EP0428561B1 - Bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT89/00066 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 22, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 22, 1991 PCT Filed Jul. 26, 1989 PCT Pub. No. WO90/01669 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 22, 1990.A projectile (1) for a cartridge for hand-held firearms comprises a core (2) and a core jacket (3). The core (2) is made of a material which has a higher specific gravity than the material of the jacket (3). The core (2) and the jacket (3) are positively interconnected. In order to achieve a high penetrating power and a man-stopping effect and to ensure that the trajectory will be relatively short in case of a miss, the core (2) of the projectile is integrally formed on its periphery with deformed portions (6), which extend radially outwardly within a diameter range which is determined by the maximum core diameter and serve to establish a positive joint with the core jacket (3), and in a manner known per se the core jacket (3) is open toward the tip of the projectile.

Description

The invention relates to a projectile for a handgun cartridge, with a projectile core and a core casing, the core consisting of a specifically heavier material than the casing and the core and casing are positively connected.

Bullets with a sheathed core are already available in a wide variety of designs, with the sheath completely enveloping the core mostly improving the sliding properties of the projectile in the barrel or reducing signs of wear on the barrel and material deposits in the barrel (US Pat. Nos. 15 02 925 and 29 26 612, FR-PS 24 29 407). The same applies to projectiles with a very hard core, which has a widened tip and is provided with a jacket sleeve which is closed on the bottom and only encases the core up to the tip (FR-PS 24 31 676). Furthermore, it is known in shrapnel bullets to sheath a large number of core parts with a plastic sleeve and thereby hold the core together (US Pat. No. 4,649,829), and there are also bullets with a multi-part screw-on core jacket and a special sleeve that is pulled open Reinforced core, whereby the core sleeve and the clamping of the core that can be achieved by screwing the shell parts are to prevent premature core destruction when hitting a target in order to achieve a corresponding increase in effectiveness of the projectile (CH-PS 305 151). In order to achieve a more even projectile effect at different target distances, there are also two-story storeys Outer jacket inserted cores one behind the other, the rear core being additionally surrounded by a cap-shaped inner jacket, so that due to the compression of the front area when the projectile hits the bullet, a particularly strong radial expansion of the rear core occurs without a disintegration of the projectile parts and this leads to an increased shock effect comes (DD-PS 250 986).

In addition, bullets of the generic type have already been proposed, in which the projectile core and core jacket are matched to one another in order to influence the firing effect (FR-PS 23 21 108 and 24 97 940). So there is in the projectile according to FR-PS 23 21 108 which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1, a strong positive connection between the core and the jacket resulting from a shoulder projecting radially beyond the maximum core diameter, and the projectile appears as one piece when striking, the only a closed cap at the tip breaks in and the entire material of the tip area is thrown off to the side. This leads to a rapid loss of energy and a good shock or man-stopping effect, but the penetration remains unsatisfactory. In the case of the projectile according to FR-OS 24 97 940, in turn, the core and the sheath that completely surrounds it to the bottom are connected to one another only by a slight compression at the bottom end of the sheath, so that when the core hits, the thin layer of the sheath immediately pierces and is alone penetrates into the target, whereby the desired penetration, but only a weak shock and man-stopping effect is achieved.

Since projectiles such as those described in DE-C-197205, from which a high penetration rate is expected, have hitherto been produced from a material of high specific weight and are driven by an explosive propellant charge, these projectiles are in addition to the Breakdown line also connected large shot distances, so that in the event of a missed shot with such a projectile, there is an uncontrolled risk to third parties even at a great distance and these projectiles for police operations or the like. are unsuitable. In a police operation or the like. because it is advantageous if projectiles are characterized by a good man-stopping effect and, if the target is missed, only bring a small danger area with them. In addition, a relatively high penetration rate is desired in order to be able to penetrate the usual armor against small arms. However, the known projectiles only partially meet these requirements and their use, especially in police operations, therefore often remains unsatisfactory.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a projectile of the type described at the outset which satisfies the opposing requirements with regard to a high penetration rate and a man-stopping effect as well as a relatively short trajectory if the target is missed.

