DE2202793A1 - Method and apparatus for indicating the passage of a projectile through an area of air - Google Patents

Description

2202793
Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen patent attorneys

Physicist Dr. Walter Andrejewski graduate engineer Dr.-lng. Manfred Honke Graduate Engineer Lawyer files: 38 488 / E-th Hans Dieter Gesthuysen

4300 Essen, January 20th, 1972 Theaterplatz 3

Patent application

AUSTRALASIAN TRAINING AIDS PTY.LIMITED l6l - 167 pallon Street,

Albury, New South Wales, Australia

Method and device for indicating the passage of a projectile through a Air area.

When practicing shooting at air or ground targets from the plug-in tool Until now, the target object had to be inspected to establish the number of hits, whereupon the number of those found Hits were reported to the pilot by radio. That this, especially when shooting at one of another Tow bag towed by plug stuff, very cumbersome and time consuming is, is obvious. If you consider the high plug costs for modern combat aircraft, it becomes apparent immediately the high costs incurred in the previous method of determining the shooting results.

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

The invention has therefore set itself the task of “a method and to create a device suitable for its implementation »by means of which the passage of an artillery shell through a target area in the air is directly indicated · The method and the device are intended to be very general in artillery shooting, but in particular in Shooting at air or fire targets from the plug tool «can be used be.

In procedural terms, the invention relates to this Purpose in front of the entire target area with a bundle of light rays is irradiated and the reflection of this Target area, projectile flying through, incident light rays is detected.

A device according to the invention is essentially characterized by a radiator irradiating the entire target area, as well as a measuring device for plaguing the reflected from light beam emitted by the emitter through a projectile flying through the target area.

As soon as the measuring element has an Iteflection of the broadcast Light beam detects "this means" that a hit has been achieved. The number of reflections thus results the number of hits without difficulty

From a procedural point of view, provision is also made for a projectile to pass through one of several target areas by ascertaining «that the target areas are through a

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honlce & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

or several light beams are scanned in this way «because of this a beam or several beams of light hits a projectile which passes through one of the target areas, and that the Reflektlon dee one or more rays of light detected and the region of origin of the reflection is determined.

A device according to the invention suitable for this is thereby characterized in that »ie scanning devices for scanning the target areas by means of one or more light beams has and a measuring element for determining a reflection of the light beam or the light beams from one Floor and to determine the area of origin of the reflection.

According to a further special feature of the invention is a reflector provided, which consists of a rotatable about a center line Body with a number of reflecting surfaces surrounding this center line, these reflecting surfaces are arranged such that when a light beam strikes on one of these surfaces and twisting the body around the Center line of the light beam successively reflectable from each surface and so that an area in space can be scanned, and wherein the reflection surfaces are further shaped and arranged in this way are that at the end of the scan through one area, the scan of the next area immediately continued , i.e. an uninterrupted scanning of the area in the rough can be achieved.

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

Further special features of the invention emerge from the following description of the attached drawing; show it:

Figure 1 shows the optics of a device according to the invention in Scheroatlecher representation;

FIG. 2 shows a modification of the optics shown in FIG. 1 in a schematic representation;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of an in the device according to Flg. l used lens;

FIG. K shows a perspective view of a reflector used in the device according to FIG. 2;

Figure 5 is an end view of the reflector of Figure 4;

FIG. 6 shows an illustration of one of the light beams of the device according to FIG. 1 and 2 irradiated area;

FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are circuit diagrams of the electronic part of the device according to the invention; and

FIG. 10 shows a section through a tug bird

attached tow bag «wherein the device shown in Figures 1 and 2 in one Aircraft towed tug fitted 1st.

