosses the projecting parts and the recesses.
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a system for assembling a span which is particularly simple and easy to implement.
- the present invention therefore relates to a system for assembling a span for crossing breaches comprising at least two sections intended to be placed end to end to form at least one raceway and of which at least the opposite ends are provided with connecting means comprising interlocking members of complementary shape formed by a succession of projecting parts and recesses offset with respect to those of the end of the other section placed opposite, characterized in that each recess is extends by a housing formed inside the section and intended to receive the projecting part associated with the opposite section for positioning, maintaining and centering one section with respect to the other.
- the span shown in Figs. 1 to 3 consists of several pairs of sections 1, the sections of each pair being interconnected by crosspieces 2.
- each end 1a and 1b of each of the sections 1 comprises interlocking members of complementary shape designated by the reference 10.
- interlocking members are formed by a succession of projecting parts 11 and recesses 12.
- the projecting parts 11 have a trapezoidal profile converging towards the end of the section 1 and have a base of polygonal section.
- Each recess 12 is extended by a housing 13 formed inside the section 1 and of profile complementary to the profile of the projecting parts 11, that is to say trapezoidal and converging towards the center of said section.
- each housing 13 is pierced with an orifice 14 perpendicular to the axis of said housing and opening out on either side of the section.
- the projecting parts 11 and the recesses 12 of each end 1a and 1b of the section 1 are offset from one another.
- a protruding part 11 of the end 1a of a section 1 corresponds to a recess 12 of the end 1b of this same section.
- each pair of sections 1 With the pair of sections placed opposite, the projecting parts 11 of each section penetrate into the recesses 12 and are placed in the housings 13 of the opposite section as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the sections are therefore automatically aligned with respect to each other at the time of the formation of the span, which makes it possible to overcome the differences in level between said sections. sections.
- the interlocking members 10 make it possible to use a number of pairs of sections 1 corresponding to the dimensions of the breach to be crossed.
- This arrangement also makes it possible to avoid the positioning and centering maneuvers of one section relative to the other, which are in most cases tedious taking into account the weight and dimensions of the sections.
- each section is covered, at the interlocking members 10, with a protective mat 15 (FIGS. 5 and 6) provided with roughness preventing the vehicles from slipping.
- the end 15a of the mat 15 partially covers the protruding parts 11 and the recesses 12 of the end 1a of the section 1, while the end 15b of said mat 15 completely covers the protruding parts 11 and the recesses 12 of the end 1b of said section 1.
- the end 15b of the mat 15 is profiled.
- the end 15b of the mat 15 of one of the sections 1 lifts the end 15a of the mat 15 from the other section, so that said ends overlap and cover the joining plane of the two sections.
- the assembly of the span can be carried out automatically with speed and safety and does not require any connection with ancillary devices for supplying energy, for example, electric or hydraulic.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Automatic Assembly (AREA)
- Passenger Equipment (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un système d'assemblage d'une travure destinée notamment au franchissement de brèches par des engins dits lourds par exemple par des engins blindés.The present invention relates to a system for assembling a span intended in particular for crossing breaches by so-called heavy vehicles, for example by armored vehicles.
Le franchissement de brèches ou autres passages entre deux bords surélevés par des engins dits lourds réclame des travures présentant non seulement une aptitude toute particulière à la rapidité de pose, mais aussi une légèreté facilitant leur transport et leur mise en oeuvre.The crossing of breaches or other passages between two raised edges by so-called heavy equipment requires spans having not only a very particular aptitude for the speed of installation, but also a lightness facilitating their transport and their implementation.
Ces impératifs de légèreté et de maniabilité sont contradictoires avec les qualités de robustesse, de solidité mécanique et de résistance à la flexion, compte-tenu du poids des engins pouvant utiliser ces travures.These imperatives of lightness and maneuverability are contradictory with the qualities of robustness, mechanical solidity and resistance to bending, taking into account the weight of the machines that can use these spans.
Ces travures sont généralement soit des travures de type en ciseaux, soit des travures simples en plusieurs tronçons aboutables.These spans are generally either spans of the scissor type, or simple spans in several joined sections.