The invention solves this problem in that the projectile core forms circumferential, at most up to a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter radially outward formings for form-locking connection with the core jacket and the core jacket is open to the projectile tip in a known manner. Due to this special positive connection between core and jacket, the mutual cohesion of core and jacket is strong enough to avoid separation when striking soft or plastic target media and to ensure a common penetration, the jacket being expanded and rolled up within the target medium, what leads to the desired man-stopping effect. The However, the form-fitting connection is again not so strong that it can also withstand the impact on hard target media, so that only the heavy projectile core penetrates into hard target media and the desired penetration effect occurs. The opening of the core jacket on the front makes it easier to roll it up into soft target media or to strip it off when it hits hard target media.

If at least three circumferential grooves are provided as core formations in the bottom end region of the core, the grooves being able to run into one another in a thread-like manner, a form-fitting connection of desired strength is obtained in a rational manner, which strength is determined by the number of grooves, the groove depth, the groove profile and the like. can be influenced.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the projectile core protrudes from the core jacket on the tip side, the cylindrical core jacket towards the tip being pulled axially beyond the cylinder part of the projectile core which changes into a conical tip part, or the tip-side end face of the core jacket is aligned with the envelope surface of the core tip can. This loads the projectile effect by more or less protruding from the core, by the size of a free space between the core and jacket, the formation of the projectile tip and the like. adapt to special circumstances and optimize for certain target media.

If, according to the invention, the core jacket has axially running predetermined breaking points, the roll-up process of the jacket in a soft target medium can be facilitated and the man-stopping effect can be increased.

• Fig. 1 eine Handfeuerwaffenpatrone mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Geschoß im Axialschnitt und die
• Fig. 2 - 5 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschoßes ebenfalls im Axialschnitt.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated in more detail, namely show

• Fig. 1 is a handgun cartridge with a projectile according to the invention in axial section and
• Fig. 2-5 different embodiments of a projectile according to the invention also in axial section.

A projectile 1 for a handgun cartridge has a projectile core 2 and a core jacket 3, the core 2 being made of a specifically heavier material than the jacket 3. The core jacket 3 is on the outer circumference in the base area with deformation undercuts 4 for the tight fit in the gun barrel when firing provided, for which sealing rings or sealing caps, not shown, can be fitted onto the core jacket. Projectile core 2 and core casing 3 are positively connected to one another and the circumferential shapes 6 of the projectile core 2 for this form-fit connection lie within a diameter range determined by the maximum core diameter. These grooves 6 are formed by a plurality of grooves or threads that are evenly lined up and ensure the desired cohesion between the core and the jacket.

The projectile 1 is seated in a conventional cartridge case 12 which is equipped with a primer 13 and has a powder chamber 14 for receiving the propellant charge. An ignition channel 15 between the primer 13 and the powder chamber 14 allows the propellant to be ignited.

The projectile core 2 protrudes on the tip side beyond the core jacket 3, whereby, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the core jacket 3 can be pulled axially beyond the cylindrical part of the projectile core 2, so that between the conical tip part of the projectile 2 and the core jacket 3, an annular free space 5 remains.

According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the projectile core 2 can protrude not only with its tip, but also partially with its cylinder part over the core jacket 3 and according to FIG. 3 the core jacket 3 can align with its tip-side end face in alignment with the envelope surface of the core tip. As also indicated in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the core casing 3 can be closed on the bottom without impairing the projectile effect, and from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 it can be seen that the projectile core 2 can have an arbitrarily shaped core tip, for example a blunt tip .

According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, axially extending grooves are provided in the core jacket 3 as predetermined breaking points 11, which are arranged symmetrically and extend from the tip-side jacket edge to the area of the positive connection 6.

