EP0428464B1 - Cylindre pour un dispositif de coulée continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres - Google Patents

Cylindre pour un dispositif de coulée continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0428464B1
EP0428464B1 EP90470059A EP90470059A EP0428464B1 EP 0428464 B1 EP0428464 B1 EP 0428464B1 EP 90470059 A EP90470059 A EP 90470059A EP 90470059 A EP90470059 A EP 90470059A EP 0428464 B1 EP0428464 B1 EP 0428464B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
core
edges
groove
roll according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90470059A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0428464A1 (fr
Inventor
Jacques Barbé
Alain Challaye
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thyssen Stahl AG
USINOR SA
Original Assignee
Thyssen Stahl AG
USINOR Sacilor SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssen Stahl AG, USINOR Sacilor SA filed Critical Thyssen Stahl AG
Publication of EP0428464A1 publication Critical patent/EP0428464A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0428464B1 publication Critical patent/EP0428464B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
    • B22D11/0651—Casting wheels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the continuous casting of thin metallic products such as sheets or strips, in particular steel, on one or between two cylinders, and more particularly the constitution of these cylinders.
  • cylinders For casting installations of this type, it is known to use cylinders whose external peripheral surface, on which the cast metal is caused to solidify, is cooled by the circulation of a cooling fluid inside the cylinder.
  • these cylinders have a central part or "core" surrounded by a ferrule made of thermally conductive material, such as copper.
  • the circulation of the cooling fluid takes place in channels made either at the interface between the core and the shell, or in the shell itself.
  • a known problem in the use of these cylinders results from the deformation of the shell due to its heating by contact with the molten metal. As the metal constituting the shell heats up, it tends to expand radially and axially. Radial expansion tends to increase the diameter of the cylinder, which, in the case of casting between cylinders, leads to a reduction in the spacing between the cylinders and therefore to a reduction in the thickness of the cast product. In addition, this radial expansion is not necessarily uniform over the entire width of the cylinder, it can result in variations in thickness depending on the width of the product.
  • the axial expansion tends to increase the width of the shell, in the axial direction of the cylinder.
  • this axial expansion occurs essentially at the level of the external surface of the shell, whereas, due to the internal cooling, there is practically no expansion at the level of the cooling channels.
  • It follows a differential expansion which leads to a bulging of the external surface of the shell, the diameter of the latter being greater in its axially middle part at the diameter towards the ends, that is to say at the edges of the shell.
  • This convexity of the cylinders is prohibitive because it leads to the production of a cast product of smaller thickness in its middle zone than on its edges, which is inadmissible for the subsequent rolling of this product.
  • This arrangement therefore makes it possible to limit the increase in the diameter of the shell in its axially median zone by blocking its radial expansion. However, it does not eliminate the possibility of bulging deformation due to differential axial expansion between the external surface of the shell and the area of the cooling ducts, since the edges of the shell can, following this differential expansion, approach the core. .
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a cylinder for the casting of thin metallic products making it possible to obtain a cast product of satisfactory dimensional characteristics for a subsequent rolling of this product. More specifically, it aims to solve the various problems mentioned above.
  • the invention relates to a cylinder for a device for continuously casting thin products on one or between two cylinders, comprising a core and a ferrule in which are made conduits for the circulation of a fluid. cooling.
  • this cylinder is characterized in that the ferrule is rigidly linked to the core in its axially median part and over substantially its entire circumference, by an assembly preventing any radial and axial displacement, in this median part, of the ferrule by in relation to the core, and in that the ferrule is in contact with the core over its entire width, and it is held thereon by its edges by radial holding means allowing axial displacement but preventing radial displacement of said edges of the shell relative to the heart.
  • the assembly linking the shell to the core in its axially middle part is an assembly in dovetail or in the form of a "T" slide.
  • the ferrule is also maintained in axially intermediate zones between its axially middle part and its edges by holding means allowing axial movement but preventing radial movement of said intermediate zones of the shell relative to the heart.
