EP0428561B1 - Bullet - Google Patents

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EP0428561B1
EP0428561B1 EP89908671A EP89908671A EP0428561B1 EP 0428561 B1 EP0428561 B1 EP 0428561B1 EP 89908671 A EP89908671 A EP 89908671A EP 89908671 A EP89908671 A EP 89908671A EP 0428561 B1 EP0428561 B1 EP 0428561B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
core
jacket
projectile
tip
bullet
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EP89908671A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0428561A1 (en
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Udo Winter
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Individual
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Individual
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/52Nose cones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile for a handgun cartridge, with a projectile core and a core casing, the core consisting of a specifically heavier material than the casing and the core and casing are positively connected.
  • the core and the sheath that completely surrounds it to the bottom are connected to one another only by a slight compression at the bottom end of the sheath, so that when the core hits, the thin layer of the sheath immediately pierces and is alone penetrates into the target, whereby the desired penetration, but only a weak shock and man-stopping effect is achieved.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a projectile of the type described at the outset which satisfies the opposing requirements with regard to a high penetration rate and a man-stopping effect as well as a relatively short trajectory if the target is missed.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the projectile core forms circumferential, at most up to a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter radially outward formings for form-locking connection with the core jacket and the core jacket is open to the projectile tip in a known manner. Due to this special positive connection between core and jacket, the mutual cohesion of core and jacket is strong enough to avoid separation when striking soft or plastic target media and to ensure a common penetration, the jacket being expanded and rolled up within the target medium, what leads to the desired man-stopping effect. The However, the form-fitting connection is again not so strong that it can also withstand the impact on hard target media, so that only the heavy projectile core penetrates into hard target media and the desired penetration effect occurs. The opening of the core jacket on the front makes it easier to roll it up into soft target media or to strip it off when it hits hard target media.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the projectile core protrudes from the core jacket on the tip side, the cylindrical core jacket towards the tip being pulled axially beyond the cylinder part of the projectile core which changes into a conical tip part, or the tip-side end face of the core jacket is aligned with the envelope surface of the core tip can.
  • This loads the projectile effect by more or less protruding from the core, by the size of a free space between the core and jacket, the formation of the projectile tip and the like. adapt to special circumstances and optimize for certain target media.
  • the core jacket has axially running predetermined breaking points, the roll-up process of the jacket in a soft target medium can be facilitated and the man-stopping effect can be increased.
  • a projectile 1 for a handgun cartridge has a projectile core 2 and a core jacket 3, the core 2 being made of a specifically heavier material than the jacket 3.
  • the core jacket 3 is on the outer circumference in the base area with deformation undercuts 4 for the tight fit in the gun barrel when firing provided, for which sealing rings or sealing caps, not shown, can be fitted onto the core jacket.
  • Projectile core 2 and core casing 3 are positively connected to one another and the circumferential shapes 6 of the projectile core 2 for this form-fit connection lie within a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter.
  • These grooves 6 are formed by a plurality of grooves or threads that are evenly lined up and ensure the desired cohesion between the core and the jacket.
  • the projectile 1 is seated in a conventional cartridge case 12 which is equipped with a primer 13 and has a powder chamber 14 for receiving the propellant charge.
  • An ignition channel 15 between the primer 13 and the powder chamber 14 allows the propellant to be ignited.
  • the projectile core 2 protrudes on the tip side beyond the core jacket 3, whereby, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the core jacket 3 can be pulled axially beyond the cylindrical part of the projectile core 2, so that between the conical tip part of the projectile 2 and the core jacket 3, an annular free space 5 remains.
  • the projectile core 2 can protrude not only with its tip, but also partially with its cylinder part over the core jacket 3 and according to FIG. 3 the core jacket 3 can align with its tip-side end face in alignment with the envelope surface of the core tip.
  • the core casing 3 can be closed on the bottom without impairing the projectile effect, and from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 it can be seen that the projectile core 2 can have an arbitrarily shaped core tip, for example a blunt tip .
  • axially extending grooves are provided in the core jacket 3 as predetermined breaking points 11, which are arranged symmetrically and extend from the tip-side jacket edge to the area of the positive connection 6.
  • a projectile according to the invention hits a hard target medium, for example a steel plate
  • the projectile core 2 penetrates into the steel plate because it displaces the material located directly in front of the core tip.
  • the core jacket 3 deforms on the surface of the steel plate and increases its diameter centrally around the point of impact of the projectile core 2, while the projectile core 2 continues into the Steel plate penetrates. From a defined penetration depth, the positive connection 6 between the projectile core 2 and core casing 3 is released and the projectile core 2 continues, detached from the core casing 3, to continue its way through the steel plate.
  • the same steel plate was bombarded with commercial ammunition of the same caliber, the bullet weighing about 8 grams.
  • the projectile according to the invention for this experiment had a weight of 2.3 grams.
  • the commercially available projectile had little or no effect when it hit the steel plate, but the full penetration with residual effect was achieved behind the plate in the case of the projectile according to the invention.
  • a projectile 1 according to the invention hits a plastic clay block or another soft target medium, the projectile penetrates into the plastic target medium.
  • the core jacket 3 deforms by first widening over the entire circumference and detaching from the upper part of the projectile core 2 in order to roll up with increasing depth of penetration in the direction of the rear of the projectile, with a tip-side clearance 5 preventing the projectile core jacket 3 from expanding and rolling up favored the direction of the shot.
  • the diameter of the projectile 1 is considerably increased, which entails an increased energy output from the projectile 1 in the plastic target medium.
  • the positive connection 6 between core shell 3 and projectile core 2 does not come loose as when hitting hard target media, the undeformed projectile core 2 and the strongly deformed core shell 3 form a unit, whereby the deformation of the core shell 3 means that the projectile 1 is faster than comparable projectiles releases to the plastic target medium and comes to a standstill after a relatively short penetration path.
  • the core jacket 3 will tear along the predetermined breaking points 11 and, with increasing penetration depth, roll up in segments like the opposite direction of the shot, thereby further increasing the diameter of the projectile 1.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments and it also includes a variety of materials for the projectile core, such as steel, hard metal, tungsten and the like. and for the core jacket, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, plastics and the like.,
  • the core jacket also entirely or partially with a protective layer of copper, plastic or the like. can be provided to protect the gun barrel, etc.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT89/00066 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 22, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 22, 1991 PCT Filed Jul. 26, 1989 PCT Pub. No. WO90/01669 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 22, 1990.A projectile (1) for a cartridge for hand-held firearms comprises a core (2) and a core jacket (3). The core (2) is made of a material which has a higher specific gravity than the material of the jacket (3). The core (2) and the jacket (3) are positively interconnected. In order to achieve a high penetrating power and a man-stopping effect and to ensure that the trajectory will be relatively short in case of a miss, the core (2) of the projectile is integrally formed on its periphery with deformed portions (6), which extend radially outwardly within a diameter range which is determined by the maximum core diameter and serve to establish a positive joint with the core jacket (3), and in a manner known per se the core jacket (3) is open toward the tip of the projectile.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Geschoß für eine Handfeuerwaffenpatrone, mit einem Geschoßkern und einem Kernmantel, wobei der Kern aus einem spezifisch schwereren Material besteht als der Mantel und Kern und Mantel formschlüssig miteinander in Verbindung stehen.The invention relates to a projectile for a handgun cartridge, with a projectile core and a core casing, the core consisting of a specifically heavier material than the casing and the core and casing are positively connected.

