EP0418566B1 - Detection device for the typical signals of a helicopter and for firing ground-air mines - Google Patents
Detection device for the typical signals of a helicopter and for firing ground-air mines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0418566B1 EP0418566B1 EP90115901A EP90115901A EP0418566B1 EP 0418566 B1 EP0418566 B1 EP 0418566B1 EP 90115901 A EP90115901 A EP 90115901A EP 90115901 A EP90115901 A EP 90115901A EP 0418566 B1 EP0418566 B1 EP 0418566B1
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- Prior art keywords
- infrared sensor
- microphone
- helicopter
- directional
- mine
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
- F42C13/06—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by sound waves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/001—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
- F42C11/007—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
- F42C13/02—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for target detection and firing for surface-to-fire mines to be fired in helicopter combat with a microphone sensitive to helicopter noise.
- a surface mine is a defense mine that is fired from the ground, but fights a flying object, such as a helicopter.
- a device of this type is known from EP-A-0 152 516.
- a surface-to-air mine is described which has a purely acoustic location device.
- This locating device has four electroacoustic transducers which are designed as microphones with all-round characteristics.
- Acoustic devices for triggering weapons are also described in DE-A-31 01 722 and FR-A-2 495 762.
- the device described in the first-mentioned publication has a sound pickup, for example a microphone or a piezo element.
- the last-mentioned publication relates to an ignition circuit, in particular for a mine, which has an acoustic detector and a further detector.
- the further detector can be a proximity detector.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device for target detection and launch of such a surface-air mine, which is characterized by a particularly great simplicity and reliability and low energy consumption.
- the device according to the invention combines the advantages of a mine that is autonomous and can be placed inconspicuously with modern electronics and sensors and consequently makes this mine usable in the third dimension.
- the surface-air mine equipped with a device according to the invention is set up rigidly. There is no tracking. It is therefore necessary to set up a few mines next to one another with different firing directions in order to cover an air space to a predetermined extent. The density of the lineups and the spreading effect of the floor determine the effectiveness of the mine belt, which functions in the third dimension.
- the electronic evaluation device splits the signals generated by the microphone and / or infrared sensor into different branches, evaluates them separately, feeds them to a comparator and then to a logical link.
- the electronic evaluation device splits the signals generated by the microphone into a branch of 5-40 Hz and a branch of 200-1000 Hz.
- the first range corresponds to a sound frequency range (infrasound), which is caused by the rotating rotor of a helicopter, while the machine noise of the helicopter is in the second range. Only if there are signals from both frequency ranges and the infrared sensor responds, a launch is effected.
- the evaluation electronics split into several areas, and the mine is only ignited if signals are generated which fall within these frequency ranges characteristic of helicopters.
- the latter has a radial directional lobe, in the direction of which the surface-air mine can be fired.
- the term "directional lobe" denotes the reception characteristic of an infrared sensor or an aggregate of infrared sensors. It is more or less club-shaped in the functional area of the device according to the invention. The sensitivity increases towards the axis.
- the infrared sensor must ensure a suitable tripping behavior with a directional characteristic.
- the helicopter or its infrared source (turbine) appears quite small compared to the mine cone.
- An infrared detector the sensitivity of which is directly matched to the scattering cone, therefore only gives a relatively weak infrared signal.
- a certain susceptibility to faults e.g. moving clouds
- the microphone used in accordance with the invention there is the condition that it is sensitive to helicopter noises, especially those in the infrasound range (caused by rotor rotation). Such a microphone does not need to have a special directional characteristic.
- a directional microphone with a conical acoustic directional characteristic directed at the target area for the solution according to the invention, which microphone defines a target field with its acoustic directional characteristic.
- the directional lobe of the infrared sensor which is narrow compared to the acoustic directional characteristic, then preferably runs in the center of the target field of the acoustic directional characteristic.