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

• 5-

The optics of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a helium-neon laser 1 for generating a steady laser beam. A light beam 2 is generated by this laser 1 and directed onto an inclined quartz mirror 3, which on its rear side in relation to ^a "f the light blind 2 has such a mirror layer that 95 to 99% of the light beam 2 passes through and becomes the light beam 4. This Light beam 4 is directed into a lens 5. The lens 5 is shaped as a segment of a circle which was cut out of a correspondingly thick plate (see Fig. 3), the light beam 4 being directed onto this lens in such a way that it bisects the angle of the segment and penetrates into it through a semicircular incision 6. Through this incision 6 the beam 4 is redirected as beam 8, which in two directions is referred to as the "incident beam", which has a substantially rectangular cross-section, as shown in Pig. 1 is indicated in dashed lines without having any substantial transverse divergence. If a projectile such as a bullet or a grenade should fly through this beam 8, the beam 8 falls on the ball or the projectile. Since the projectile cannot be a perfect black body, part of the beam is reflected from it and part of this reflection, which is conveniently referred to as "reflected beam", runs back to lens 5, which collects it and acts as a beam 9 deflects onto the mirror 3. The beam 9 is reflected by the mirror 3, whose front side is provided with a mirror layer, as beam 10. The mirror layer of the mirror 3 results in a 95-99 length reflection of the beam 9 as

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

Beam 10. Beam 10 runs through an optical pass filter 12, which prevents light beams with a significantly different frequency than the laser frequency from passing through, so that errors are reduced, which could arise from scattered light such as solar radiation Beam 1}, which is directed through the lens Ik onto the center of the PIN diode 15. As a result, this PIN diode 15 emits an electrical signal 17. This signal 17 is hereinafter referred to as the "reflected signal *. The optics of the device described above give an indication of the passage of a projectile through the beam 8 and, as will be described below, can be used to give a very precise indication of the shooting results to get a target object.

Since the lens 5 is shaped essentially in such a way to the beam 4 as beam 8, but not in order to absorb the beams reflected from a projectile and as beam 9 To pass it on, a further lens can be provided which is essentially sufficient to receive the reflected beam trained 1st and in a suitable place next to this Lens 5 is arranged to receive a reflected beam, if these lines of an axis on one side of the Axis of the outgoing beam 8 is reflected.

In the modification of the optical part of the device shown in FIG. 2, a helium-neon laser 21 is provided, which generates a steady laser beam 22. This laser beam 22 is directed onto an inclined quartz mirror 2? with epiege! coated front side, whereby this leveling

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

-T-

coating results in a 1-5 £ -lge reflection of beam 22 as beam 2k , while between 95 and 99 # of the beam pass through the mirror as beam 26.

This beam 26 is directed onto an inclined quartz picgel

27 directed »whose rear side is mirror-coated and which is practically the entire light beam 26 as a light beam

28 lets through. This light beam 28 runs to a faceted one Reflector 29 and is reflected by this as a light beam 31.

The reflector 29 consists of a rectangular body 32, which is rotated around a face-centered axis of a shaft 33 by means of a motor 3 *. This axis also carries a Disk 36. Like FIGS. 4 and 5, the body 32 has show four flat mirror surfaces. The mirrors are square arranged to each other on the side surfaces of the body 32

The axis of rotation of this body runs at right angles to the beam 28, and is shown in FIG. 2 only for graphic reasons shown parallel to the beam direction.

Before meeting the body 32, the beam 28 is through guided a lens 5, which is formed in the same catfish 1st «as described in Figure 1 (see Figures 4 and 5).

As a result of the rotation of the body 32, the jet 28 becomes one after the other reflected from each of the mirror surfaces so that like

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

As already mentioned, a ray 31 arises as a result of the rotation of the body 32, this beam 31 sweeps an area which in the following is called "Ab ta et be reich * (scanned area) should be rejected · This scanning area has the In Figure illustrated pore

Through the lens 5 upstream of the body 32, the light has » beam 31 has an elongated cross-section 37 'as shown in FIG Figures 2 and 6 is shown.

The shape of the surface area is shown in Figure 6 and the reflector results for the beam 31 an elongated cross-section 37, which "like the figures" peculiar, diverges outwards and scans a segment of a circle. In an electronic part of the device according to the invention, a lower and a upper limit of effectiveness of the device set arbitrarily « The depth of the light beam to a projectile at the lower limit of the scanning is expediently about 69 cm.