Geschoße mit einem ummantelten Kern gibt es bereits in verschiedensten Ausführungsformen, wobei meistens der den Kern vollständig einhüllende Mantel die Gleiteigenschaften des Geschoßes im Lauf verbessern bzw. Verschleißerscheinungen des Laufes und Materialablagerungen im Lauf verringern soll (US-PS 15 02 925 und 29 26 612, FR-PS 24 29 407). Ähnliches gilt für Geschoße mit einem sehr harten Kern, der eine verbreiterte spitze aufweist und mit einer bodenseitig geschlossenen, den Kern nur bis zur Spitze umhüllenden Mantelbüchse versehen ist (FR-PS 24 31 676). Weiters ist es bei Schrapnellgeschoßen bekannt, eine Vielzahl von Kernteilen mit einer Kunststoffhülle zu ummanteln und dadurch den Kern zusammenzuhalten (US-PS 46 49 829), und es gibt auch bereits Geschoße mit einem mehrteiligen, verschraubbaren Kernmantel und einem speziellen, durch eine aufgezogene Hülse verstärkten Kern, wobei die Kernhülse und die durch das Verschrauben der Mantelteile erreichbare Einspannung des Kernes eine frühzeitige Kernzertrümmerung beim Auftreffen auf ein Ziel verhindern sollen, um eine entsprechende Wirkungssteigerung des Geschoßes zu erzielen (CH-PS 305 151). Um eine gleichmäßigere Geschoßwirkung bei unterschiedlicher Zielentfernung zu erreichen, gibt es auch schon Geschoße mit zwei in einem Außenmantel hintereinander eingesetzten Kernen, wobei der hintere Kern zusätzlich von einem kappenförmigen Innenmantel umgeben ist, so daß durch die Stauchung des vorderen Bereiches beim Aufschlagen des Geschoßes eine besonders starke radiale Aufweitung des hinteren Kernes ohne einen Zerfall der Geschoßteile eintritt und es dadurch zu einer erhöhten Schockwirkung kommt (DD-PS 250 986).Bullets with a sheathed core are already available in a wide variety of designs, with the sheath completely enveloping the core mostly improving the sliding properties of the projectile in the barrel or reducing signs of wear on the barrel and material deposits in the barrel (US Pat. Nos. 15 02 925 and 29 26 612, FR-PS 24 29 407). The same applies to projectiles with a very hard core, which has a widened tip and is provided with a jacket sleeve which is closed on the bottom and only encases the core up to the tip (FR-PS 24 31 676). Furthermore, it is known in shrapnel bullets to sheath a large number of core parts with a plastic sleeve and thereby hold the core together (US Pat. No. 4,649,829), and there are also bullets with a multi-part screw-on core jacket and a special sleeve that is pulled open Reinforced core, whereby the core sleeve and the clamping of the core that can be achieved by screwing the shell parts are to prevent premature core destruction when hitting a target in order to achieve a corresponding increase in effectiveness of the projectile (CH-PS 305 151). In order to achieve a more even projectile effect at different target distances, there are also two-story storeys Outer jacket inserted cores one behind the other, the rear core being additionally surrounded by a cap-shaped inner jacket, so that due to the compression of the front area when the projectile hits the bullet, a particularly strong radial expansion of the rear core occurs without a disintegration of the projectile parts and this leads to an increased shock effect comes (DD-PS 250 986).