- the term “acoustic directional characteristic” denotes the reception characteristic of a directional microphone. In the functional area in this embodiment of the invention, it is connected more or less conically, the sensitivity increasing towards the center of the cone.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a ground-air mine 10 similar to FIG. 1, a particularly preferred embodiment of an infrared sensor (not shown) being used in this exemplary embodiment.
- This infrared sensor has a plurality of active cones 3, which form segments of maximum sensitivity, which are arranged in an overall active cone 20.
- Such a sensitivity distribution can be achieved by segmented infrared lenses or mirrors.
- the gaps between the segments 30 lead to the probability that the helicopter will not be detected when passing through the cone. This probability increases with increasing distance from the mine.
- Such behavior is very desirable because the effectiveness of the mine is limited to a certain distance (for example 100 m). This provides a certain level of protection against false triggering caused by helicopters flying at great heights.
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the evaluation electronics which are used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the device comprises a microphone 40, the electrical signals generated as a function of the helicopter noise are split up into different branches by filters 41, 41. In this embodiment, two filters are shown; however, further subdivisions can also be made.
- the split signals are then evaluated separately and fed to a logic element 43 via respective comparators 42.
- FIG. 4 also shows an infrared sensor 44. Its signals are also fed to the link 43 via a filter 45 and a comparator 46. Here, too, a split into several branches can take place, as is indicated in dashed lines.
- the link 43 triggers the ignition device of the mine when there are signals from the two branches of the microphone when a signal from the infrared sensor is present.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung für die Zielerkennung und Abschußauslösung für abzufeuernde Boden-Luft-Minen bei der Hubschrauberbekämpfung mit einem für Hubschraubergeräusche empfindlichen Mikrofon. Mit Boden-Luft-Mine wird eine Abwehrmine bezeichnet, die vom Boden abgefeuert wird, jedoch ein fliegendes Objekt, beispielsweise einen Hubschrauber, bekämpft.The present invention relates to a device for target detection and firing for surface-to-fire mines to be fired in helicopter combat with a microphone sensitive to helicopter noise. A surface mine is a defense mine that is fired from the ground, but fights a flying object, such as a helicopter.
Eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist aus der EP-A-0 152 516 bekannt. In dieser Veröffentlichung ist eine Boden-Luft-Mine beschrieben, die eine rein akustische Ortungsvorrichtung besitzt. Diese Ortungsvorrichtung weist vier elektroakustische Wandler auf, die als Mikrofone mit Rundumcharakteristik ausgebildet sind.A device of this type is known from EP-A-0 152 516. In this publication, a surface-to-air mine is described which has a purely acoustic location device. This locating device has four electroacoustic transducers which are designed as microphones with all-round characteristics.
Akustische Vorrichtungen zur Waffenauslösung sind ferner in der DE-A-31 01 722 und FR-A-2 495 762 beschrieben. Die in der erstgenannten Veröffentlichung beschriebene Vorrichtung weist einen Schallaufnehmer auf, beispielsweise ein Mikrofon oder ein Piezoelement. Die zuletzt genannte Veröffentlichung betrifft eine Zündschaltung, insbesondere für eine Mine, welche einen akustischen Detektor sowie einen weiteren Detektor aufweist. Bei dem weiteren Detektor kann es sich um einen Näherungsdetektor handeln.Acoustic devices for triggering weapons are also described in DE-A-31 01 722 and FR-A-2 495 762. The device described in the first-mentioned publication has a sound pickup, for example a microphone or a piezo element. The last-mentioned publication relates to an ignition circuit, in particular for a mine, which has an acoustic detector and a further detector. The further detector can be a proximity detector.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung für die Zielerkennung und den Abschuß einer solchen Boden-Luft-Mine zu schaffen, die sich durch eine besonders große Einfachheit und Funktionssicherheit sowie einen geringen Energieverbrauch auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a device for target detection and launch of such a surface-air mine, which is characterized by a particularly great simplicity and reliability and low energy consumption.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a device having the characterizing features of
Weitere Merkmale gemäß der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2-7 dargelegt.Further features according to the invention are set out in claims 2-7.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verknüpft die Vorteile einer Mine, die autonom ist und unauffällig plaziert werden kann, mit moderner Elektronik und Sensorik und macht folglich diese Mine in der dritten Dimension nutzbar. Die mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ausgerüstete Boden-Luft-Mine wird starr aufgestellt. Eine Nachführung findet nicht statt. Es müssen folglich einige Minen nebeneinander mit verschiedenen Schußrichtungen aufgestellt werden, um einen Luftraum zu einem vorgegebenen Teil abzudecken. Die Dichte der Aufstellungen und die Streuwirkung des Geschosses entscheiden über die Wirksamkeit des in der dritten Dimension funktionierenden Minengürtels.The device according to the invention combines the advantages of a mine that is autonomous and can be placed inconspicuously with modern electronics and sensors and consequently makes this mine usable in the third dimension. The surface-air mine equipped with a device according to the invention is set up rigidly. There is no tracking. It is therefore necessary to set up a few mines next to one another with different firing directions in order to cover an air space to a predetermined extent. The density of the lineups and the spreading effect of the floor determine the effectiveness of the mine belt, which functions in the third dimension.