The angular velocity of the body 32 and the width of this Light beam 31 along the long and short axes of the long * elongated cross-section 37 are chosen such that a Projectile, such as a bullet, which hit the defector richly flies through, is hit by light beam 31. Far a floor speed of about 1200 ra / seo the pass tents through the light beam at a depth of Light beam to the Ge sch ο fl of about 68 approx at the lower limit

of sampling ^ a.sec · - 0.564 a.sec · TO

Γ09837 / 0696

Andrejewslci, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

As a result, for a four-sided body 32, the speed should expediently not be less than ¹⁰⁰⁰

.5 4 * 0 rev / sec - 27600 rev / a. Vie practice has shown »should these values are exceeded »so that the widest possible range of Oeschofi speeds can be covered«

When a projectile "such as a rifle bullet or a grenade flies through the scanning area" it is detected by light beam 31. This light beam is conveniently referred to as the "incident bean". Because the projectile may not be a perfectly black body "so the light beam 31 is reflected from it, and a part of the reflection along the path of the light beam 31 to run back to the angle of incidence · This part is referred to as" reflected light beam ¹¹ 38 "and this light beam 33 the type of an impulse and is not continuous.

The light beam 38 is reflected by the mirrors on the body 32 and runs along the path of the light beam 28 "but" in the opposite direction, as beam 39 ·

The beam 39 hits the mirror 27 "whose front side is mirror-coated" and is practically perfect by this reflected as light beam 41.

The light beam 41 then runs to the optical pass filter 42 » which prevents the passage of light rays with a frequency »which differs significantly from that of the laser beam» to reduce sources of error »which from stray light» «1 · Sunlight.

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

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The light beam 43 emerges from the pilter 42 and airs to the PIN diode 44, as a result, the diode 44 gives an electrical signal

46 from. This signal is hereinafter referred to as the ■ reflected signal " designated·

The light beam 24 deflected by the mirror 23 hits you sohräg Standing mirror 47 and is used by these as a light beam 48 practically completely reflected. This light beam 48 passes through a lens system 49 and emerges from it as light « beam 51 from

The aforementioned disc 36 has a large number of Perforations close to their edge «the centers of these perforations being the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the Own disk. These holes are arranged in four groups, which · angularly to each other in the same catfish are arranged like the four mirror surfaces on the body 32 to * each other «Each group corresponds to one of the four mirror surfaces, so that while a mirror surface reflects the light beam 38, the group corresponding to this mirror surface is arranged in such a way that the light beam 51 passes through the holes of this Group passes through and as impulse rays 52 from the disk exit· '

These pulse beams 52 run to the PIN diode 53 so that they are emits an electrical pulse signal 54. This signal will hereinafter referred to as "reference pulse signal" «

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

-IlBetrieb the device is set so that the The scanning area is calibrated in front of a target object or other suitable Aiming is · By its very nature, the invention is special their application when bombarding aerial targets from the air and when bombarding earth targets from the air: «where the scanning area in front of a tow bag is "as shown in FIG. 10" or behind a tow bag or in front of or behind an earth target.

When using the device according to the invention when shooting at aerial tricks from the air, a towed bird 60 is attached to the aircraft by means of a towline 6l and tows a towed bag 6? Behind it on a towline 62. here. The optics of the device according to the invention are shown as block 6h in FIG.

When using the optics of the invention described in FIG In the device in the towed bird 60, the lens 5 is arranged in such a way that its incident beam runs in such a way that as indicated by the lines 66 and 67 in FIG.

When using the optics of the invention shown in FIG Device in the towing bird 60 can be the mirror surfaces be arranged in such a way that the scanning angle of the light beam is determined by lines 66 and 67 "Earth" oils preferably arranged in such a way that the scanning angle between the lines 68 and 69 with the tow bag 63

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

• 12 -

• chileSenden lower and upper border lines runs. At the end During a day's shooting, the tow bag 60 can be fetched from the aircraft or the tow line 6l can be taken from the aircraft be released and the towed bird 60 glide down safely on a parachute thus unfolded "

Naturally, the optics of the device can also be used in the aircraft instead of being built into the towed bird "if air targets" i.e. the tow bag 6 ?, shot at from another aircraft should be. However, since the tow bag is being towed a considerable distance behind the aircraft «by one The optics prevent bombardment of the tow plane of the device preferably for economic considerations related to the laser construction and the performance of the Device placed as close as possible to the target object, so that the reflection value of the laser beam is as large as possible is·

When shooting at ground piles from the air, the optics become the The device is arranged in such a way that the incident light beam is in front of the target, as indicated in FIG.