  • the ferrule is thus held firmly on the heart, at least in its axially middle part and on its edges; any radial displacement of the latter following expansion is therefore prevented, but displacements in the axial direction of the lateral zones of the shell are authorized, which avoids the bulging of the wall which would be due to a buckling caused by a clamping of the edges of the ferrule preventing its axial expansion.
  • said edge holding means consist of flanges comprising a circular groove of rectangular section into which penetrates in the axial direction, a corresponding rib of the edges of the shell, with axial play and without radial play.
  • the core comprises a circumferential groove of dovetail section, in which is clamped a rib, of corresponding dovetail section, of the internal wall of the ferrule, the heart being for this purpose composed of a central part or hub whose periphery forms one side of said dovetail groove, and an annular flange fitted to the hub and whose periphery forms the other side of said groove, the hub and the annular flange being assembled by clamping means acting axially to ensure the clamping of the rib of the ferrule in the groove of the core.
  • said annular flange also carries a circular groove of rectangular section into which the corresponding rib of one of the edges of the shell penetrates to ensure its maintenance, a flange likewise ensuring the maintenance of the other edge of the ferrule.
  • This arrangement has the particular advantage, as will be understood more easily below, of allowing the use of ferrules of different width, keeping the same hub, and only changing the ferrule, the flange and the annular flange mentioned. above.
  • the cylinder shown in section in FIG. 1 comprises a hub 1 rigidly connected, for example by shrinking, on a shaft 2 for driving in rotation.
  • the ends of the shaft 2 are provided for journalling in bearings of the casting installation, and one of these ends is connected to rotation drive means, not shown.
  • the hub 1 carries on one side an annular flange 3 and on the other a flange 4, these three coaxial parts and assembled by tie rods 5, represented in the figures only by their axis, form the heart 6 of the cylinder.
  • the shell Inside and in its axially median zone, the shell has a circumferential rib 9 of dovetail section.
  • This rib 9 is engaged in a groove 10 of corresponding section, one side 10 ′ (the right side in the drawing of Figure 1) is machined in the hub 1, and whose other side 10 '' is formed by a projection 3 ′ of the annular flange 3.
  • it is the assembly formed after assembly of the hub 1 and the annular flange 3, and forming the core 6 of the cylinder, which determines the groove 10.
  • this arrangement consisting in forming the groove 10 by the assembly of the two parts forming the core, is necessary to allow the fitting of the ferrule.
  • the fact that the section of the rib 9 of the ferrule and of the corresponding groove is in dovetail has the advantage of pressing the ferrule very effectively on the heart by simply clamping the different parts of the heart together.
  • the conical bearing surfaces formed by the oblique surfaces of the circular groove at the dovetail ensure an energetic tightening of the ferrule on the core, which allows the transmission of a high torque without risk of slipping between ferrule and hub. This clamping effect is further accentuated during the heating of the shell because of the camber of the shell which tends to occur and which further increases the contact pressure on the conical surfaces of the assembly.
  • the ferrule is also held by its edges by means of circular grooves 13,14 of rectangular section produced respectively in the annular flange 3 and the flange 4, and in which engage without radial clearance of the ribs 11, 12 extending the ferrule in the axial direction.
  • An axial clearance "j" when cold is provided respectively between said grooves 13, 14 and the ribs 11, 12 so as to allow the axial displacement of the ribs in the ribs, which can occur by axial expansion of the ferrule during its heating .
  • the retention of the edges of the shell by this system of grooves and ribs avoids possible detachment of the edges of the shell of the core of the cylinder, detachment which could be caused by the radial expansion of said edges.
  • the cooling water is made to circulate according to the arrows in FIG. 1, in the opposite direction in adjacent conduits 8.
  • the cylinder has water inlet pipes 20, connected to a rotary joint not shown. These pipes 20 open into a circular distribution channel 21. The water arriving in this channel is directed on the one hand towards an end 7 ′ of the shell by holes 22 made in the flange 4, and holes 23 made in the ferrule and opening into half of the total number of cooling conduits 8, supplying alternately one in two of these conduits.
  • the water from the distribution channel 21 is directed towards the other end 7 '' of the shell by axial conduits 24 drilled in the hub and holes 25 and 26 produced respectively in the annular flange 3 and the ferrule, similarly to the holes 22 and 23, the holes 26 in the shell supplying the other half of the cooling conduits.
  • Evacuation of the cooling water is ensured in an equivalent manner by holes 23 ′, 22 ′ and 26 ′, 25 ′, conduits 24 ′, a collecting channel 21 ′, and outlet conduits 20 ′.