Erfindungsgemäß kann mit einem einzigen Mikrofon gearbeitet werden. Die aufgenommenen Geräusche werden auf die für Hubschrauber typische Struktur analysiert. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erfolgt nicht eine akustische Ortung, sondern vielmehr eine akustische Erkennung. Diese akustische Erkennung definiert gleichsam eine zweite Phase, in der der Infrarotsensor und die entsprechende Elektronik beigeschaltet werden und in der auch die dritte Phase, nämlich der Abschuß, erfolgt.According to the invention, a single microphone can be used. The recorded noises are analyzed for the structure typical for helicopters. In the device according to the invention, acoustic detection is not carried out, but rather acoustic detection. This acoustic detection defines, as it were, a second phase in which the infrared sensor and the corresponding electronics are switched on and in which the third phase, namely the launch, also takes place.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung spaltet die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung die vom Mikrofon und/oder Infrarotsensor erzeugten Signale in verschiedene Zweige auf, bewertet diese getrennt, führt sie einem Komparator und dann einer logischen Verknüpfung zu. Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform spaltet die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung die vom Mikrofon erzeugten Signale in einen Zweig von 5 - 40 Hz und einen Zweig von 200 - 1000 Hz auf. Der zuerst genannte Bereich entspricht einem Schallfrequenzbereich (Infraschall), der durch den drehenden Rotor eines Hubschraubers verursacht wird, während in dem an zweiter Stelle genannten Bereich die Maschinengeräusche des Hubschraubers liegen. Nur wenn Signale beider Frequenzbereiche vorhanden sind sowie der Infrarotsensor anspricht, wird ein Abschuß bewirkt. Mit anderen Worten, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung nimmt die Auswerteelektronik eine Aufspaltung in mehrere Bereiche vor, und die Mine wird nur dann gezündet, wenn Signale erzeugt werden, die in diese für Hubschrauber charakteristische Frequenzbereiche fallen. So ist der vorstehend erwähnte Frequenzbereich von 5 - 40 Hz, der das durch die Rotordrehung entstehende Geräusch repräsentiert, für Hubschrauber besonders charakteristisch.In a further development of the invention, the electronic evaluation device splits the signals generated by the microphone and / or infrared sensor into different branches, evaluates them separately, feeds them to a comparator and then to a logical link. In a special embodiment, the electronic evaluation device splits the signals generated by the microphone into a branch of 5-40 Hz and a branch of 200-1000 Hz. The first range corresponds to a sound frequency range (infrasound), which is caused by the rotating rotor of a helicopter, while the machine noise of the helicopter is in the second range. Only if there are signals from both frequency ranges and the infrared sensor responds, a launch is effected. In other words, in the solution according to the invention, the evaluation electronics split into several areas, and the mine is only ignited if signals are generated which fall within these frequency ranges characteristic of helicopters. The above-mentioned frequency range of 5 - 40 Hz, which represents the noise generated by the rotor rotation, is particularly characteristic of helicopters.