Darüber hinaus wurden auch schon gattungsgemäße Geschoße vorgeschlagen, bei denen zur speziellen Beeinflussung der Schußwirkung Geschoßkern und Kernmantel aufeinander abgestimmt sind (FR-PS 23 21 108 und 24 97 940). So gibt es beim Geschoß gemäß der FR-PS 23 21 108 das dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 entspricht, einen durch eine radial über den maximalen Kerndurchmesser vorragende Schulter entstehenden starken Formschluß zwischen Kern und Mantel und das Geschoß wirkt beim Auftreffen wie einstückig, wobei der nur durch eine dünne Kappe an der Spitze geschlossene Mantel nach innen einbricht und das ganze Material des Spitzenbereiches seitlich weggeschleudert wird. Dies führt zu einem raschen Energieabbau und zu einer guten Schock- oder Mannstoppwirkung, doch bleibt die Durchschlagsfähigkeit unbefriedigend. Beim Geschoß gemäß der FR-OS 24 97 940 wiederum sind der Kern und der diesen bis auf den Boden voll umhüllende Mantel nur durch eine geringfügige Stauchung am bodenseitigen Mantelende miteinander verbunden, so daß beim Aufschlag der Kern sofort die dünne Schicht des Mantels durchstößt und alleine in das Ziel eindringt, wodurch die gewünschte Durchschlagsleistung, aber lediglich eine schwache Schock- und Mannstoppwirkung erreicht wird.In addition, bullets of the generic type have already been proposed, in which the projectile core and core jacket are matched to one another in order to influence the firing effect (FR-PS 23 21 108 and 24 97 940). So there is in the projectile according to FR-PS 23 21 108 which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1, a strong positive connection between the core and the jacket resulting from a shoulder projecting radially beyond the maximum core diameter, and the projectile appears as one piece when striking, the only a closed cap at the tip breaks in and the entire material of the tip area is thrown off to the side. This leads to a rapid loss of energy and a good shock or man-stopping effect, but the penetration remains unsatisfactory. In the case of the projectile according to FR-OS 24 97 940, in turn, the core and the sheath that completely surrounds it to the bottom are connected to one another only by a slight compression at the bottom end of the sheath, so that when the core hits, the thin layer of the sheath immediately pierces and is alone penetrates into the target, whereby the desired penetration, but only a weak shock and man-stopping effect is achieved.