Les travures de type en ciseaux comprennent deux au trois éléments indissociables qui se développent par rotation dans un plan vertical autour de l'axe commun de deux éléments.The scissor-type span comprises two to three inseparable elements which develop by rotation in a vertical plane around the common axis of two elements.
Après déploiement, ces travures peuvent être déposées sait au moyen d'une flèche, sait à l'aide d'un manipulateur.After deployment, these spans can be placed knows by means of an arrow, knows using a manipulator.
Ces travures de type en ciseaux ont pour principal inconvénient le fait que lors du déploiement ou de la dépose, l'ensemble de la travure se trouve être en porte-à-faux vis à vis du véhicule porteur, ce qui oblige à limiter le poids des travures et donc entraine une limitation dans la longueur des travures utilisées et de ce fait des brèches qu'il est possible de franchir.The main drawback of these scissor-type bridges is that during deployment or removal, the entire bridging is found to be overhanging with respect to the carrier vehicle, which means that the weight must be limited spans and therefore leads to a limitation in the length of the spans used and therefore breaches that it is possible to cross.
De plus, lors du déploiement ou de la dépose, la travure s'élève à une hauteur telle qu'elle est facilement détectable par les moyens d'observations ennemis. D'autre part, le système d'articulation et de déploiement alourdit considérablement l'ensemble ce qui oblige à limiter la portée, car les efforts sur le système de déploiement en porte à faux deviennent trop importants.In addition, during deployment or removal, the span rises to a height such that it is easily detectable by means of enemy observations. On the other hand, the articulation and deployment system considerably increases the overall weight, which makes it necessary to limit the range, since the efforts on the cantilever deployment system become too great.
Dans le cas d'une travure simple, les tronçons sont transportés de manière superposée les uns par rapport aux autres, puis déployés en translation par un manipulateur qui sert également à la dépose de ladite travure.In the case of a single span, the sections are transported superimposed relative to one another, then deployed in translation by a manipulator which is also used for the removal of said span.
Mais, dans ce type de travure, les tronçons doivent être, avant la dépose, centrés, assemblés et verrouillés les uns par rapport aux autres.However, in this type of span, the sections must be, before removal, centered, assembled and locked with respect to each other.
Jusqu'à présent, l'assemblage des tronçons est réalisé par des arganes de centrage et de liaison formés par exemple par des verrous au des clavettes ou encore des ensembles mécaniques comprenant un dispositif à crémaillère et à cliquet actionné par un poussoir.Up to now, the sections have been assembled by centering and connecting members formed for example by latches at the keys or else mechanical assemblies comprising a rack and ratchet device actuated by a pusher.
Les organes de centrage et de liaison utilisés sont bien souvent compliqués à mettre en oeuvre, compte-tenu des dimensions des tronçons, ce qui nécessite la présence hors du véhicule de plusieurs servants pour commander et guider les manoeuvres.The centering and connecting members used are very often complicated to implement, taking into account the dimensions of the sections, which requires the presence of several servants outside the vehicle to control and guide the maneuvers.
Cette nécessité représente une restriction importante à l'utilisation de telles travures puisqu'elle en interdit la mise en oeuvre en atmosphère pollué tel que l'on peut en rencontrer lors de conflits nucléaires, bactériologiques ou chimiques.This necessity represents a significant restriction on the use of such bridges since it prohibits the use thereof in a polluted atmosphere such as may be encountered during nuclear, bacteriological or chemical conflicts.
On connaît dans le document US-A-3 504 389 un système d'assemblage d'une travure pour le franchissement de brèches comprenant au moins deux tronçons destinés à être placés bout à bout pour former au moins un chemin de roulement et dont au moins les extrémités en regard sont munies de moyens de liaison. Les moyens de liaison comportent des organes d'emboîtement de forme complémentaire formés à l'extrémité correspondante de chaque tronçon par une succession de parties en saillie et de creux décalés par rapport à ceux de l'extrémité de l'autre tronçon placée en regard. Les tronçons sont reliés entre eux par un axe transversal qui traverse les parties en saillie et les creux.Document US-A-3 504 389 discloses a system for assembling a span for crossing breaches comprising at least two sections intended for be placed end to end to form at least one raceway and at least the opposite ends are provided with connecting means. The connecting means comprise interlocking members of complementary shape formed at the corresponding end of each section by a succession of projecting parts and recesses offset with respect to those of the end of the other section placed opposite. The sections are connected together by a transverse axis which crosses the projecting parts and the recesses.