Durch die vorstehend erwähnte Aufteilung in mehrere Frequenzbereiche und die anschließende logische Verknüpfung werden Fehlauslösungen weitgehend vermieden, da auf diese Weise die Zahl der Kriterien erhöht wird, die für ein Auslösen der Mine erfüllt sein müssen. An jedem Zweig muß somit ein Signal anliegen, bevor ausgelöst wird.The above-mentioned division into several frequency ranges and the subsequent logical linkage largely avoid false triggers, since this increases the number of criteria that must be met for the mine to be triggered. A signal must therefore be present at each branch before it is triggered.
Was die Ausbildung des Infrarotsensors anbetrifft, so besitzt bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung dieser eine strahlenförmige Richtkeule, in deren Richtung die Boden-Luft-Mine abfeuerbar ist. Der Begriff "Richtkeule" bezeichnet die Empfangscharakteristik eines Infrarotsensors oder eines Aggregates aus Infrarotsensoren. Sie ist im Funktionsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mehr oder weniger keulenförmig. Die Empfindlichkeit nimmt zur Achse hin zu.As far as the design of the infrared sensor is concerned, in one embodiment of the invention the latter has a radial directional lobe, in the direction of which the surface-air mine can be fired. The term "directional lobe" denotes the reception characteristic of an infrared sensor or an aggregate of infrared sensors. It is more or less club-shaped in the functional area of the device according to the invention. The sensitivity increases towards the axis.
Der Infrarotsensor muß mit einer Richtcharakteristik ein geeignetes Auslöseverhalten sicherstellen. Bei einer größeren Höhe erscheint jedoch der Hubschrauber bzw. dessen Infrarotquelle (Turbine) recht klein gegenüber dem Streukegel der Mine. Somit ergibt ein Infrarotdetektor, dessen Empfindlichkeit direkt auf den Streukegel abgestimmt ist, nur ein relativ schwaches Infrarotsignal. Dadurch ist eine gewisse Anfälligkeit für Störungen (z.B. ziehende Wolken) nicht auszuschließen. Außerdem ist es technisch aufwendig, eine scharfe Begrenzung eines so großen Gesichtsfeldes zu erreichen. Eine scharfe Begrenzung ist notwendig, um ein in weiten Grenzen von der Hubschraubergeschwindigkeit unabhängiges Auslöseverhalten zu gewährleisten.The infrared sensor must ensure a suitable tripping behavior with a directional characteristic. At a higher altitude, however, the helicopter or its infrared source (turbine) appears quite small compared to the mine cone. An infrared detector, the sensitivity of which is directly matched to the scattering cone, therefore only gives a relatively weak infrared signal. As a result, a certain susceptibility to faults (e.g. moving clouds) cannot be excluded. It is also technically complex to sharply limit such a large one To achieve visual field. A sharp limitation is necessary in order to ensure trigger behavior that is independent of the helicopter speed within wide limits.
Zur Behebung dieser Nachteile bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform schlägt die Erfindung eine weitere Alternative vor, bei der der Infrarotsensor eine Empfindlichkeitsverteilung besitzt, bei der sich eine Vielzahl von Segmenten maximaler Empfindlichkeit innerhalb eines Wirkkegels befindet. Eine solche Empfindlichkeitsverteilung des Infrarotsensors läßt sich problemlos durch segmentierte Infrarotlinsen oder -spiegel erreichen. Hierbei ergibt sich beim Flug des Hubschraubers durch eines der Segmente ein sehr deutliches Signal, und die Empfindlichkeit gegen Störungen wird verringert.To overcome these disadvantages in the embodiment described above, the invention proposes a further alternative in which the infrared sensor has a sensitivity distribution in which a multiplicity of segments of maximum sensitivity are located within an active cone. Such a sensitivity distribution of the infrared sensor can easily be achieved by segmented infrared lenses or mirrors. This gives a very clear signal when the helicopter is flying through one of the segments, and the sensitivity to interference is reduced.