  • the various pipes and bores are regularly distributed radially and circular grooves such as 27, 28 into which the various bores open, such as 25, can be produced at the level of the different contact surfaces. of the various constituent parts of the core.
  • this circuit is shorter than the circuit leading the water to circulate in the cooling conduits in the opposite direction (from left to right) and therefore the pressure drops are less significant there. Said means therefore make it possible to equalize the pressure drop in the two said circuits.
  • They may consist, for example, of reducing the minimum passage section in the shortest circuit, either by making the holes 22,22 ′ to a smaller diameter than the holes 25, 25 ′, or by interposing in said circuit parts provided calibrated orifices or any other equivalent means.
  • annular flange 3 is in this case replaced by two parts including a flange identical to that (4) located on the other side of the shell, the assembly of the various constituent parts of the heart being carried out as indicated previously by tie rods 5.
  • flanges such as the flange 3 in other words the ferrule is then in direct contact with the hub 1, only in its middle part, by the surface constituting the bottom of the groove 10 , and in contact with the flanges 3 on each side.
  • the width of the dovetail groove is at least about half the width of the ferrule. It has in fact been observed that the width of the groove conditions the deformation of the external surface of the shell during casting. For example, for a ferrule 865 mm wide, the external surface of which is, cold, cylindrical with a straight generator, the maximum variation, when hot, of the external diameter of the ferrule over its width, is 0.12 to 0 , 25 mm if the width of the groove is approximately 300 mm, 0.11 to 0.17 mm, if this width is approximately 350 mm, and 0.05 to 0.14 mm if this width is about 430 mm, half the width of the shell.
  • the generator of the ferrule has a slight bulge in the middle and in the axially intermediate zones between the sides of the dovetail rib and the edges of the ferrule, that is to say at the places where it is not kept on the heart.
  • These hot deformations can of course be compensated by additional machining carried out cold so as to obtain a rectilinear generator, or a very slightly concave one, in the regime established during casting.
  • These deformations are clearly less than that of the order of a millimeter which can be observed in the ferrule-heart connection systems according to the prior art.
  • the assembly can be carried out in accordance with the simplified representation of FIG. 3.
  • the ferrule 7 is held on the core 6 in its axially middle part and on its edges, as in the previous example .
  • it is also held in axially intermediate zones between the middle part and the edges by grooves 30.
  • grooves 30 and corresponding ribs 31 similar to the grooves and ribs for holding the edges, preventing the radial displacement, and therefore the camber, of the shell in line with these grooves and ribs, but allowing relative axial displacement, an axial clearance, when cold, being provided for this purpose between grooves and ribs.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cylinder having a ferrule of greater width.
  • This cylinder is constituted in a similar manner to that previously described and in particular the hub 1 is identical, as is the dovetail assembly.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents another variant of the invention.
  • the dovetail assembly is reversed, that is to say that it is the core which comprises in its axially median part a rib 39 which is clamped in a corresponding groove 40 of the ferrule.
  • the retention of the ferrule on its edges, and possibly in intermediate zones, is ensured by groove-rib systems 41, preventing the radial deformation of the ferrule 7 ′ while allowing its axial displacement, relative to the core 6 ′ of the cylinder.
  • it can be made up of two parts which are symmetrical with respect to the axially median plane and assembled by tie rods 42.
  • the core itself can be made up of two separate parts at said median plane, means being provided to separate these two parts from one another and thus ensure the blocking of the dovetail assembly.
  • the outer surface of the ferrule can be cold machined according to a profile taking into account the hot deformations which may remain, so as to form, in the established casting regime, a perfectly cylindrical or slightly concave surface in order to obtain a cast product whose surfaces are flat or have the slight curvature desirable for subsequent rolling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
EP90470059A 1989-11-16 1990-11-06 Cylindre pour un dispositif de coulée continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres Expired - Lifetime EP0428464B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8915285A FR2654372B1 (fr) 1989-11-16 1989-11-16 Cylindre pour un dispositif de coulee continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres.
FR8915285 1989-11-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0428464A1 EP0428464A1 (fr) 1991-05-22
EP0428464B1 true EP0428464B1 (fr) 1996-01-03