How to use the reflected signal and of the yeast pulse signals are generally described below, which is followed by the detailed description of how to derive the desired information from these signals used circuits.

209837/0696

Andrejewskl, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorney ·, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

Since the reflected signal is a pulse signal, the Number of projectiles flying through the abutment surface simply determined by counting the pulses. That way lHeat determine the accuracy of the target.

In addition, there is the strength of the reflected signal's strength corresponds to the reflected light beam and the strength of the reflected light beam in relation to the distance of the projectile on which the incident beam hits " can be set by rejecting signals above or below * half star values an upper and a lower Orense des Specify the area »In which floors are detected. This area is shown in FIGS. 6 and 10. Through this the result is clearly a better determination of the aiming accuracy A further improvement can be achieved by determining the strength of the reflected signal for the Area of the storeys is determined, but must point out be read that such a settlement is likely subject to strong changes, depending on whether that is reflected Signal originates from a relatively large-caliber or relatively small-caliber projectile.

Bai use of the 1 »connection with Figure 2 explained optical Part of the inventive device IKSt itself with Using other means, the angular position of a detected bullet in the scanning area in relation to an imaginary ground « set line. This is achieved in that in the disc 36 «a certain opening is made larger than that other openings. This particular opening then creates one

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honk & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Estonians, Theaterplatz

Inpule Ib Refrenx pulse signal, which is stronger Impulses that are generated through the other openings This particular opening is arranged in such a way that the impulse generated by it At the moment that «In which one of the mirror surfaces begins «the scanning area to be sampled · if one knows the number of impulses «which one generated during the tent span «within which one of the mirror surfaces scans the scanning area «and if you replace this number with another number - expediently through? Splits" can a * n by counting the impulses and by listing the description of the reflected signal for the counting result in the period of time in which the reflected signal is received becomes, the angular position of an echo · se · in the scanning area Inside one of three segments of this scanning area in Determine reference to an imaginary baseline · This will an even more precise determination of the target accuracy is achieved.

while the above explanations describe the species and catfish of the Use of the Pulse Reference Signal and the Reflected Signal In general, we shall describe specific ones below Details and the preferably used circuits are explained · ■

The circuit for obtaining signals according to the through passage of a floor within a certain area of the original incident beam is shown in Figure 7 and has a PIN diode «which was specified as PIN diode 15 and M in the explanations above. If one of a Light beam reflected by the bullet hits the PIN diode «

209837/0696

22Q27S3

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

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a signal is generated by this · which with the reference number 100 specified 1st. This signal 100 is passed to a pass filter B.P.P. old constant circles fed, so only one signal can happen »which in a given amplitude and Tent area falls. D & s signal 102 outgoing from passi'ilter becomes In a high frequency amplifier R.F. reinforced and by one corresponding amplitude detector (level set and detector) converted into a suitable form 105. By this signal 10J5 an oscillator is triggered to generate a signal 104 of known duration and amplitude. To supply the aforementioned A constant voltage circuit stud becomes a DC regulator used·

When using the optics according to the invention shown in FIG Device, the signal 104 can be entered directly into a memory STORB. This is basically shown in FIG. 8, where In addition, a circuit enclosed by a dashed rectangle is provided, which is explained below shall be. If a control signal is received at the receiver REC, then the memory STORE is actuated so that the Hit information stored in the binary code in signals coming from the clock generator CLOCK is fed to a transmitter TRANS, which in turn transmits the hit information to an aircraft, which β shoots at the tow bag or an earth target «This 8ender TRANS works with such a frequency that the Usual control equipment NAV / COMM on board the plug stuff can receive the information. This is schematically shown in Figure shown, with one to the control device NAV / COMM Decoding device DECODE is connected, which the

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honice & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz

- 16

received information decrypted and a display device DXSPIAY feeds a range of digital readout and Aufieigeröhren has »by the number of through the falling beam oeschosses passed through and consequently one Shows number of hits »

via receiver RBC in the circuit according to FIG. 8, when a control signal is received from the transmitter in the control system NAV / COMM of the aircraft, which is shooting at the target, the control signal can be issued by the pilot or by the shooter Xm aircraft

