EP0416253B1 - Light - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP0416253B1 EP0416253B1 EP90113634A EP90113634A EP0416253B1 EP 0416253 B1 EP0416253 B1 EP 0416253B1 EP 90113634 A EP90113634 A EP 90113634A EP 90113634 A EP90113634 A EP 90113634A EP 0416253 B1 EP0416253 B1 EP 0416253B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- emitting diodes
- projector according
- reflecting layer
- front face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/615—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings illuminated
- E01F9/617—Illuminated or wired-up posts, bollards, pillars or like upstanding bodies or structures for traffic guidance, warning or control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/147—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device
- F21S41/148—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device the main emission direction of the LED being perpendicular to the optical axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/151—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/24—Light guides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S43/235—Light guides
- F21S43/236—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
- F21S43/239—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide plate-shaped
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S43/235—Light guides
- F21S43/242—Light guides characterised by the emission area
- F21S43/245—Light guides characterised by the emission area emitting light from one or more of its major surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S43/235—Light guides
- F21S43/249—Light guides with two or more light sources being coupled into the light guide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
- F21S45/30—Ventilation or drainage of lighting devices
- F21S45/37—Ventilation or drainage of lighting devices specially adapted for signal lamps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
- F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
- F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
- F21V29/505—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0025—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
- F21V7/0033—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2111/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
- F21W2111/02—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for roads, paths or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
- F21Y2103/30—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved
- F21Y2103/33—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved annular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
Definitions
- the invention relates to a light emitter, such as a headlight, a signal emitter, a lighting fixture or the like, with a light-emitting emitter element, in the peripheral surfaces of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes is embedded, these surfaces being provided with a reflective layer.
- a light emitter such as a headlight, a signal emitter, a lighting fixture or the like
- a light-emitting emitter element in the peripheral surfaces of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes is embedded, these surfaces being provided with a reflective layer.
- light emitters can also be used as motor vehicle lights, in which conventional emitter elements, such as spatially separated, on the peripheral surfaces of an emitter element Light bulbs or fluorescent tubes are arranged. The light losses when entering the emitter element are so great that it would not be possible to implement them with light-emitting diodes. In addition, only known light from a single color can be emitted.
- the light emitter surface Due to the lateral discharge of the electrical leads to the individual light-emitting diodes, such a flat arrangement is possible that such light emitters can be attached to the outside of the body of a motor vehicle without problems, for example, and thus require practically no space. Due to the uniform distribution on the circumferential surfaces, the light emitter surface is illuminated very evenly, the light being completely emitted to the front due to the completely reflective layer on the back. A further reflective layer prevents light from escaping from the peripheral surfaces.
- the differently colored light-emitting diodes enable a specific desired light color to be specified by only switching on those light-emitting diodes which have this light color, or different-colored light-emitting diodes which achieve the desired color or mixed color in combination. For example, red, green and blue LEDs can be used to generate white light. Different color LEDs can be used Effects and possible uses of a light emitter are opened without the diodes themselves being visible, so that the radiation surface always has a uniform, uniform color.
- the front side is provided with a reflective layer in the area on the edge which has the light-emitting diodes.
- the light can only reach the central region of the emitter element in order to be emitted to the front from there.
- the front side and / or the peripheral surfaces and / or the rear side of the radiating element advantageously have a shape that bundles the light.
- the front is preferably convex, and / or the rear is conically shaped inwards, and / or the peripheral surfaces have a substantially concave cross section.
- the front, the peripheral surfaces and / or the back of the emitter element are provided with elevations or depressions that focus the light.
- the choice of means depends not least on whether the light should be emitted essentially in parallel or in a desired cone.
- the individual measures can have an additive or complementary effect.
- the shape of the emitter element also specifies the directional characteristic of the light, which means that the reflective layer or the reflective coating on the back replaces a separate directional reflector and a separate radiation optics.
- the reflective layer is vapor-deposited, glued on or applied galvanically in a simple and inexpensive manner.
- the reflective layer can also expediently be connected to a heat sink.
- the emitter element can be designed as a plastic body in the form of a motor vehicle rear light, in which brake light, reversing light and / or turn signal functions are also included.
