EP0405189B1 - Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement - Google Patents

Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0405189B1
EP0405189B1 EP90110570A EP90110570A EP0405189B1 EP 0405189 B1 EP0405189 B1 EP 0405189B1 EP 90110570 A EP90110570 A EP 90110570A EP 90110570 A EP90110570 A EP 90110570A EP 0405189 B1 EP0405189 B1 EP 0405189B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
positioning device
armature
electromagnetic positioning
spring
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90110570A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0405189A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr.-Ing. Kreuter
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Scheidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FEV Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
FEV Motorentechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FEV Motorentechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical FEV Motorentechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT90110570T priority Critical patent/ATE95278T1/de
Publication of EP0405189A1 publication Critical patent/EP0405189A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0405189B1 publication Critical patent/EP0405189B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetically operating actuating device for at least one oscillating movable control element for displacement machines, in particular flat slide valves and globe valves, with two switching electromagnets, which define the open and the closed switching position of at least one control element, with one arranged between the two electromagnets, the position of the Control element determining armature with a spring system for oscillating force transmission to the armature between the open and closed switching positions defining a working stroke, the location of the equilibrium position of the armature between the two switching positions and the working stroke of the control element by changing the position of the pole face of an electromagnet and the base point at least one spring of the spring system can be varied, and with a switching system for changing the position of the pole face of one of the electromagnets and for simultaneous Changing the base point of at least one spring of the spring system in such a way that the center of oscillation of the spring system is shifted to a different equilibrium position in the area in the middle between the moved and the unmoved electromagnet.
  • the control element of a displacement machine is held in the closed state by a compression spring in an actuating device of the type listed.
  • Another compression spring acts on a magnet armature interacting with the control element, so that the equilibrium position of the spring system lies in the middle or near the middle between the end positions of the movement of the magnet armature.
  • the end positions of the armature movement are each on an electrically operated working magnet.
  • one working magnet is energized and the other switched off. Due to the force of the preloaded spring, the When released, the anchor accelerates to the equilibrium position and decelerates on its further path due to the counteracting force of the other spring. Due to friction, the armature cannot reach the opposite end position. On the missing remaining path, the armature is attracted by the tensile force of the working magnet.
  • this system achieves a significant reduction in the electrical energy to be supplied and in size. Due to the smaller air gap to be bridged, the radial dimension of the winding window can be kept small. This is particularly important with regard to the use of the actuating device on displacement machines.
  • the working stroke of such an actuating device is dimensioned such that a sufficient opening cross-section is available for the largest mass flow occurring at the control element of a displacement machine and thus throttling is avoided.
  • the present invention has for its object that the switchover can take place in an internal combustion engine in a period of time that is significantly shorter than the time for one cycle of the internal combustion engine.
  • the possibility of saving energy with a small stroke while maintaining the waste times should be used in a targeted manner.
  • the switching system is a magnetic switching system and means are available for simultaneously setting the armature decay time by changing the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit of one or both electromagnets.
  • the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit of one or both working magnets when changing the working stroke of the actuating device can be changed with the aim of keeping the waste delay time constant.
  • both the adjustment of the magnetic resistance and the adjustment of the working magnet associated with the open position and the spring base point are carried out by a common electromagnetic switching system in one direction and by prestressed springs in the opposite direction.
  • the design of the switching system and the springs is selected according to further features of the invention so that after the electromagnetic switching system is switched off, the adjustable components move automatically into one of the end positions, these end positions are either the position of largest working strokes or the position of smallest working strokes of a displacement machine.
  • control element can be actuated via a transmission element, in particular a rocker arm or rocker arm.
  • the movement of the switching system is braked in the vicinity of one or both end positions according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Kinetic energy can be extracted from the oscillating magnet armature of the actuating device in the vicinity of the end positions by compressing a compressible fluid.
  • the electromagnetic switching system can contain a permanent magnet, which ensures that the armature of the switching system remains in the attracted position.
  • a hydraulic length compensation element can be used to compensate for changes in length that occur during operation of the adjusting device.
  • this component can be arranged at various positions within the actuating device, in particular in the magnet armature or between the working magnet assigned to the closed position and the housing.
  • one or both working magnets can be equipped with a permanent magnet.
  • the arrangement of the component influencing the magnetic resistance is chosen according to a further embodiment of the invention so that the component moved relative to the working magnet counter a prestressing force can be shifted within narrow limits and thus changes in length can be compensated for or the setting during assembly is simplified.
  • the prestressing force is applied by a resilient element.
  • an advantage that can be achieved with the invention is in particular that all the components that are to be changed in their position during a working stroke adjustment of an actuating device can be adjusted together.
  • the switching time that can be achieved is significantly less than the time available for one cycle cycle of a displacement machine. This enables digital control of the actuating device.
  • the assignment of a separate switching system to each actuating device also allows free arrangement of the actuating devices in a multi-cylinder displacement machine. By setting different magnetic resistances in the switching positions, it is possible to operate the actuating devices in the different switching positions with unchanged control signals.
  • the described damping of the movement, the hydraulic length compensation and the use of permanent magnets reduce energy consumption, damping and hydraulic length compensation also improve the running behavior.
  • the displaceable design of the component influencing the magnetic resistance brings about a reduction in the accuracy requirements during manufacture and adjustment.
  • Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section an embodiment of the device according to the invention with an electromagnetic switching system for changing the working stroke.