If the optics shown in Figure 2 are used, then the signal 104 preferably three electronic gates AND 1, AND 2 and AND? (Flg. 8) fed, which individually for a period of time can be opened which corresponds to the number of the selected reference pulse signals · The selected Reference pulse signals are obtained by providing suitable subdivision means to divide the pulse signals, which are generated by the number of perforations in the disc 36, to be subdivided into signal groups and by these signals continue to operate switching devices to a signal to open a gate for the duration of each signal group create · The disc 26 has 1999 bores on the circumference in equal distance from each other and a larger hole on the same Perimeter line, i.e. a total of 1200 bores The larger opening is arranged in such a way that it is at the beginning of the Scanning of the light beam over the scanning area by one of the mirror surfaces corresponds. Since four mirror surfaces are provided

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

- 17 -

Bind, there are ^ 4r ^ · 5 °° openings for each mirror surface. By having partial facilities to pay 2-2. “Ioo Provides pulses and arrangements for generating a signal, which in one of the three gates for a duration of 100 pulses then one of the three gates for the duration of the next 100 pulses and then the third for the next 100 pulses from the SYKC and again from the first of the gates for the next 100 pulses etc. is fed in. Each of the three gates can be used for a third of the scanning sector of the light beam open »In the present Pail, the scanning area is divided into three Divided into sectors. While the signal 104 is applied to all three gates, it only passes through the gate which is open 1st. This enables a signal to be obtained which indicates which sector a projectile passed through, so that a ' much more precise determination of the target accuracy achievable is. The three gates can correspond, for example: "Left of the target", "Target hit" and "Right of the target". the Hit information on the part of the gates is entered in the STORE memory and, as already in connection with the optics, out Figure 1 described forwarded

The hit information broadcast by the TRANS transmitter is used by the Control control device NAv / COiiN added and as in FIG. 9 indicates STORB entered into a memory. From this memory the information is passed to a decoding device DECODE « which decrypts the information available in binary form and brings it into a suitable form for a display device To press DISPLAY. As a result, the decrypted information can be viewed by the observer on the display device DISPIAY can be read directly.

209837/0696

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

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Do not leave the device according to the invention described above eich arbitration exercises on a target with several plug-in tools directly carry out one after the other, as the shooting results are transmitted almost immediately to the respective plug stuff. The pure flight costs when practicing a whole season As a result, compared to the previously usual procedure, at which after each approach the hits by the observation staff had to be laboriously counted, considerably reduced.

To reduce the effects of sunlight or other rays of light or the effects of slowly moving objects, which pass the incident beam, switch off, so that if it is not registered as a hit, the one used to register an actual bullet hit can be used Circuit can be designed in such a way that it comes into operation when a projectile leaves the scanning area, by for a reflected signal a blanking signal is provided, which for example occurs every three samples.

To keep the diameter of the disc 36 as small as possible and su nevertheless to reduce the difficulties that arise in the production of the required number of perforations on the edge of the disc result when the pulley diameter becomes smaller and smaller, the disc can be supplied with magnetic signals of different frequencies according to the number of holes otherwise used be provided. A tape reading head can be provided to monitor the recorded signals when the Disk 36 to be read, so that the signal 54 can be generated and can also be used as described above

209837/069 6

Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3

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To ensure that a hit is not in two scan sectors is registered when a projectile passes the borderline between two adjacent scanning sectors, the reflected Signal can be used in such a way that it prevents the next counting until a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

As far as a "light beam" is mentioned in the above description, this term includes within the scope of the invention Visible and invisible light in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum and also coherent wave trains (laser, burl). the The invention is also not restricted to the fact that the projectile is a projectile or, more specifically, an artillery projectile. It can Also be missiles or other projectiles.