- Different light-emitting diodes can be used to generate red, yellow or white light, depending on which function is required at the moment. Is the strah element as a motor vehicle headlight, for. B. trained as a parking light, so of course only the white color or z. B.
- An expedient embodiment also lies in the training as a construction site warning light, the light-emitting diodes being operated in pulsed operation at increased output. In pulse mode, the LEDs can be operated at up to ten times the current strength.
- a headlight consists essentially of a translucent radiating element 10 which is produced as a round plate made of glass or transparent plastic material such as acrylic glass. The material can also contain fluorescent particles. While the back 11 of the radiator element is flat, the front 12 is convex in the manner of a converging lens. Twelve light-emitting diodes 14 are inserted into the corresponding insertion openings at regular intervals in the peripheral surface 13 of the emitter element 10. This number is of course arbitrary and depends on the desired amount of light to be achieved. In the case of a headlight, the arrangement can be even more dense than, for example, in the case of a rear light of a motor vehicle. The rear side 11, the surface 13 and a strip-shaped region 15 of the front side 12 covering the light-emitting diodes 14 to the front are provided with an inwardly reflecting layer 16.
- This layer can be vapor-deposited, glued on or applied galvanically, so that the corresponding surfaces are mirrored in such a way that all the light is reflected on it and reflected back into the interior.
- the emitted light is bundled.
- the shape of the front can vary, e.g. depending on the desired beam angle.
- the rear side 17 of a radiator element 18 is conically shaped inwards, with the circular cross section of the radiator element 18 essentially creating a circular cone with immersed side surfaces in the horizontal plane.
- the light-emitting diodes 14 are arranged distributed over the circumference, in each case at the focal point of the reflector which is parabolic or elliptical in cross section and formed by the rear side 17. As shown schematically by light arrows, an essentially parallel light emission can be achieved in this way.
- the radiator element 18 not only specifies the shape of the reflector, but is also a light guide element and holder for the light-emitting diodes 14.
- the rear side 17 is provided with annular heat sinks 19 which fit into the conical indentation the back 17 are fitted.
- annular heat sinks 19 can be used instead of annular heat sinks, which may possibly protrude beyond the conical indentation. Since light-emitting diodes have a very high luminous efficacy and relatively little heating, such heat sinks 19 are only required if the light-emitting diodes are arranged very densely and if the light-emitting diodes are very powerful.
- Combinations of the two exemplary embodiments with regard to the shape of the front and back of the emitter element are also possible, alternative shapes of the cross-sectional shape also being possible, depending on the manner in which the light is to be focused. With rectangular or oval light emitters and with light emitters with a different horizontal cross-sectional shape, variations in the shape of the front and back may be necessary.
- the surface areas can also have a shape which differs from the exemplary embodiments in order to support the bundling of light and, for example, have a concave cross section in order to support the light radiation into the center of the emitter element.
- such light sources can also be used for other signal or lighting functions, for example for motor vehicle rear light combinations, that is to say combinations of rear light, brake light, reversing light and / or turn signals.
- This can be executed separately, but can also be integrated in a light emitter.
- Different colored light-emitting diodes are used to generate the different light colors required for this. Red LEDs are used for the rear light and brake light function and yellow LEDs for the turn signal function.
- a different number of light-emitting diodes can be activated to generate different brightnesses for the brake light and the rear light.
- red, green and blue light-emitting diodes can be switched on at the same time, the light colors of which then add up to white light. If white LEDs are available, you can of course also use them directly. Furthermore, it is also possible to use other lighting elements that have comparable properties.
- Light emitters with different colored light-emitting diodes can also be used to illuminate objects in advertising, in the show business, in the entertainment industry or the like. be used. Different lighting effects can be created with a single headlight.
- the light-emitting diodes can also be used for special applications in pulse mode, for example for construction site lighting.
- yellow light-emitting diodes are preferably used, it being possible to use up to twenty times the current intensity in the pulse mode in order to generate light flashes. Due to the low power consumption of light emitting diodes very small energy storage devices can be used on construction sites.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lichtstrahler, wie einen Scheinwerfer, einen Signalstrahler, einen Beleuchtungskörper oder dergleichen, mit einem lichtdurchlässigen Strahlerelement, in dessen umfangsseitigen Flächen eine Vielzahl von Leuchtdioden eingelassen ist, wobei diese Flächen mit einer reflektierenden Schicht versehen sind.The invention relates to a light emitter, such as a headlight, a signal emitter, a lighting fixture or the like, with a light-emitting emitter element, in the peripheral surfaces of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes is embedded, these surfaces being provided with a reflective layer.