Was das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Mikrofon anbetrifft, so besteht die Bedingung, daß dieses für Hubschraubergeräusche empfindlich ist, insbesondere für solche im Infraschallbereich (verursacht durch Rotordrehung). Ein solches Mikrofon braucht keine spezielle Richtcharakteristik zu besitzen. Man kann jedoch auch für die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ein auf das Zielgebiet gerichtetes Richtmikrofon mit kegelförmiger akustisches Richtcharakteristik einsetzen, das mit seiner akustischen Richtcharakteristik ein Zielfeld definiert. Hierbei verläuft dann vorzugsweise die gegenüber der akustischen Richtcharakteristik schmale Richtkeule des Infrarotsensors im Zentrum des Zielfeldes der akustischen Richtcharakteristik. Mit dem Begriff "akustische Richtcharakteristik" wird die Empfangscharakteristik eines Richtmikrofon bezeichnet. Sie ist im Funktionsbereich bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung mehr oder weniger kegelförmig geschaltet, wobei die Empfindlichkeit zum Zentrum des Kegels hin zunimmt.As for the microphone used in accordance with the invention, there is the condition that it is sensitive to helicopter noises, especially those in the infrasound range (caused by rotor rotation). Such a microphone does not need to have a special directional characteristic. However, it is also possible to use a directional microphone with a conical acoustic directional characteristic directed at the target area for the solution according to the invention, which microphone defines a target field with its acoustic directional characteristic. In this case, the directional lobe of the infrared sensor, which is narrow compared to the acoustic directional characteristic, then preferably runs in the center of the target field of the acoustic directional characteristic. The term “acoustic directional characteristic” denotes the reception characteristic of a directional microphone. In the functional area in this embodiment of the invention, it is connected more or less conically, the sensitivity increasing towards the center of the cone.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- perspektivisch eine Boden-Luft-Mine mit akustischer Richtcharakteristik und Richtkeule einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Figur 2- die Verhältnisse beim Ansprechen der Vorrichtung;
Figur 3- perspektivisch eine Boden-Luft-Mine mit Infrarotsensor gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
- Figur 4
- ein Blockdiagramm der elektronischen Auswerteeinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
- Figure 1
- perspective a surface-air mine with acoustic directional characteristic and directional lobe of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention;
- Figure 2
- the conditions when the device responds;
- Figure 3
- perspective a surface-air mine with infrared sensor according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
- Figure 4
- a block diagram of the electronic evaluation device of the device according to the invention.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Boden-Luft-Mine 1 dient der Hubschrauberbekämpfung. Sie besitzt ein Richtmikrofon mit kegelförmiger akustischer Richtcharakteristik 2. Das Richtmikrofon ist für Hubschraubergeräusche, insbesondere die Frequenzbereiche 5 - 40 Hz und 200 - 1000 Hz, empfindlich. In Figur 1 sind verschiedene Kegel dieser Richtcharakteristik 2 dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung besitzt ferner einen Infrarotsensor mit strahlenförmiger Richtkeule 3. Aus Maßstabsgründen sind das Richtmikrofon und der Infrarotsensor in Figur 1 nicht erkennbar. Sie bilden gleichsam die Wurzeln von 2 und 3. In Richtung der Achse der akustischen Richtcharakteristik 2 und damit in Richtung der Achse der Richtkeule 3 ist die Boden-Luft-Mine 1 abfeuerbar. Sie besitzt im übrigen eine elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung.The surface-