Da Geschoße wie z.B. in DE-C-197205 dargelegt, von denen eine große Durchschlagsleistung erwartet wird, bisher aus einem Material hohen spezifischen Gewichtes hergestellt und durch eine brisante Treibladung angetrieben werden, sind mit diesen Geschoßen neben der Durchschlagsleitung auch große Schußweiten verbunden, so daß bei einem Fehlschuß mit einem solchen Geschoß eine unkontrollierte Gefährdung Dritter auch auf große Entfernung besteht und diese Geschoße für Polizeieinsätze od.dgl. ungeeignet sind. Bei einem Polizeieinsatz od.dgl. ist es nämlich vorteilhaft, wenn sich Geschoße durch eine gute mannstoppende Wirkung auszeichnen und bei Verfehlen des Ziels nur einen kleinen Gefährdungsbereich mit sich bringen. Zusätzlich ist eine relativ hohe Durchschlagsleistung gewünscht, um übliche Panzerungen gegen Handfeuerwaffengeschoße durchschlagen zu können. Die bekannten Geschoße erfüllen diese Anforderungen allerdings nur teilweise und ihre Verwendung gerade bei Polizeieinsätzen bleibt daher oft unbefriedigend.Since projectiles such as those described in DE-C-197205, from which a high penetration rate is expected, have hitherto been produced from a material of high specific weight and are driven by an explosive propellant charge, these projectiles are in addition to the Breakdown line also connected large shot distances, so that in the event of a missed shot with such a projectile, there is an uncontrolled risk to third parties even at a great distance and these projectiles for police operations or the like. are unsuitable. In a police operation or the like. because it is advantageous if projectiles are characterized by a good man-stopping effect and, if the target is missed, only bring a small danger area with them. In addition, a relatively high penetration rate is desired in order to be able to penetrate the usual armor against small arms. However, the known projectiles only partially meet these requirements and their use, especially in police operations, therefore often remains unsatisfactory.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Geschoß der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, das den einander entgegengesetzten Anforderungen hinsichtlich einer hohen Durchschlagsleistung und einer mannstoppenden Wirkung sowie einer relativ kurzen Flugbahn bei Verfehlen des Zieles bestens genügt.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a projectile of the type described at the outset which satisfies the opposing requirements with regard to a high penetration rate and a man-stopping effect as well as a relatively short trajectory if the target is missed.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Geschoßkern umfangseitige, sich höchstens bis in einen durch den maximalen Kerndurchmesser bestimmten Durchmesserbereich radial auswärts erstreckende Ausformungen zur Formschlußverbindung mit dem Kernmantel bildet und der Kernmantel in an sich bekannter Weise zur Geschoßspitze hin offen ist. Durch diese spezielle Formschlußverbindung zwischen Kern und Mantel ist der gegenseitige Zusammenhalt von Kern und Mantel stark genug, um beim Auftreffen auf weiche oder plastische Zielmedien eine Trennung zu vermeiden und ein gemeinsames Eindringen zu gewährleisten, wobei innerhalb des Zielmediums der Mantel aufgeweitet und aufgerollt wird, was zur gewünschten mannstoppenden Wirkung führt. Die Formschlußverbindung ist aber wiederum nicht so stark, um auch dem Auftreffen auf harte Zielmedien standzuhalten, so daß in harte Zielmedien nur der schwere Geschoßkern eindringt und sich der gewünschte Durchschlagseffekt einstellt. Die Öffnung des Kernmantels an der Vorderseite erleichtert dabei das Aufrollen des Mantels in weiche Zielmedien bzw. das Abstreifen des Mantels beim Auftreffen auf harte Zielmedien.The invention solves this problem in that the projectile core forms circumferential, at most up to a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter radially outward formings for form-locking connection with the core jacket and the core jacket is open to the projectile tip in a known manner. Due to this special positive connection between core and jacket, the mutual cohesion of core and jacket is strong enough to avoid separation when striking soft or plastic target media and to ensure a common penetration, the jacket being expanded and rolled up within the target medium, what leads to the desired man-stopping effect. The However, the form-fitting connection is again not so strong that it can also withstand the impact on hard target media, so that only the heavy projectile core penetrates into hard target media and the desired penetration effect occurs. The opening of the core jacket on the front makes it easier to roll it up into soft target media or to strip it off when it hits hard target media.