Aus der DE-OS 38 25 436 ist es bekannt, Lichtleitplatten randseitig mit Leuchtdioden zu versehen, wobei das Licht an rückseitig aufgeklebten Anzeigesymbolen austritt und diese beleuchtet. Das Licht der Leuchtdioden dient somit lediglich zum Beleuchten der Anzeigesymbole, so daß die gesamte Anordnung nicht als Lichtstrahler, z. B. Scheinwerfer zur Beleuchtung von Gegenständen, verwendet werden kann.From DE-OS 38 25 436 it is known to provide light guide plates with light-emitting diodes on the edge, the light emerging from display symbols stuck on the back and illuminating them. The light of the light-emitting diodes is therefore only used to illuminate the display symbols, so that the entire arrangement is not used as a light emitter, e.g. B. headlights for illuminating objects can be used.
Herkömmliche Scheinwerfer, Rückstrahler oder dergleichen weisen eine Glühbirne im Brennpunkt eines Reflektors auf. Der Nachteil derartiger Lichtstrahler besteht darin, daß sie eine große Einbautiefe benötigen, was vor allem bei engen Platzverhältnissen in Kraftfahrzeugen ein Nachteil sein kann. Durch die schlechte Lichtausbeute von Glühbirnen treten hohe Temperaturen auf, die eine entsprechende, die Ableitung von Wärme gewährleistende Konstruktion erforderlich machen. Bei einem Defekt der Glühbirne verliert der Lichtstrahler vollständig seine Funktion, so daß insbesondere bei wichtigen Funktionen, wie Scheinwerfern und Rücklichtern, ein sofortiger Ersatz erforderlich ist. Dennoch kann ein solcher Defekt zu Gefahrensituationen führen.Conventional headlights, reflectors or the like have a light bulb in the focal point of a reflector. The disadvantage of such light emitters is that they require a large installation depth, which can be a disadvantage, especially when space is limited in motor vehicles. Due to the poor luminous efficacy of light bulbs, high temperatures occur, which necessitate a corresponding construction that ensures the dissipation of heat. At a If the light bulb is defective, the light emitter completely loses its function, so that an immediate replacement is required, particularly for important functions such as headlights and taillights. However, such a defect can lead to dangerous situations.
Aus der DE-A-35 42 292 oder der FR-A-20 49 387 oder der FR-A-15 99 621 sind beispielsweise auch als Kraftfahrzeugleuchten einsetzbare Lichtstrahler bekannt, bei denen an den umfangsseitigen Flächen eines Strahlerelements räumlich getrennt herkömmliche Strahlerelemente, wie Glühbirnen oder Leuchtröhren angeordnet sind. Die Lichtverluste beim Eintritt in das Strahlerelement sind dabei so groß, daß eine Realisierung mit Leuchtdioden nicht möglich wäre. Darüber hinaus kann bei bekannten Strahlern nur Licht einer einzigen Farbe abgestrahlt werden.From DE-A-35 42 292 or FR-A-20 49 387 or FR-A-15 99 621, for example, light emitters can also be used as motor vehicle lights, in which conventional emitter elements, such as spatially separated, on the peripheral surfaces of an emitter element Light bulbs or fluorescent tubes are arranged. The light losses when entering the emitter element are so great that it would not be possible to implement them with light-emitting diodes. In addition, only known light from a single color can be emitted.
Aus der GB-A-21 39 340 ist es bekannt, zur Realisierung eines Kraftfahrzeug-Rücklichts eine Vielzahl von Leuchtdioden auf einer Fläche anzuordnen. Hierbei tritt der Nachteil auf, daß anstelle einer homogenen Leuchtfläche eine Summe von Lichtpunkten in Erscheinung tritt.From GB-A-21 39 340 it is known to arrange a plurality of light-emitting diodes on one surface in order to implement a motor vehicle rear light. The disadvantage here is that a sum of light points appears instead of a homogeneous luminous surface.
Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, einen Lichtstrahler der eingangs genannten Gattung zur Abstrahlung von verschiedenfarbigem Licht zu schaffen, der eine hohe Lichtausbeute bei relativ gleichmäßiger Lichtverteilung bei jeweils einheitlicher Farbe bietet.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a light emitter of the type mentioned at the outset for emitting different-colored light, which offers a high luminous efficacy with a relatively uniform light distribution with a uniform color in each case.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die Vielzahl von Leuchtelementen, die vorzugsweise als Leuchtdioden ausgebildet sind, wirkt sich der Defekt einer einzelnen Leuchtdiode nur unwesentlich aus, so daß keine Sicherheitsprobleme entstehen und ein sofortiger Ersatz nicht erforderlich ist. An den umfangsseitigen Flächen läßt sich eine sehr große Zahl von Leuchtdioden anordnen, so daß insbesondere bei Verwendung von modernen Hochleistungsdioden eine so große Lichtmenge erzeugt werden kann, daß die Verwendung als Scheinwerfer, Rücklicht oder dergleichen möglich ist. Durch die seitliche Abführung der elektrischen Zuleitungen zu den einzelnen Leuchtdioden ist eine so flache Anordnung möglich, daß derartige Lichtstrahler ohne Probleme beispielsweise außen an der Karosserie eines Kraftfahrzeugs angebracht werden können und dadurch praktisch keinen Platz benötigen. Durch die gleichmäßige Verteilung an den Umfangsflächen wird die Lichtstrahlerfläche sehr gleichmäßig beleuchtet, wobei das Licht infolge der vollständig reflektierenden Schicht an der Rückseite vollständig nach vorne abgestrahlt wird. Ein Lichtaustritt an den umfangsseitigen Flächen wird durch eine weitere reflektierende Schicht verhindert. Die verschiedenfarbigen Leuchtdioden ermöglichen die Vorgabe einer bestimmten gewünschten Lichtfarbe, in dem jeweils nur diejenigen Leuchtdioden eingeschaltet werden, die diese Lichtfarbe aufweisen, oder es werden verschiedenfarbige Leuchtdioden eingeschaltet, die in Kombination die gewünschte Farbe bzw. Mischfarbe erzielen. Beispielsweise können so rote, grüne und blaue Leuchtdioden zur Erzeugung von weißem Licht eingesetzt werden. Mit Leuchtdioden verschiedener Farbe können somit verschiedene Effekte und Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Lichtstrahlers eröffnet werden, ohne daß die Dioden selbst zu sehen sind, so daß die Abstrahlfläche immer eine gleichmäßige einheitliche Farbe besitzt.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Due to the large number of light-emitting elements, which are preferably designed as light-emitting diodes, the defect of an individual light-emitting diode has only an insignificant effect, so that no safety problems arise and immediate replacement is not necessary. A very large number of light-emitting diodes can be arranged on the peripheral surfaces, so that, in particular when using modern high-performance diodes, such a large amount of light can be generated that use as headlights, rear lights or the like is possible. Due to the lateral discharge of the electrical leads to the individual light-emitting diodes, such a flat arrangement is possible that such light emitters can be attached to the outside of the body of a motor vehicle without problems, for example, and thus require practically no space. Due to the uniform distribution on the circumferential surfaces, the light emitter surface is illuminated very evenly, the light being completely emitted to the front due to the completely reflective layer on the back. A further reflective layer prevents light from escaping from the peripheral surfaces. The differently colored light-emitting diodes enable a specific desired light color to be specified by only switching on those light-emitting diodes which have this light color, or different-colored light-emitting diodes which achieve the desired color or mixed color in combination. For example, red, green and blue LEDs can be used to generate white light. Different color LEDs can be used Effects and possible uses of a light emitter are opened without the diodes themselves being visible, so that the radiation surface always has a uniform, uniform color.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Lichtstrahlers möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the light emitter specified in claim 1 are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.