209837/0696

Claims (4)

2202753 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 - 20 - Patent claims: I.) A method for indicating the passage of a projectile, in particular an artillery projectile through an air area, characterized in that the entire target area is irradiated with a light beam and the reflection of the light beam striking a projectile passing through this target area is determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the The light beam is dimensioned such that it is incident on the entire target area and that it is stationary. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the The light beam is dimensioned such that it does not cover the entire target area and the target area is scanned with it. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-5 *, characterized in that that the light beam has a fan shape. 5. The method according to claim 2 and 4, characterized in that the beam plane includes the target area. 6. The method according to claim 5 and 4, characterized in that that the beam plane is guided essentially at right angles to the target area when it is scanned. 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honice & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz - 21 - 7. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that that the reflection is essentially along the axis the light beam striking the projectile takes place 8. Method according to one of claims 1 - 7 # characterized in that that through the reflection an electrical signal is produced· 9 · The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical signal generates a visible or audible signal. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical signal as well as the same signals generated as a result of the passage of projectiles through the light beam can be saved and retrieved from the memory to display the number of hits in the target area 11 · method according to claim 3 or one of claims 4 - 10, characterized in that the light beam is generated by a moving reflection body from a light source is illuminated. 12. Method according to claim 3 or one of claims 4-11, characterized in that the reflection of the light beam increases «An angular position at the moment of tracing the Ref Iektlon is related and thereby an indication Can be derived from the angular position of the projectile. 20 9 8 37/0696 Andrejewslci, Honice & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 - 22 - 13 · Method according to one of claims 1 - 12 «characterized in that dafi reflecting the light beam on the part of a Floor above and below specified values can be ignored and the limits of the target area can be determined are" Ik, a device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1-13 *, characterized in that it has a radiator irradiating the entire target area and a measuring element for determining the reflection of the light beam emitted by the radiator when it hits a projectile flying through the target area. 15 · Device according to claim 14, characterized in that a light source supplying the spotlight with light is provided. l6. Device according to claim Ik or 15 », characterized in that the radiator is designed in such a way that the entire target area can be irradiated by means of the light beam emitted by it, the radiator being stationary. Device according to claim Ik or 15, characterized in that the radiator is designed in such a way that only part of the target area can be irradiated by means of the light beam emitted by it, and the scanning devices are provided with the aid of which the light beam can be moved in such a way that the entire target area can be scanned through it 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz l8. Device according to claim 17 »characterized in that the radiator has a movable reflector that can be illuminated by a light source. 19 · Device according to one of claims 1Λ-18, characterized characterized that the measuring element is designed in such a way that from Him Essentially only reflections can be grasped that occur essentially along the axis of the light beam impinging on the projectile. 20. Device according to any one of claims 14-19, characterized marked »that the radiator is designed in such a way, that the light beam it generates has a fan shape. 21 · Device according to claims 16 and 2O _9, characterized in that the radiator is arranged in such a way that the plane of the light beam generated by it encompasses the target area. 22. Device according to claim 17 and 20, characterized in that that the radiator is arranged such that the plane dee generated by him light beam when scanning the Target area runs essentially at right angles to the target area. 25. Device according to one of claims Ik - 22, characterized in that a device is provided which emits a visible or audible signal when a reflection of the measuring element is seldom detected. 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 Apparatus according to claim 17 or one of the claims J.8 - 22, characterized in that for the purpose of specifying the angle * position of the bullet a the reflection to the angular position of the light beam at the moment of the reflection measurement in Relationship setting facility is provided. 25 "Device according to one of claims 14-2k, characterized" that a device is provided to define the boundaries of the target area, which eliminates the reflection of the light beam from a projectile above and below predetermined values. 26. Device according to one of claims 14-25 »thereby characterized in that the measuring element is designed in this way since 13 an electrical signal can be generated when the reflecton is detected 1st. 27 · Device according to claim 26, characterized in that du3 one multiple signals as a result of the passage of several floors memory accumulating by the target area is provided and the memory signals can be called up by him on request. 