Sind als Kernausformungen wenigstens drei im bodenseitigen Endbereich des Kernes umlaufende Rillen vorgesehen, wobei die Rillen gewindeartig ineinanderlaufen können, ergibt sich auf rationelle Weise eine Formschlußverbindung gewünschter Festigkeit, welche Festigkeit durch die Anzahl der Rillen, die Rillentiefe, die Rillenprofilierung u.dgl. beeinflußt werden kann.If at least three circumferential grooves are provided as core formations in the bottom end region of the core, the grooves being able to run into one another in a thread-like manner, a form-fitting connection of desired strength is obtained in a rational manner, which strength is determined by the number of grooves, the groove depth, the groove profile and the like. can be influenced.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der Geschoßkern spitzenseitig aus dem Kernmantel herausragt, wobei der zylindrische Kernmantel zur Spitze hin axial über den in einen konischen Spitzenteil übergehenden Zylinderteil des Geschoßkernes hinausgezogen oder die spitzenseitige Stirnfläche des Kernmantels fluchtend an die Hüllfläche der Kernspitze angeschlossen sein kann. Dadurch lädt sich die Geschoßwirkung durch mehr oder weniger weites Vorragen des Kernes, durch die Größe eines Freiraumes zwischen Kern und Mantel, die Ausbildung der Geschoßspitze u.dgl. an spezielle Gegebenheiten anpassen und hinsichtlich bestimmter Zielmedien optimieren.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the projectile core protrudes from the core jacket on the tip side, the cylindrical core jacket towards the tip being pulled axially beyond the cylinder part of the projectile core which changes into a conical tip part, or the tip-side end face of the core jacket is aligned with the envelope surface of the core tip can. This loads the projectile effect by more or less protruding from the core, by the size of a free space between the core and jacket, the formation of the projectile tip and the like. adapt to special circumstances and optimize for certain target media.

Weist erfindungsgemäß der Kernmantel axial verlaufende Sollbruchstellen auf, kann der Aufrollvorgang des Mantels in einem weichen Zielmedium erleichtert und die mannstoppende Wirkung erhöht werden.If, according to the invention, the core jacket has axially running predetermined breaking points, the roll-up process of the jacket in a soft target medium can be facilitated and the man-stopping effect can be increased.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand näher veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine Handfeuerwaffenpatrone mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Geschoß im Axialschnitt und die
  • Fig. 2 - 5 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschoßes ebenfalls im Axialschnitt.
In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated in more detail, namely show
  • Fig. 1 is a handgun cartridge with a projectile according to the invention in axial section and
  • Fig. 2-5 different embodiments of a projectile according to the invention also in axial section.

Ein Geschoß 1 für eine Handfeuerwaffenpatrone weist einen Geschoßkern 2 und einen Kernmantel 3 auf, wobei der Kern 2 aus einem spezifisch schwereren Material besteht als der Mantel 3. Der Kernmantel 3 ist am Außenumfang im Bodenbereich mit Deformationsfreistichen 4 für den dichten Sitz im Waffenlauf beim Verschießen versehen, wozu auch nicht weiter dargestellte Dichtringe oder Dichtkappen auf den Kernmantel aufgezogen sein können. Geschoßkern 2 und Kernmantel 3 sind miteinander formschlüssig verbunden und die umfangsseitigen Ausformungen 6 des Geschoßkernes 2 für diese Formschlußverbindung liegen innerhalb eines durch den maximalen Kerndurchmesser bestimmten Durchmesserbereiches. Mehrere gleichmäßig aneinandergereihte Rillen oder Gewindegänge bilden diese Ausformungen 6 und gewährleisten den gewünschten Zusammenhalt zwischen Kern und Mantel.A projectile 1 for a handgun cartridge has a projectile core 2 and a core jacket 3, the core 2 being made of a specifically heavier material than the jacket 3. The core jacket 3 is on the outer circumference in the base area with deformation undercuts 4 for the tight fit in the gun barrel when firing provided, for which sealing rings or sealing caps, not shown, can be fitted onto the core jacket. Projectile core 2 and core casing 3 are positively connected to one another and the circumferential shapes 6 of the projectile core 2 for this form-fit connection lie within a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter. These grooves 6 are formed by a plurality of grooves or threads that are evenly lined up and ensure the desired cohesion between the core and the jacket.