Eine noch gleichmäßigere Lichtverteilung wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Vorderseite im randseitigen, die Leuchtdioden aufweisenden Bereich mit einer reflektierenden Schicht versehen ist. Hierdurch kann das Licht nur zum mittleren Bereich des Strahlerelements gelangen, um von dort nach vorne abgestrahlt zu werden. Um insbesondere bei Scheinwerfern, Rückstrahlern oder dergleichen eine Lichtbündelung und eine Richtcharakteristik zu erreichen, weisen in vorteilhafter Weise die Vorderseite und/oder die umfangsseitigen Flächen und/oder die Rückseite des Strahlerelements eine das Licht bündelnde Gestalt auf. Hierzu ist vorzugsweise die Vorderseite konvex ausgebildet, und/oder die Rückseite ist kegelig nach innen eingeformt, und/oder die umfangsseitigen Flächen weisen einen im wesentlichen konkaven Querschnitt auf. Eine weitere zweckmässige Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß die Vorderseite, die umfangsseitige Flächen und/oder die Rückseite des Strahlerelements mit das Licht bündelnden Erhebungen oder Vertiefungen versehen sind. Die Wahl der Mittel hängt nicht zuletzt davon ab, ob das Licht im wesentlichen parallel oder in einem gewünschten Kegel abgestrahlt werden soll. Die einzelnen Maßnahmen können dabei addierend oder ergänzend wirken. Das Strahlerelement gibt dadurch noch zusätzlich durch seine Form die Richtcharakteristik des Lichts vor, das heißt, die reflektierende Schicht bzw. die Verspiegelung an der Rückseite ersetzt einen gesonderten Richtreflektor und eine gesonderte Abstrahloptik.An even more uniform light distribution is achieved in that the front side is provided with a reflective layer in the area on the edge which has the light-emitting diodes. As a result, the light can only reach the central region of the emitter element in order to be emitted to the front from there. In order to achieve light bundling and a directional characteristic, in particular in the case of headlights, reflectors or the like, the front side and / or the peripheral surfaces and / or the rear side of the radiating element advantageously have a shape that bundles the light. For this purpose, the front is preferably convex, and / or the rear is conically shaped inwards, and / or the peripheral surfaces have a substantially concave cross section. Another useful possibility is that the front, the peripheral surfaces and / or the back of the emitter element are provided with elevations or depressions that focus the light. The choice of means depends not least on whether the light should be emitted essentially in parallel or in a desired cone. The individual measures can have an additive or complementary effect. The shape of the emitter element also specifies the directional characteristic of the light, which means that the reflective layer or the reflective coating on the back replaces a separate directional reflector and a separate radiation optics.
Die reflektierende Schicht wird in einfacher und kostengünstiger Weise aufgedampft, aufgeklebt oder galvanisch aufgebracht. Bei einer sehr großen Lichtmenge, das heißt bei einer sehr großen Anzahl sehr leistungsfähiger Leuchtdioden, kann die reflektierende Schicht auch zweckmäßigerweise mit einem Kühlkörper verbunden sein. Beispielsweise kann das Strahlerelement als Kunststoffkörper in Form eines Kraftfahrzeug-Rücklichts ausgebildet werden, indem zusätzlich Bremslicht-, Rückfahrlicht- und/oder Blinkerfunktionen enthalten sind. Durch verschiedene Leuchtdioden kann so wahlweise rotes, gelbes oder weißes Licht erzeugt werden, je nachdem, welche Funktion im Augenblick erforderlich ist. Ist das Straherelement als Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer, z. B. als Standlicht, ausgebildet, so ist selbstverständlich nur die weiße Farbe oder z. B. für französische Fahrzeuge nur die gelbe Farbe erforderlich. Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung liegt auch in der Ausbildung als Baustellenwarnlicht, wobei die Leuchtdioden bei erhöhter Leistung im Impulsbetrieb betrieben werden. Im Impulsbetrieb können die Leuchtdioden bei bis zu zehnfach erhöhter Stromstärke betrieben werden.The reflective layer is vapor-deposited, glued on or applied galvanically in a simple and inexpensive manner. With a very large amount of light, that is to say with a very large number of very powerful light-emitting diodes, the reflective layer can also expediently be connected to a heat sink. For example, the emitter element can be designed as a plastic body in the form of a motor vehicle rear light, in which brake light, reversing light and / or turn signal functions are also included. Different light-emitting diodes can be used to generate red, yellow or white light, depending on which function is required at the moment. Is the strah element as a motor vehicle headlight, for. B. trained as a parking light, so of course only the white color or z. B. for French vehicles only the yellow color is required. An expedient embodiment also lies in the training as a construction site warning light, the light-emitting diodes being operated in pulsed operation at increased output. In pulse mode, the LEDs can be operated at up to ten times the current strength.
Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- die Draufsicht auf einen als runden Scheinwerfer ausgebildeten Lichtstrahler,
- Fig. 2
- den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Scheinwerfer im Querschnitt und
- Fig. 3
- einen Querschnitt eines weiteren, als Scheinwerfer ausgebildeten Lichtstrahlers.
- Fig. 1
- the top view of a light emitter designed as a round headlight,
- Fig. 2
- the headlight shown in Fig. 1 in cross section and
- Fig. 3
- a cross section of another, designed as a headlamp.
Bei dem in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht ein Scheinwerfer im wesentlichen aus einem lichtdurchlässigen Strahlerelement 10, das als runde Platte aus Glas oder durchsichtigem Kunststoffmaterial wie Acrylglas hergestellt ist. Das Material kann auch fluoreszierende Partikel enthalten. Während die Rückseite 11 des Strahlerelements eben ausgebildet ist, ist die Vorderseite 12 konvex nach Art einer Sammellinse gestaltet. In die umfangsseitige Fläche 13 des Strahlerelements 10 sind in gleichmäßigen Abständen zwölf Leuchtdioden 14 in entsprechende Einsetzöffnungen eingesetzt. Diese Zahl ist selbstverständlich beliebig und hängt von der gewünschten zu erreichenden Lichtmenge ab. Bei einem Scheinwerfer kann die Anordnung noch wesentlich dichter sein, gegenüber beispielsweise bei einem Rücklicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Rückseite 11, die Fläche 13 sowie ein die Leuchtdioden 14 nach vorne abdeckender streifenförmiger Bereich 15 der Vorderseite 12 sind mit einer nach innen reflektierenden Schicht 16 versehen.In the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a headlight consists essentially of a translucent radiating
Diese Schicht kann aufgedampft, aufgeklebt oder galvanisch aufgebracht sein, so daß die entsprechenden Flächen so verspiegelt sind, daß das gesamte Licht daran reflektiert und wieder in den Innenraum zurückgeworfen wird.This layer can be vapor-deposited, glued on or applied galvanically, so that the corresponding surfaces are mirrored in such a way that all the light is reflected on it and reflected back into the interior.
Durch die konvex ausgebildete Vorderseite wird eine Bündelung des abgestrahlten Lichts erzielt. Je nach Art der gewünschten Lichtbündelung kann die Gestalt der Vorderseite variieren, z.B. in Abhängigkeit des gewünschten Abstrahlwinkels.Due to the convex front, the emitted light is bundled. Depending on the type of light bundle desired, the shape of the front can vary, e.g. depending on the desired beam angle.
Bei dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Rückseite 17 eines Strahlerelements 18 kegelig nach innen eingeformt, wobei infolge des runden Querschnitts des Strahlerelements 18 in der horizontalen Ebene im wesentlichen ein Kreiskegel mit eingebauchten Seitenflächen entsteht. Die Leuchtdioden 14 sind gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel über den Umfang verteilt angeordnet, und zwar jeweils im Brennpunkt des im Querschnitt parabel- oder ellipsenförmigen, durch die Rückseite 17 gebildeten Reflektors. Wie schematisch durch Lichtpfeile gezeigt, kann hierdurch eine im wesentlichen parallele Lichtabstrahlung erzielt werden. Das Strahlerelement 18 gibt dabei nicht nur die Reflektorform vor, sondern ist auch gleichzeitig Lichtführungselement und Halterung für die Leuchtdioden 14.In the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the
Um bei sehr hoher Lichtstärke eine Wärmeabführung zu erzielen, ist die Rückseite 17 mit ringförmigen Kühlkörpern 19 versehen, die in die kegelige Einformung an der Rückseite 17 eingepaßt sind. Auch hier können anstelle von ringförmigen Kühlkörpern selbstverständlich auch andere Kühlkörperformen treten, die gegebenenfalls über die kegelige Einformung hinaus überstehen können. Da Leuchtdioden eine sehr hohe Lichtausbeute und eine verhältnismäßig geringe Erwärmung aufweisen, sind derartige Kühlkörper 19 nur bei sehr dichter Anordnung der Leuchtdioden und bei sehr leistungsfähigen Leuchtdioden erforderlich.In order to achieve heat dissipation at very high light intensity, the