In Figur 2 sind die als Meßschrieb 4 über eine Zeitachse aufgetragenen Hubschraubergeräusche, die die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung aufnimmt, sowie das Infrarotsignal 5, welches die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung vom Infrarotsensor übernimmt, dargestellt. Man erkennt, daß das Richtmikrofon auf das Zielgebiet gerichtet ist und mit seiner akustischen Richtcharakeristik 2 ein Zielfeld definiert, in dessen Zentrum die gegenüber der akustischen Richtcharakteristik 2 schmale Richtkeule 3 verläuft. Die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung analysiert die Hubschraubergeräusche. Bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Intensität der Hubschraubergeräusche sowie bei gleichzeitigem Ansprechen des Infrarotsensors wird die Boden-Luft-Mine 1 abgefeuert, d.h. die Zündung für die Marschbewegung der Boden-Luft-Mine 1 bewirkt.FIG. 2 shows the helicopter noises, which are recorded as measuring record 4 over a time axis and which are picked up by the electronic evaluation device, and the
Figur 3 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Boden-Luft-Mine 10 ähnlich Figur 1, wobei bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Infrarotsensors (nicht gezeigt) Anwendung findet. Dieser Infrarotsensor besitzt eine Vielzahl von Wirkkegeln 3, die Segmente maximaler Empfindlichkeit bilden, welche in einem Gesamtwirkkegel 20 angeordnet sind. Eine solche Empfindlichkeitsverteilung kann durch segmentierte Infrarotlinsen oder -spiegel erreicht werden. Beim Flug des Hubschraubers durch eines der Segmente 30 ergibt sich ein sehr deutliches Signal. Die Lücken zwischen den Segmenten 30 führen dazu, daß der Hubschrauber beim Durchgang durch den Kegel mit gewisser Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht erfaßt wird. Diese Wahrscheinlichkeit nimmt mit steigendem Abstand zur Mine immer mehr zu. Ein solches Verhalten ist sehr erwünscht, da die Wirksamkeit der Mine auf eine bestimmte Entfernung (beispielsweise 100 m) begrenzt ist. Damit ist ein gewisser Schutz gegenüber Fehlauslösungungen durch in zu großer Höhe fliegende Hubschrauber gegeben.FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a ground-
Figur 4 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm der Auswerteelektronik, die bei den Ausführungsformen der Figuren 1 bis 3 Anwendung findet. Die Einrichtung umfaßt ein Mikrofon 40, dessen in Abhängigkeit vom Hubschraubergeräusch erzeugte elektrische Signale durch Filter 41, 41 in verschiedene Zweige aufgespalten werden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind 2 Filter dargestellt; es können jedoch auch weitere Unterteilungen getroffen werden. Die aufgespaltenen Signale werden dann getrennt bewertet und über jeweilige Komparatoren 42 einem Verknüpfungsglied 43 zugeführt.FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the evaluation electronics which are used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3. The device comprises a
Figur 4 zeigt desweiteren einen Infrarotsensor 44. Dessen Signale werden ebenfalls über ein Filter 45 und einen Komparator 46 dem Verknüpfungsglied 43 zugeführt. Auch hierbei kann eine Aufspaltung in mehrere Zweige erfolgen, wie in gestrichelter Weise angedeutet ist. Das Verknüpfungsglied 43 bewirkt eine Auslösung der Zündeinrichtung der Mine, wenn dort Signale der beiden Zweige des Mikrofons bei Anliegen eines Signales vom Infrarotsensor anstehen.FIG. 4 also shows an
Es versteht sich, daß anstelle des beschriebenen Verknüpfungsgliedes ein diese Funktion ausführender Prozessor eingesetzt werden kann. Die zugeführten Signale werden dann über jeweilige A/D-Wandler geführt.It goes without saying that a processor performing this function can be used instead of the described link. The supplied signals are then passed through respective A / D converters.
Claims (7)
- A device for detecting objects and for causing a ground-to-air mine to be fired at them, said device being suitable for helicopter combat and having a microphone (40) sensitive with respect to helicopter noise,
characterized by
an infrared sensor (44) having a directional characteristic (3, 20) which is adjusted to the spreading range of said ground-to-air mine, and
electronic evaluation means for analysing the helicopter noise and for causing said ground-to-air mine to be fired when a predetermined intensity is reached and the infrared sensor (44) simultaneously reacts. - The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said electronic evaluation means divides the signals generated by said microphone (40) and/or said infrared sensor (44) into different branches, evaluates the same separately, and feeds the same to a comparator (42) and then to a logical combining member (43).