Family

ID=9387621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90470059A Expired - Lifetime EP0428464B1 (fr) 1989-11-16 1990-11-06 Cylindre pour un dispositif de coulée continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres

Country Status (29)

Country Link
US (1) US5152333A (ko)
EP (1) EP0428464B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP3081879B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100194168B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN1022740C (ko)
AR (1) AR244583A1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE132408T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU639502B2 (ko)
BR (1) BR9005805A (ko)
CA (1) CA2030071C (ko)
CS (1) CS9005556A3 (ko)
DE (1) DE69024616T2 (ko)
DK (1) DK0428464T3 (ko)
ES (1) ES2081959T3 (ko)
FI (1) FI90835C (ko)
FR (1) FR2654372B1 (ko)
GR (1) GR3019530T3 (ko)
HU (1) HU208269B (ko)
IE (1) IE904130A1 (ko)
IL (1) IL96197A0 (ko)
MA (1) MA21999A1 (ko)
NO (1) NO904945L (ko)
PL (1) PL163799B1 (ko)
PT (1) PT95906A (ko)
RU (1) RU1819187C (ko)
TN (1) TNSN90134A1 (ko)
TR (1) TR25113A (ko)
YU (1) YU216490A (ko)
ZA (1) ZA909160B (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992011959A1 (en) * 1991-01-04 1992-07-23 Davy Mckee (Sheffield) Limited A cooling roll
AU659364B1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-05-11 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same
US5469909A (en) * 1992-12-22 1995-11-28 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same
US5839501A (en) * 1996-02-29 1998-11-24 Unicor-Sacilor Casting roll for a plant for continuous casting onto one or between two rolls
EP1078703A1 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 Heinrich Marti Main Management Inspiration Bandgiessmaschine mit zwei Giessrollen

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5651410A (en) * 1991-01-04 1997-07-29 Davy Mckee (Sheffield) Limited Cooling roll
DE4223359A1 (de) * 1992-07-16 1994-01-20 Escher Wyss Gmbh Heiz- oder Kühlwalze
DE4300541A1 (de) * 1993-01-12 1994-08-11 Walzen Irle Gmbh Temperierbare Walze
FR2711561B1 (fr) * 1993-10-27 1996-03-29 Usinor Sacilor Cylindre de coulée d'une installation de coulée continue sur un ou entre deux cylindres.
DE4407239A1 (de) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-07 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Dampfbeheizte Walze
EP0680795A1 (de) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft In Walzenzapfen gelagerte Walze für eine Einrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Giessen von metallischen Bändern
DE69425960T2 (de) * 1994-06-13 2001-03-22 Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Kühlwalze zum kontinuierlichen Giessen und deren Herstellung
AUPN053695A0 (en) * 1995-01-13 1995-02-09 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited Casting roll
DE19513500C2 (de) * 1995-04-10 1998-05-14 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Walze mit einstellbarer Form
IT1290603B1 (it) * 1997-05-02 1998-12-10 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Cilindro di colata
JPH1116511A (ja) * 1997-06-23 1999-01-22 Nec Kansai Ltd カラー陰極線管用シャドウマスクとその製造方法
DE10059304A1 (de) * 2000-11-29 2002-06-06 Sms Demag Ag Gießrolle zum Gießen und/oder Stützen eines Gießstranges, insbesondere für eine Zwei-Rollen-Gießmaschine
DE10316673A1 (de) * 2003-04-10 2004-11-18 Georg Springmann Industrie- Und Bergbautechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Ankuppeln einer Kühlmittelzuführung an eine Walze
ITVA20040052A1 (it) * 2004-11-19 2005-02-19 Comerio Ercole Spa Cilindro per calandra con circolazione di fluido di termoregolazione
WO2007084480A2 (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-07-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Dead-shaft roller with aerostatic rotary union
JP5103939B2 (ja) * 2007-02-26 2012-12-19 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 鋳造用ロール
CN102728796B (zh) * 2011-04-15 2014-01-15 青岛云路新能源科技有限公司 非晶结晶器
DE102012106527B4 (de) * 2012-07-18 2016-01-21 Maschinenfabrik Köppern GmbH & Co KG Presswalze für eine Walzenpresse
CN111852368A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2020-10-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种坐封装置和包含其的管串