Kombinationen der beiden Ausführungsbeispiele im Hinblick auf die Form der Vorder- und Rückseite des Strahlerelements sind ebenfalls möglich, wobei auch alternative Formen der Querschnittsgestalt möglich sind, je nachdem, in welcher Weise die Lichtbündelung erfolgen soll. Bei rechteckigen oder ovalen Lichtstrahlern sowie bei Lichtstrahlern mit anderer horizontaler Querschnittsform können Variationen der Gestalt der Vorder- und Rückseite erforderlich sein. Auch die Flächenbereiche können zur Unterstützung der Lichtbündelung eine bezüglich der Ausführungsbeispiele abweichende Gestalt aufweisen und beispielweise einen konkaven Querschnitt aufweisen, um die Lichtabstrahlung ins Zentrum des Strahlerelements zu unterstützen.Combinations of the two exemplary embodiments with regard to the shape of the front and back of the emitter element are also possible, alternative shapes of the cross-sectional shape also being possible, depending on the manner in which the light is to be focused. With rectangular or oval light emitters and with light emitters with a different horizontal cross-sectional shape, variations in the shape of the front and back may be necessary. The surface areas can also have a shape which differs from the exemplary embodiments in order to support the bundling of light and, for example, have a concave cross section in order to support the light radiation into the center of the emitter element.
Neben der Ausbildung als Scheinwerfer, z.B. Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer oder -standlicht, können derartige Lichtstrahler auch für sonstige Signal- oder Beleuchtungsfunktionen verwendet werden, beispielsweise für Kraftfahrzeug-Rücklichtkombinationen, also Kombinationen von Rücklicht, Bremslicht, Rückfahrlicht und/oder Blinker. Diese können separat ausgeführt, jedoch auch in einem Lichtstrahler integriert sein. Zur Erzeugung der hierfür erforderlichen unterschiedlichen Lichtfarben sind verschiedenfarbige Leuchtdioden eingesetzt. So dienen rote Leuchtdioden für die Rücklicht- und Bremslichtfunktion und gelbe Leuchtdioden für die Blinkerfunktion. Zur Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Helligkeiten für Bremslicht und Rücklicht kann jeweils eine unterschiedliche Zahl von Leuchtdioden aktiviert werden. Zur Erzeugung von weißem Licht für den Rückfahrscheinwerfer können rote, grüne und blaue Leuchtdioden gleichzeitig eingeschaltet werden, deren Lichtfarben sich dann zu weißem Licht ergänzen. Falls weiße Leuchtdioden zur Verfügung stehen, können selbstverständlich auch direkt solche verwendet werden. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, andere Leuchtelemente zu verwenden, die vergleichbare Eigenschaften aufweisen.In addition to being designed as headlights, for example motor vehicle headlights or parking lights, such light sources can also be used for other signal or lighting functions, for example for motor vehicle rear light combinations, that is to say combinations of rear light, brake light, reversing light and / or turn signals. This can be executed separately, but can also be integrated in a light emitter. Different colored light-emitting diodes are used to generate the different light colors required for this. Red LEDs are used for the rear light and brake light function and yellow LEDs for the turn signal function. A different number of light-emitting diodes can be activated to generate different brightnesses for the brake light and the rear light. To generate white light for the reversing light, red, green and blue light-emitting diodes can be switched on at the same time, the light colors of which then add up to white light. If white LEDs are available, you can of course also use them directly. Furthermore, it is also possible to use other lighting elements that have comparable properties.
Lichtstrahler mit verschiedenfarbigen Leuchtdioden können auch zur Beleuchtung von Gegenständen in der Werbung, im Showgeschäft, in der Unterhaltungsindustrie od.dgl. eingesetzt werden. Durch einen einzigen Schweinwerfer lassen sich so verschiedenartige Lichteffekte herstellen.Light emitters with different colored light-emitting diodes can also be used to illuminate objects in advertising, in the show business, in the entertainment industry or the like. be used. Different lighting effects can be created with a single headlight.