La présente invention a donc pour but de fournir un système d'assemblage d'une travure qui soit particulièrement simple et facile à mettre en oeuvre.The present invention therefore aims to provide a system for assembling a span which is particularly simple and easy to implement.
La présente invention a donc pour objet un système d'assemblage d'une travure pour le franchissement de brèches comprenant au moins deux tronçons destinés à être placés bout à bout pour former au moins un chemin de roulement et dont au moins les extrémités en regard sont munies de moyens de liaison comportant des organes d'emboîtement de forme complémentaire formés par une succession de parties en saillie et de creux décalés par rapport à ceux de l'extrémité de l'autre tronçon placée en regard, caractérisé en ce que chaque creux se prolonge par un logement ménagé à l'intérieur du tronçon et destiné à recevoir la partie en saillie associée au tronçon opposé pour le positionnement, le maintien et le centrage d'un tronçon par rapport à l'autre.The present invention therefore relates to a system for assembling a span for crossing breaches comprising at least two sections intended to be placed end to end to form at least one raceway and of which at least the opposite ends are provided with connecting means comprising interlocking members of complementary shape formed by a succession of projecting parts and recesses offset with respect to those of the end of the other section placed opposite, characterized in that each recess is extends by a housing formed inside the section and intended to receive the projecting part associated with the opposite section for positioning, maintaining and centering one section with respect to the other.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :
- chaque logement a un profil complémentaire au profil de la partie en saillie associée,
- le profil de chaque logement est trapézoïdal convergeant vers le centre du tronçon,
- les parties en saillie ont un profil trapézoïdal convergeant vers l'extrémité du tronçon et possèdent une base de section polygonale,
- le fond de chaque logement est muni d'un orifice perpendiculaire à l'axe dudit logement et débauchant de part et d'autre du tronçon,
- chaque tronçon comporte sur sa face formant chemin de roulement un tapis de protection recouvrant les arganes d'emboîtement,
- les tapis de deux tronçons assemblés l'un à l'autre se chevauchent au niveau du plan de jointure desdits tronçons.
- each housing has a profile complementary to the profile of the associated projecting part,
- the profile of each housing is trapezoidal converging towards the center of the section,
- the projecting parts have a trapezoidal profile converging towards the end of the section and have a polygonal section base,
- the bottom of each housing is provided with an orifice perpendicular to the axis of said housing and emerging from either side of the section,
- each section has on its face forming a raceway a protective mat covering the interlocking argan,
- the belts of two sections assembled to one another overlap at the level of the joining plane of said sections.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:
- la Fig. 1 est une vue de dessus de deux tronçons d'une travure munie d'un système d'assemblage selon l'invention,
- la Fig. 2 est une vue latérale d'un tronçon de la travure de la Fig. 1,
- la Fig. 3 est une vue à plus grande échelle montrant l'assemblage de deux tronçons placés bout à bout,
- la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 3,
- la Fig. 5 est une vue du dessus des extrémités en regard de deux tronçons opposés de la travure, munis chacun d'un tapis de protection,
- la Fig. 6 est une vue latérale de deux tronçons assemblés montrant le chevauchement des tapis de protection.
- Fig. 1 is a top view of two sections of a span provided with an assembly system according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 is a side view of a section of the span of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3 is a view on a larger scale showing the assembly of two sections placed end to end,
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3,
- Fig. 5 is a top view of the opposite ends of two opposite sections of the span, each provided with a protective mat,
- Fig. 6 is a side view of two assembled sections showing the overlap of the protective mats.