When firing a projectile according to the invention, the actual development of the shot until it leaves the gun barrel takes place as in a conventional projectile and the essential difference to the conventional types of ammunition results only in the effect of the projectile when it hits hard or soft target media.

If a projectile according to the invention hits a hard target medium, for example a steel plate, the projectile core 2 penetrates into the steel plate because it displaces the material located directly in front of the core tip. At the same time, the core jacket 3 deforms on the surface of the steel plate and increases its diameter centrally around the point of impact of the projectile core 2, while the projectile core 2 continues into the Steel plate penetrates. From a defined penetration depth, the positive connection 6 between the projectile core 2 and core casing 3 is released and the projectile core 2 continues, detached from the core casing 3, to continue its way through the steel plate. On the one hand, he displaces parts of the target medium and on the other hand pushes parts of the target medium in front of him, whereupon shortly before the final penetration, he punches out the material that he pushes in front of him in the form of a cylindrical cup from the steel plate. The projectile core 2 and the punched-out cup then continue their trajectory behind the steel plate with the remaining energy or speed, while the core jacket 3 adheres to the mouth-side surface of the steel plate or falls to the ground.

In comparison, the same steel plate was bombarded with commercial ammunition of the same caliber, the bullet weighing about 8 grams. The projectile according to the invention for this experiment had a weight of 2.3 grams. The commercially available projectile had little or no effect when it hit the steel plate, but the full penetration with residual effect was achieved behind the plate in the case of the projectile according to the invention.

If a projectile 1 according to the invention hits a plastic clay block or another soft target medium, the projectile penetrates into the plastic target medium. With increasing depth of penetration, the core jacket 3 deforms by first widening over the entire circumference and detaching from the upper part of the projectile core 2 in order to roll up with increasing depth of penetration in the direction of the rear of the projectile, with a tip-side clearance 5 preventing the projectile core jacket 3 from expanding and rolling up favored the direction of the shot. By expanding and rolling up the core jacket 3, the diameter of the projectile 1 is considerably increased, which entails an increased energy output from the projectile 1 in the plastic target medium. The positive connection 6 between core shell 3 and projectile core 2 does not come loose as when hitting hard target media, the undeformed projectile core 2 and the strongly deformed core shell 3 form a unit, whereby the deformation of the core shell 3 means that the projectile 1 is faster than comparable projectiles releases to the plastic target medium and comes to a standstill after a relatively short penetration path.

If the core jacket 3 is provided with three or more predetermined breaking points 11, the core jacket 3 will tear along the predetermined breaking points 11 and, with increasing penetration depth, roll up in segments like the opposite direction of the shot, thereby further increasing the diameter of the projectile 1.

The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments and it also includes a variety of materials for the projectile core, such as steel, hard metal, tungsten and the like. and for the core jacket, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, plastics and the like., The core jacket also entirely or partially with a protective layer of copper, plastic or the like. can be provided to protect the gun barrel, etc.

Claims (7)

1. A bullet (1) for a hand firearm cartridge, comprising a core (2) and a jacket (3), the core (2) consisting of a denser material than the jacket (3), and the core (2) and jacket (3) being positively interconnected, characterised in that the core (2) has peripheral projections (6) extending radially outwards to a maximum diameter range as defined by the maximum core diameter, for the positive connection to the jacket (3), and the jacket (3) is open towards the tip of the bullet in manner known per se.
2. A bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the core projections (6) are in the form of at least three peripheral grooves in the end zone of the core (2) adjacent the base thereof.
3. A bullet according to claim 2, characterised in that the grooves merge into one another after the style of a screwthread.
4. A bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the core (2) projects from the jacket (3) at the tip end.
5. A bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the cylindrical jacket (3) is extended axially towards the tip over the cylindrical part of the core (2) which merges into a conical tip part.
6. A bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the end face of the jacket (3) adjacent the tip adjoins the envelope surface of the tip so as to be flush therewith.
7. A bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the jacket (3) has axially extending predetermined breaking points (11).

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