Die Leuchtdioden können für Spezialanwendungen auch im Impulsbetrieb verwendet werden, z.B. für Baustellenbeleuchtungen. Hierzu werden vorzugsweise gelbe Leuchtdioden verwendet, wobei im Impulsbetrieb eine bis zu zwanzigfach höhere Stromstärke verwendet werden kann, um Lichtblitze zu erzeugen. Durch die geringe Stromaufnahme von Leuchtdioden können sehr kleine Energiespeicher an Baustellen eingesetzt werden.The light-emitting diodes can also be used for special applications in pulse mode, for example for construction site lighting. For this purpose, yellow light-emitting diodes are preferably used, it being possible to use up to twenty times the current intensity in the pulse mode in order to generate light flashes. Due to the low power consumption of light emitting diodes very small energy storage devices can be used on construction sites.
Anstelle homogen geformter Vorderseite, Fläche und Rückseite zur Lichtbündelung können auch einzelne Erhebungen oder Vertiefungen treten, deren Gestalt jeweils eine Lichtbündelung bewirkt, beispielsweise eine Vielzahl von Schrägflächen oder reflektorartigen Einzelelementen.Instead of homogeneously shaped front, surface and back for light bundling, individual elevations or depressions can also occur, the shape of which causes light bundling, for example a large number of inclined surfaces or reflector-like individual elements.
Claims (9)
- Light projector, e.g. floodlight, signal projector, light fitting or the like, with a transparent projecting element (10), in the circumferential areas (13) of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes (14) is installed, said areas being lined with a reflecting layer (16), characterized in that the front face (12) of the projecting element is designed as a radiating surface while the rear face (11, 17) is completely lined with an inward-reflecting layer (16), and in that light-emitting diodes (14) of various colours are provided to produce predetermined light colours, whereby light-emitting diodes of one colour only or light-emitting diodes of various colours simultaneously can be switched on as required.
- Light projector according to Claim 1, characterized in that red, green and blue light-emitting diodes (14) are provided to produce white light.
- Light projector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the front face (12) is lined with a reflecting layer (16) in the circumferential area (15) housing the light-emitting diodes.
- Light projector according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the front face (12) and/or the circumferential areas (13) and/or the rear face (11; 17) of the radiating element (10; 18) are designed to focus the light.
- Light projector according to Claim 4, characterized in that the front face (12) has a convex shape and/or the rear face (17) has a hollow conical shape, and/or that the front face and/or the circumferential areas and/or the rear face of the radiating element are provided with bumps or dents to focus the light, and/or that the circumferential areas have a substantially concave cross-section.
- Light projector according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflecting layer (16) is applied by metallization, bonding or electroplating.
- Light projector according to Claim 6, characterized in that the reflecting layer (16) is connected to a heat sink (19).
- Light projector according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is designed as a vehicle headlight or a plastic fitting in the form of a vehicle rear light, in particular as a combined brake light, reversing light and/or direction indicator.
- Light projector according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is designed as a warning light for building sites, the light-emitting diodes (14) being pulse-operated with increased output.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE3929955A DE3929955A1 (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1989-09-08 | LIGHT SPOTLIGHTS |
DE3929955 | 1989-09-08 |
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EP0416253A2 EP0416253A2 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
EP0416253A3 EP0416253A3 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
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-
1990
- 1990-07-17 ES ES90113634T patent/ES2071708T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-17 EP EP90113634A patent/EP0416253B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-17 DK DK90113634.1T patent/DK0416253T3/en active
- 1990-07-17 AT AT90113634T patent/ATE122771T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-17 DE DE59009086T patent/DE59009086D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-28 US US07/573,895 patent/US5136483A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
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DE10139812A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-27 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Interior/courtesy light for motor vehicles has two luminous devices emitting light with different spectral distribution and a reflector for bundling the light from these luminous devices. |
DE10140692A1 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-27 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Interior lighting unit for vehicle, using lamps of differing spectral emission, forms combined output using reflector and optical guide |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0416253T3 (en) | 1995-07-10 |
EP0416253A3 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
EP0416253A2 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
ATE122771T1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
DE59009086D1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
DE3929955A1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
ES2071708T3 (en) | 1995-07-01 |
US5136483A (en) | 1992-08-04 |
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