La travure représentée aux Fig. 1 à 3 se compose de plusieurs paires de tronçons 1, les tronçons de chaque paire étant reliés entre eux par des traverses 2.The span shown in Figs. 1 to 3 consists of several pairs of
Pour le franchissement de brèches plusieurs paires de tronçons 1 sont placées bout à bout pour former au mains un chemin de roulement permettant le passage de véhicules.For crossing breaches, several pairs of
A cet effet, chaque extrémité 1a et 1b de chacun des tronçons 1 comporte des organes d'emboîtement de forme complémentaire désignés par la référence 10.To this end, each
Ces organes d'emboîtement sont formés par une succession de parties en saillie 11 et de creux 12.These interlocking members are formed by a succession of projecting
Comme on peut le voir sur la Fig. 2 les parties en saillie 11 ont un profil trapézoïdal convergent vers l'extrémité du tronçon 1 et possèdent une base de section polygonale.As can be seen in Fig. 2 the projecting
Chaque creux 12 se prolonge par un logement 13 ménagé à l'intérieur du tronçon 1 et de profil complémentaire au profil des parties en saillie 11, c'est à dire trapézoïdal et convergent vers le centre dudit tronçon.Each
De plus, le fond de chaque logement 13 est perçé d'un orifice 14 perpendiculaire à l'axe dudit logement et débauchant de part et d'autre du tronçon.In addition, the bottom of each
Ces orifices 14 permettent de nettoyer les logements 13.These
Les parties en saillie 11 et les creux 12 de chaque extrémité 1a et 1b du tronçon 1 sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres.The projecting
Ainsi, à une partie en saillie 11 de l'extrémité 1a d'un tronçon 1 correspond un creux 12 de l'extrémité 1b de ce même tronçon.Thus, a protruding
On peut également concevoir des tronçons comportant seulement à l'une des extrémités des parties en saillie 11 et des creux 12, chaque partie en saillie 11 et chaque creux 12 étant décalés par rapport à ceux de l'extrémité de l'autre tronçon placé en regard au moment de l'assemblage.It is also possible to design sections comprising only at one end of the
Lors de l'assemblage de chaque paire de tronçons 1 avec la paire de tronçons placée en regard, les parties en saillie 11 de chaque tronçon pénètrent dans les creux 12 et viennent se placer dans les logements 13 du tronçon opposé comme représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 4.During the assembly of each pair of
Grâce à la forme profilée déterminée des parties en saillie 11 et des logements 13, les tronçons s'alignent donc automatiquement les uns par rapport aux autres au moment de la formation de la travure ce qui permet de s'affranchir des différences de niveau entre lesdits tronçons.Thanks to the determined profiled shape of the projecting
Les organes d'emboîtement 10 permettent de pouvoir utiliser un nombre de paires de tronçons 1 correspondant aux dimensions de la brèche à franchir.The interlocking
Cette disposition permet également d'éviter les manoeuvres de positionnement et de centrage d'un tronçon par rapport à l'autre, qui sont dans la plupart des cas fastidieuses compte-tenu du poids et des dimensions des tronçons.This arrangement also makes it possible to avoid the positioning and centering maneuvers of one section relative to the other, which are in most cases tedious taking into account the weight and dimensions of the sections.
Par ailleurs, la face supérieure de chaque tronçon est recouverte, au niveau des organes d'emboîtement 10, d'un tapis de protection 15 (Figs 5 et 6) muni d'aspérités empêchant le patinage des véhicules.Furthermore, the upper face of each section is covered, at the interlocking
L'extrémité 15a du tapis 15 recouvre partiellement les parties en saillie 11 et les creux 12 de l'extrémité 1a du tronçon 1, alors que l'extrémité 15b dudit tapis 15 recouvre totalement les parties en saillie 11 et les creux 12 de l'extrémité 1b dudit tronçon 1.The end 15a of the
De plus, l'extrémité 15b du tapis 15 est profilée. Ainsi, au moment de l'assemblage de deux tronçons opposés, l'extrémité 15b du tapis 15 de l'un des tronçons 1 soulève l'extrémité 15a du tapis 15 de l'autre tronçon, si bien que lesdites extrémités se chevauchent et recouvrent le plan de jointure des deux tronçons.In addition, the end 15b of the
Compte-tenu de la simplicité du système selon l'invention, l'assemblage de la travure peut être effectué automatiquement avec rapidité et sûreté et ne nécessite aucune connection avec des dispositifs annexes de fourniture d'énergie par exemple, électrique ou hydraulique.Given the simplicity of the system according to the invention, the assembly of the span can be carried out automatically with speed and safety and does not require any connection with ancillary devices for supplying energy, for example, electric or hydraulic.