- The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said electronic evaluation means divides the signals generated by said microphone (40) into a branch of 5-40 Hz and a branch of 200-1000 Hz.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said infrared sensor (44) has a sensitivity distribution according to which a plurality of segments (30) of maximun sensitivity is located within an active cone (20).
- The device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said infrared sensor (44) has a beam-like directional club (3) aligned with a direction of fire of said ground-to-air mine.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said microphone (40) is a directional microphone directed to a target area and having a conical acoustic directional characteristic (2) and defining a target field with its acoustic directional characteristic (2).
- The device according to claim 6, characterised in that said directional club (3) is narrow relative to said acoustic directional characteristic (2), and in that said directional club extends in the centre of the target field of said acoustic directional characteristic (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3927663 | 1989-08-22 | ||
| DE3927663A DE3927663C3 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | Device for target detection and launching of ground-to-air mines to be fired in helicopter combat |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0418566A1 EP0418566A1 (en) | 1991-03-27 |
| EP0418566B1 true EP0418566B1 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
Family
ID=6387603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90115901A Expired - Lifetime EP0418566B1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-20 | Detection device for the typical signals of a helicopter and for firing ground-air mines |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5147977A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0418566B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE105931T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3927663C3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2056320T3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA906603B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4133543C2 (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 2001-12-13 | Diehl Stiftung & Co | Helicopter defense mine |
| DE19906970C2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2003-03-27 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | reconnaissance probe |
| US7957225B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-06-07 | Textron Systems Corporation | Alerting system for a facility |
| US10741037B2 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-08-11 | Avaya Inc. | Method and system for detecting inaudible sounds |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3902172A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1975-08-26 | Us Navy | Infrared gated radio fuzing system |
| GB1225647A (en) * | 1967-08-19 | 1971-03-17 | ||
| FR1590594A (en) * | 1968-05-17 | 1970-04-20 | ||
| FR2205186A5 (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1974-05-24 | Lacroix E | |
| DE2336040C3 (en) * | 1973-07-14 | 1980-06-19 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Defense system with several floors |
| DE2829239C1 (en) * | 1978-07-04 | 1983-06-09 | Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik, 6900 Heidelberg | Method and arrangement for detecting an approaching helicopter for the purpose of a countermeasure |
| DE3045837C2 (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1984-01-05 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Ignition circuit for explosive devices |
| DE3101722C2 (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1983-10-06 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Device for triggering weapons |
| DE3140728C2 (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1985-02-07 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Device for combating targets, such as tanks or the like. |
| FR2541444A1 (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1984-08-24 | Thomson Csf | Remote-detection device of the mine type and firing system comprising such devices |
| DE3326748A1 (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-07 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | MINE |
| FR2599860B1 (en) * | 1984-03-22 | 1989-12-01 | France Etat Armement | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PASSIVE SOUND DETECTION OF AIRCRAFT, ESPECIALLY HELICOPTERS |
| DE3538785A1 (en) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-07 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | MINE WITH ALARM AND TRIGGER SENSORS |
| IL86525A0 (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1988-11-15 | Cohen David | Promixity detector mine system |
| DE3837483A1 (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1990-05-10 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Mine which can be aimed by a motor |
-
1989
- 1989-08-22 DE DE3927663A patent/DE3927663C3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-08-17 US US07/569,185 patent/US5147977A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-20 AT AT90115901T patent/ATE105931T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-20 EP EP90115901A patent/EP0418566B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-20 DE DE59005728T patent/DE59005728D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-20 ES ES90115901T patent/ES2056320T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-21 ZA ZA906603A patent/ZA906603B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5147977A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
| DE3927663C3 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
| EP0418566A1 (en) | 1991-03-27 |
| DE59005728D1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| ZA906603B (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| DE3927663C2 (en) | 1993-04-22 |
| ATE105931T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| DE3927663A1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
| ES2056320T3 (en) | 1994-10-01 |
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