Das Geschoß 1 sitzt in einer herkömmlichen Patronenhülse 12, die mit einem Zündhütchen 13 bestückt ist und einen Pulverraum 14 zur Aufnahme der Treibladung aufweist. Ein Zündkanal 15 zwischen Zündhütchen 13 und Pulverraum 14 erlaubt die Zündung der Treibladung.The projectile 1 is seated in a conventional cartridge case 12 which is equipped with a primer 13 and has a powder chamber 14 for receiving the propellant charge. An ignition channel 15 between the primer 13 and the powder chamber 14 allows the propellant to be ignited.

Der Geschoßkern 2 ragt spitzenseitig über den Kernmantel 3 hinaus, wobei, wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1, der Kernmantel 3 axial über den zylindrischen Teil des Geschoßkernes 2 hinausgezogen sein kann, so daß zwischen dem konischen Spitzenteil des Geschoßes 2 und dem Kernmantel 3 ein ringförmiger Freiraum 5 verbleibt.The projectile core 2 protrudes on the tip side beyond the core jacket 3, whereby, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the core jacket 3 can be pulled axially beyond the cylindrical part of the projectile core 2, so that between the conical tip part of the projectile 2 and the core jacket 3, an annular free space 5 remains.

Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 kann der Geschoßkern 2 nicht nur mit seiner Spitze, sondern auch teilweise mit seinem Zylinderteil über den Kernmantel 3 hervorragen und gemäß Fig. 3 kann der Kernmantel 3 mit seiner spitzenseitigen Stirnfläche fluchtend an die Hüllfläche der Kernspitze anschließen. Wie außerdem beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 angedeuteut, kann der Kernmantel 3 bodenseitig geschlossen sein, ohne die Geschoßwirkung zu beeinträchtigen, und aus dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 ist erkennbar, daß der Geschoßkern 2 eine beliebig geformte Kernspitze, etwa eine stumpfe Spitze aufweisen kann.According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the projectile core 2 can protrude not only with its tip, but also partially with its cylinder part over the core jacket 3 and according to FIG. 3 the core jacket 3 can align with its tip-side end face in alignment with the envelope surface of the core tip. As also indicated in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the core casing 3 can be closed on the bottom without impairing the projectile effect, and from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 it can be seen that the projectile core 2 can have an arbitrarily shaped core tip, for example a blunt tip .

Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 sind im Kernmantel 3 axial verlaufende Nuten als Sollbruchstellen 11 vorgesehen, die symmetrisch angeordnet sind und sich vom spitzenseitigen Mantelrand bis in den Bereich der Formschlußverbindung 6 erstrecken.According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, axially extending grooves are provided in the core jacket 3 as predetermined breaking points 11, which are arranged symmetrically and extend from the tip-side jacket edge to the area of the positive connection 6.

Beim Verschießen eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschoßes erfolgt die eigentliche Schußentwicklung bis zum Verlassen des Waffenlaufes wie bei einem herkömmlichen Geschoß und der wesentliche Unterschied zu den herkömmlichen Munitionsarten ergibt sich erst in der Wirkung des Geschoßes beim Auftreffen auf harte oder weiche Zielmedien.When firing a projectile according to the invention, the actual development of the shot until it leaves the gun barrel takes place as in a conventional projectile and the essential difference to the conventional types of ammunition results only in the effect of the projectile when it hits hard or soft target media.