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR693973A (fr) * 1929-04-09 1930-11-27 Mij Exploitatie Octrooien Nv Rouleau destiné notamment au laminage du verre
BE827880A (fr) * 1975-04-11 1975-10-13 Cylindre de laminoir
US4565237A (en) * 1979-08-17 1986-01-21 Allied Corporation Expandable quench surface
JPS57165355U (ko) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-18
AU560682B2 (en) * 1982-07-13 1987-04-16 Allied Corporation Two piece chilled casting wheel
JPS6056458A (ja) * 1983-09-08 1985-04-02 Kawasaki Steel Corp 連続鋳造用スリ−ブロ−ル
FR2568035B1 (fr) * 1984-07-17 1989-06-02 Sagem Procede d'interconnexion de microprocesseurs
JPH0620614B2 (ja) * 1986-09-06 1994-03-23 川崎製鉄株式会社 急冷金属薄帯製造用の冷却ロ−ル
CH674166A5 (ko) * 1986-12-22 1990-05-15 Lauener Eng Ag

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992011959A1 (en) * 1991-01-04 1992-07-23 Davy Mckee (Sheffield) Limited A cooling roll
US5469909A (en) * 1992-12-22 1995-11-28 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same
US5588582A (en) * 1992-12-22 1996-12-31 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing a cooling drum for a continuous casting system
AU659364B1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-05-11 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same
US5839501A (en) * 1996-02-29 1998-11-24 Unicor-Sacilor Casting roll for a plant for continuous casting onto one or between two rolls
EP1078703A1 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 Heinrich Marti Main Management Inspiration Bandgiessmaschine mit zwei Giessrollen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TNSN90134A1 (fr) 1991-03-05
FR2654372A1 (fr) 1991-05-17
JP3081879B2 (ja) 2000-08-28
CS275364B2 (en) 1992-02-19
JPH03169461A (ja) 1991-07-23
GR3019530T3 (en) 1996-07-31
TR25113A (tr) 1992-11-01
BR9005805A (pt) 1991-09-24
ATE132408T1 (de) 1996-01-15
RU1819187C (ru) 1993-05-30
FR2654372B1 (fr) 1992-01-17
NO904945L (no) 1991-05-21
CN1022740C (zh) 1993-11-17
KR910009364A (ko) 1991-06-28
FI905665A (fi) 1991-05-17
YU216490A (sh) 1993-11-16
AU639502B2 (en) 1993-07-29
ZA909160B (en) 1992-06-24
NO904945D0 (no) 1990-11-14
HUT59334A (en) 1992-05-28
DK0428464T3 (da) 1996-04-29
CN1051690A (zh) 1991-05-29
AU6598390A (en) 1991-05-23
FI90835B (fi) 1993-12-31
IE904130A1 (en) 1991-05-22
MA21999A1 (fr) 1991-07-01
FI90835C (fi) 1994-04-11
FI905665A0 (fi) 1990-11-15
CA2030071A1 (fr) 1991-05-17
IL96197A0 (en) 1991-07-18
CA2030071C (fr) 2000-10-03
DE69024616D1 (de) 1996-02-15
HU208269B (en) 1993-09-28
PL163799B1 (pl) 1994-05-31
KR100194168B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
PT95906A (pt) 1991-09-13
CS9005556A3 (en) 1992-02-19
DE69024616T2 (de) 1996-08-22
EP0428464A1 (fr) 1991-05-22
HU907183D0 (en) 1991-05-28
AR244583A1 (es) 1993-11-30
ES2081959T3 (es) 1996-03-16
US5152333A (en) 1992-10-06

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