Claims (7)
- System for assembling a crossing structure for bridging gaps, comprising at least two sections (1) which are intended to be placed end to end to form at least one runway, and of which at least the opposing ends (1a,1b) are equipped with connecting means which comprise interlocking members (10) of complementary shape formed by a succession of projecting portions (11) and recesses (12) offset relative to those at the end of the other section located opposite, characterised in that each recess (12) is extended by a receptacle (13) provided inside the section (1) and adapted to receive the projecting portion (11) associated with the opposite section in order to position, retain and centre one section relative to the other.
- Assembly system according to claim 1, characterised in that each receptacle (13) has a profile which is complementary to the profile of the associated projecting portion (11).
- Assembly system according to claim 2, characterised in that the profile of each receptacle (13) is trapezoidal and converges towards the centre of the section.
- Assembly system according to claim 1, characterised in that the projecting portions (11) have a trapezoidal profile which converges towards the end of the section (1) and they have a base of polygonal cross-section.
- Assembly system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the base of each receptacle (13) has an opening (14) perpendicular to the axis of said receptacle (13) and opening out on both sides of the section (1).
- Assembly system according to claim 1, characterised in that each section has, on its surface which forms a runway, a protective covering (15) which covers the interlocking members (10).
- Assembly system according to claim 6, characterised in that the coverings (15) of two sections (1) assembled with one another overlap in the region of the joining plane of the said sections.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8917191 | 1989-12-26 | ||
| FR8917191A FR2656351B1 (en) | 1989-12-26 | 1989-12-26 | SYSTEM FOR ASSEMBLING A WORK FOR THE CROSSING OF BREACHES. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0435742A1 EP0435742A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| EP0435742B1 true EP0435742B1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=9388961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90403659A Expired - Lifetime EP0435742B1 (en) | 1989-12-26 | 1990-12-18 | System for assembling a bridge element for surmounting a gap |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5113543A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0435742B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04261904A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033155A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69001014T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2038502T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2656351B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4126250C2 (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1996-10-24 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Bridge system consisting of track supports |
| DE4239952A1 (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-06-01 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Rectangular cross-section bridge element for light loads - has end protrusions with notches while end recesses have lugs and contract forces |
| DE4242158C2 (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1998-02-19 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Bridge element for light loads |
| US6243994B1 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2001-06-12 | Bebo Of America, Inc. | Joint for pre-cast concrete twin-leaf arch sections |
| CN106758761A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北华舟重工应急装备股份有限公司 | Assembled modularization bridge and application method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1209747A (en) * | 1966-12-16 | 1970-10-21 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in or relating to dismantleable bridges and other structures |
| CA994977A (en) * | 1973-10-02 | 1976-08-17 | Petrie Patents Limited | Portable structural framing member |
| GB2011507B (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1982-02-24 | Westland Aircraft Ltd | Load-supporting structures |
| DE2819405A1 (en) * | 1978-05-03 | 1979-11-08 | Dieter Knauer | Extensible boom for loading materials - comprises sliding sleeves with male and female portions each with ramp faces |
| US4965903A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-10-30 | Kitchener Forging Ltd. | Modular bridge |
-
1989
- 1989-12-26 FR FR8917191A patent/FR2656351B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-12-18 ES ES199090403659T patent/ES2038502T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-18 DE DE9090403659T patent/DE69001014T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-18 EP EP90403659A patent/EP0435742B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-20 US US07/631,167 patent/US5113543A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-24 CA CA002033155A patent/CA2033155A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-26 JP JP2418368A patent/JPH04261904A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2656351B1 (en) | 1992-07-31 |
| DE69001014T2 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| FR2656351A1 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
| CA2033155A1 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
| DE69001014D1 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
| ES2038502T3 (en) | 1993-07-16 |
| EP0435742A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| JPH04261904A (en) | 1992-09-17 |
| US5113543A (en) | 1992-05-19 |
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