Trifft ein erfindungsgemäßes Geschoß auf ein hartes Zielmedium, z.B. eine Stahlplatte auf, so dringt der Geschoßkern 2 in die Stahlplatte ein, weil er das unmittelbar vor der Kernspitze befindliche Material verdrängt. Gleichzeitig deformiert sich der Kernmantel 3 an der Oberfläche der Stahlplatte und vergrößert dabei zentrisch um den Auftreffpunkt des Geschoßkernes 2 seinen Durchmesser, während der Geschoßkern 2 weiter in die Stahlplatte vordringt. Ab einer definierten Eindringtiefe löst sich die formschlüssige Verbindung 6 zwischen Geschoßkern 2 und Kernmantel 3 und der Geschoßkern 2 setzt, gelöst vom Kernmantel 3, allein seinen Weg durch die Stahlplatte fort. Dabei verdrängt er einerseits Teile des Zielmediums und schiebt anderseits Teile des Zielmediums vor sich her, worauf er kurz vor der endgültigen Penetration das Material, das er vor sich herschiebt, in Form eines zylinderförmigen Näpfchens aus der Stahlplatte herausstanzt. Der Geschoßkern 2 und das herausgestanzte Näpfchen setzen dann mit der verbleibenden Restenergie bzw. Restgeschwindigkeit ihre Flugbahn hinter der Stahlplatte fort, während der Kernmantel 3 an der mündungsseitigen Fläche der Stahlplatte haften bleibt oder zu Boden fällt.If a projectile according to the invention hits a hard target medium, for example a steel plate, the projectile core 2 penetrates into the steel plate because it displaces the material located directly in front of the core tip. At the same time, the core jacket 3 deforms on the surface of the steel plate and increases its diameter centrally around the point of impact of the projectile core 2, while the projectile core 2 continues into the Steel plate penetrates. From a defined penetration depth, the positive connection 6 between the projectile core 2 and core casing 3 is released and the projectile core 2 continues, detached from the core casing 3, to continue its way through the steel plate. On the one hand, he displaces parts of the target medium and on the other hand pushes parts of the target medium in front of him, whereupon shortly before the final penetration, he punches out the material that he pushes in front of him in the form of a cylindrical cup from the steel plate. The projectile core 2 and the punched-out cup then continue their trajectory behind the steel plate with the remaining energy or speed, while the core jacket 3 adheres to the mouth-side surface of the steel plate or falls to the ground.

Vergleichsweise wurde die gleiche Stahlplatte mit einer kalibergleichen handelsüblichen Munition beschossen, wobei das Geschoß ca. 8 Gramm wog. Das erfindungsgemäße Geschoß für diesen Versuch wies ein Gewicht von 2,3 Gramm auf. Das handelsübliche Geschoß zeigte beim Auftreffen auf die Stahlplatte keine oder nur geringe Wirkung, beim erfindungsgemäßen Geschoß hingegen wurde der volle Durchschlag mit Restwirkung hinter der Platte erzielt.In comparison, the same steel plate was bombarded with commercial ammunition of the same caliber, the bullet weighing about 8 grams. The projectile according to the invention for this experiment had a weight of 2.3 grams. The commercially available projectile had little or no effect when it hit the steel plate, but the full penetration with residual effect was achieved behind the plate in the case of the projectile according to the invention.

Trifft ein erfindungsgemäßes Geschoß 1 auf einen plastischen Tonerdeblock oder ein anderes weiches Zielmedium, so dringt das Geschoß in das plastische Zielmedium ein. Mit zunehmender Eindringtiefe verformt sich der Kernmantel 3, indem er sich über den ganzen Umfang zuerst aufweitet und sich vom oberen Teil des Geschoßkernes 2 löst, um sich mit steigender Eindringtiefe Richtung Geschoßheck aufzurollen, wobei ein spitzenseitiger Freiraum 5 das Aufweiten und Aufrollen des Geschoßkernmantels 3 entgegen der Schußrichtung begünstigt. Durch das Aufweiten und Aufrollen des Kernmantels 3 wird der Durchmesser des Geschoßes 1 erheblich vergrößert, was eine erhöhte Energieabgabe des Geschoßes 1 im plastischen Zielmedium mit sich bringt. Die formschlüssige Verbindung 6 zwischen Kernmantel 3 und Geschoßkern 2 löst sich nicht wie beim Auftreffen auf harte Zielmedien, der undeformierte Geschoßkern 2 und der stark deformierte Kernmantel 3 bilden eine Einheit, wobei durch die Verformung des Kernmantels 3 das Geschoß 1 schneller als vergleichbare Geschoße die Energie an das plastische Zielmedium abgibt und nach verhältnismäßig kurzem Penetrationsweg zum Stillstand kommen.If a projectile 1 according to the invention hits a plastic clay block or another soft target medium, the projectile penetrates into the plastic target medium. With increasing depth of penetration, the core jacket 3 deforms by first widening over the entire circumference and detaching from the upper part of the projectile core 2 in order to roll up with increasing depth of penetration in the direction of the rear of the projectile, with a tip-side clearance 5 preventing the projectile core jacket 3 from expanding and rolling up favored the direction of the shot. By expanding and rolling up the core jacket 3, the diameter of the projectile 1 is considerably increased, which entails an increased energy output from the projectile 1 in the plastic target medium. The positive connection 6 between core shell 3 and projectile core 2 does not come loose as when hitting hard target media, the undeformed projectile core 2 and the strongly deformed core shell 3 form a unit, whereby the deformation of the core shell 3 means that the projectile 1 is faster than comparable projectiles releases to the plastic target medium and comes to a standstill after a relatively short penetration path.