28. Procedure for indicating the passage of an artillery shell by one of several target areas in the air, characterized in that the target areas scanned by one or more light beams "that a light beam hits a projectile" which flies through one of the target areas, and that the reflection of one light beam is detected and the area of origin the reflection is determined " 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz - 25 - 29 · The method according to claim 28, characterized in that daQ al · Target areas can only be scanned with a light beam and this scanning beam is generated such that a moving reflector is illuminated by a light source. J0 # method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that that the light beam reflected by the projectile is essentially along the axis of the light beam impinging on the projectile is reflected. JH. Method according to claim 29 or JO, characterized in that that when the reflection is detected an electrical reflection signal and in addition, a reference signal corresponding to the respective scanned area is continuously generated and that the electrical reflection signals with the electrical reference signal is brought into relation in such a way that an indication of the area of origin of the reflection and thus of the dated Projectile hit scanning area is achievable. 52. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that the information of a display device resulting from the relationship between the reflection signal and the reference signal forwarded and from this ala hit information for the concerned Target area can be read 1st. Device for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 28-32, characterized in that it has a scanning device for scanning the target areas by means of a light beam or several light beams 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honice & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 - 26 - in such a way that through one of the light beams a one of the target areas can be detected by the projectile passing through the target area « and there is a measuring element for determining a reflection at The light beam hits the projectile and is intended to determine the area of origin of the reflection. Device according to claim 33 * characterized by » that the scanning device has a movable reflector " 35 · Device according to claim 23 or J> k _t, characterized in that all target areas can be scanned with a single scanning beam. 36. Device according to claim 35 »characterized in that that an arrangement generating an electrical signal when the reflection is detected, furthermore a continuously one respective scanning area corresponding reference signal emitting device and the electrical reflection signal related to the electrical reference signal and thereby an indication of what was struck by the projectile Target area resulting arrangement is provided. 37 · Device according to claim 36 »characterized» that a number of actuatable by the electrical reference signal, each representing one of the target areas electronic gates is provided »each of these gates opened when scanning its associated target area 1st »and that an arrangement is provided by means of which the electrical reflection signal feeds the gates in such a way 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 - 27 - bar let »that when this signal passes through one of the Gate an indication of which target area is achievable the bullet has flown through 28 »Device according to claim 27 '» characterized in that it has a transmitter and through this the electrical signals can be transmitted to a receiver after passing the gates and coding by means of an encoder device, which has a corresponding decoding device and a display device indicating the number of hits in each of the target areas having· 29 # Device according to claim 27, characterized in that that they have an arrangement for generating a further electrical signal of known amplitude and duration upon receipt of the electrical signal Reflektlonssignalea has and that by the signal generated in this way, the passage of a projectile through the Display device indicating the target area can be actuated. 40. Apparatus according to claim 39 »characterized in that dafi the further electrical signal in a selected one Orösbereioh lies. 41 · Device according to claim 24, characterized in that the one with the reflector a disk moving with it is connected and are arranged on it arrangements for outputting reference signals and that an arrangement for recording this electrical reference signal is provided. 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz 3 -28- 42 · Device according to claim 41 «characterized« that the arrangement for generating the reference signals from a Number of holes arranged near the edge of the disc » Device according to claim 41, characterized in that » that the arrangement for generating the reference signals magnetic records on the disc 44 · Can be used as a radiator in the device according to claim 16 Lens, characterized in that it consists of a translucent plate alt two essentially straight converging edges and, in addition to the tip delimited by these edges, has a part »through which an Let light incident on the lens at this point be divergent, and that the straight edges are designed in such a way that that through them the light can be reflected into the plate »so that a fan-shaped beam of light with one of the rectilinear ones Lens edges included angle corresponding angle can be generated 1st. Lens according to claim 44 «characterized« in that it consists of a triangular plate made of translucent material and at one point of the triangle has a part « by means of which at this point the light penetrating the lens is divergent and that the light is divergent to this part subsequent rare edges of the triangular plate are formed from «that the diverging light rays from them Are reflective in the plate. 209837/0696 Andrejewski, Honke & Gesthuysen, patent attorneys, 4300 Essen, Theaterplatz - 29 - 46. Lens according to Claim 44 or 45, characterized in that that the reflective side edges have a mirror coating. 47 · Lens according to one of claims 44 - 46, characterized in that d * Ö of the lenses * diverging the incident light part consists of a part-cylindrical recess. 48 · Scanning device for use in the device according to FIG Claim 17, characterized in that it has a movable reflective surface. 4.9 * Scanning device according to Anepruoh 48, characterized in that that it has an arrangement for continuously indicating the angle between the scanning beam and a reference line. Patent attorney. 209837/0696