Ist der Kernmantel 3 mit drei oder mehreren Sollbruchstellen 11 versehen, so wird der Kernmantel 3 entlang der Sollbruchstellen 11 einreißen und sich mit zunehmender Penetrationstiefe segmentartig entgegen der Schußrichtung aufrollen und dadurch den Durchmesser des Geschoßes 1 weiter vergrößern.If the core jacket 3 is provided with three or more predetermined breaking points 11, the core jacket 3 will tear along the predetermined breaking points 11 and, with increasing penetration depth, roll up in segments like the opposite direction of the shot, thereby further increasing the diameter of the projectile 1.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt und sie umfaßt auch die verschiedensten Materialien für den Geschoßkern, wie Stahl, Hartmetall, Wolfram u.dgl. und für den Kernmantel, wie Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen, Kunststoffe u.dgl., wobei der Kernmantel auch durchaus ganz oder teilweise mit einer Schutzschicht aus Kupfer, Kunststoff od.dgl. zur Schonung des Waffenlaufes usw. versehen sein kann.The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments and it also includes a variety of materials for the projectile core, such as steel, hard metal, tungsten and the like. and for the core jacket, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, plastics and the like., The core jacket also entirely or partially with a protective layer of copper, plastic or the like. can be provided to protect the gun barrel, etc.

Claims (7)

  1. A bullet (1) for a hand firearm cartridge, comprising a core (2) and a jacket (3), the core (2) consisting of a denser material than the jacket (3), and the core (2) and jacket (3) being positively interconnected, characterised in that the core (2) has peripheral projections (6) extending radially outwards to a maximum diameter range as defined by the maximum core diameter, for the positive connection to the jacket (3), and the jacket (3) is open towards the tip of the bullet in manner known per se.
  2. A bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the core projections (6) are in the form of at least three peripheral grooves in the end zone of the core (2) adjacent the base thereof.
  3. A bullet according to claim 2, characterised in that the grooves merge into one another after the style of a screwthread.
  4. A bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the core (2) projects from the jacket (3) at the tip end.
  5. A bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the cylindrical jacket (3) is extended axially towards the tip over the cylindrical part of the core (2) which merges into a conical tip part.
  6. A bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the end face of the jacket (3) adjacent the tip adjoins the envelope surface of the tip so as to be flush therewith.
  7. A bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the jacket (3) has axially extending predetermined breaking points (11).
EP89908671A 1988-08-02 1989-07-26 Bullet Expired - Lifetime EP0428561B1 (en)

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AT1947/88A AT393559B (en) 1988-08-02 1988-08-02 BULLET
AT1947/88 1988-08-02

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EP0428561A1 EP0428561A1 (en) 1991-05-29
EP0428561B1 true EP0428561B1 (en) 1992-11-11

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US (1) US5160805A (en)
EP (1) EP0428561B1 (en)
AT (2) AT393559B (en)
WO (1) WO1990001669A1 (en)
YU (1) YU47330B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA194788A (en) 1991-04-15
WO1990001669A1 (en) 1990-02-22
EP0428561A1 (en) 1991-05-29
ATE82387T1 (en) 1992-11-15
AT393559B (en) 1991-11-11
YU47330B (en) 1995-01-31
US5160805A (en) 1992-11-03
YU152589A (en) 1994-01-20

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