  • the switching system is shown in the switched off state and is in the position small working strokes.
  • the control valve of a displacement machine is closed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of Fig. 1 in the switched-on state of the switching system and thus in the position of a large working stroke.
  • the control valve of the displacement machine is closed.
  • FIG 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with damping of the armature movement, hydraulic length compensation and with a permanent magnet in the working magnet assigned to the closed position, the component which adjusts the magnetic resistance being designed to be displaceable.
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 corresponding to the bordered part with the reference symbol Z.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment with permanent magnets arranged in the switching system.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a device for damping the movement of the switching system by compressing air.
  • Fig. 7-13 show different design options for setting the magnetic resistance of a working magnet.
  • Fig. 14-17 show possibilities of arranging the switching system for adjusting the opening working magnet.
  • FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the device with a control element actuated via a rocker arm.
  • the working magnet 1 shows an example of an electromagnetic actuating device with working magnets 1 and 2, windings 3 and 4 and armature 5.
  • the working magnet 1 is supported by a sleeve 6 in the housing 7 and screwed to the housing 7 via the collar 8.
  • the working magnet 1 forms a unit with a fixed yoke 9 of the switching system.
  • a movable armature 10 of the electromagnetic switching system acts via an adjustable adjusting screw 11 on a spring 12 which is supported on the plate of the armature 5.
  • the armature 10 is connected via a connecting bolt 13 to the working magnet 2, which is guided axially displaceably in the sleeve 6.
  • the stop via which the position of the working magnet 2 and thus the working stroke is set in the system shown, forms a fastening ear 14 which is pressed against the lower edge of the sleeve 6 by the force of the prestressed spring 12.
  • the working magnet 2 is dimensioned on its underside in such a way that the cross-sectional area 16 available to the magnetic flux between the winding 4 and the underside is significantly smaller than the other cross-sectional areas of the magnetic circuit and thus an increase in the magnetic resistance even when the magnetic circuit is operated at a medium level he follows.
  • a soft iron disk 17 is pressed in the housing 7 by the biasing force of a spring 24 against a stop 25.
  • the attracted position of the armature 10 against the yoke 9 represents the stop for the position of the switching system shown in FIG. 2.
  • the disk 17 expands the cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit in this position and thus reduces the magnetic resistance in the working magnet 2.
  • the disk 17 is moved by the working magnet 2 against the force of the prestressed spring 24 by a small distance from the stop 25, and thus a secure support of the working magnet 2 on the disk 17 is ensured.
  • the control element connected to shaft 19, for example a control valve of an internal combustion engine is opened by half its stroke.
  • the armature 5 is brought into contact with the magnet 1, it is held there by exciting the winding 3.
  • the control element is in the closed position.
  • the current in winding 3 is then switched off, as a result of which, after a period of time, which will be called the fall time in the following, the armature 5 separates from the magnet 1 and moves toward the magnet 2 beyond the equilibrium position.
  • the winding 4 of the magnet 2 is energized in time, so that the armature 5 is pulled onto the magnet 2 due to the acting magnetic force and is held there.
  • the return movement is analogous. This process applies to both possible working strokes.
  • FIG. 3 shows an actuating device which, in addition to the features described above, contains damping of the movement of the armature 5.
  • the armature 5 forms with its outer edge 26 a sealing gap to the sleeve 6.
  • the sleeve 6 is provided with a recess 27, via which the air can flow out of the volume above the armature into the volume located below the armature .
  • the outer edge 26 leaves the upper edge 24 of the recess 27, and the armature 5 compresses the air remaining in the upper volume.
  • the force thus generated dampens an acceleration of the armature 5, which would otherwise occur due to the tensile force that increases sharply progressively in the vicinity of the magnet 1.
  • the adjusting device can also contain a hydraulic length compensation element 28 which is supported in the armature 5 and acts on the shaft 19 of the control element.
  • the length compensation element 28 can be supplied with pressure oil via the armature 5.
  • a permanent magnet 29 can be arranged in the working magnet 1. It enables the armature 5 to be held in the winding 3 without current flow, and it supports the pulling of the armature 5. Therefore, the winding 3 can be operated with a lower current level compared to a design without permanent magnets in terms of the energy to be used for the tightening.
  • the winding 3 is operated with the polarity of the direct current reversed with respect to the tightening process. The excited field counteracts the field of the permanent magnet 29, and the force acting on the armature 5 decreases until the force of the tensioned spring 12 prevails and initiates the movement.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electromagnetic switching system consisting of the yoke 9 and the armature 10 with a permanent magnet 30.
  • the winding 15 is excited to attract the armature 10 to the yoke 9.
  • the winding 15 can be switched off.
  • the winding 15 is excited with reverse polarity of the direct current.
  • FIG. 6 shows an arrangement for damping the switching movement of the switching system in the direction of movement from a small working stroke to a large working stroke.
  • the soft magnetic disk 17 is provided on the inner edge with a sleeve 41 which forms a sealing gap towards the working magnet 2.
  • the sleeve 41 contains openings 42 which, when the working magnet 2 moves and thus reduces the space 43, allow the air to flow out until the working magnet 2 in the vicinity of the disk 17 closes the openings and the remaining air is compressed.
  • the pressure increase in space 43 results in a damping force.
  • FIGS. 7-13 show further exemplary embodiments for changing the magnetic resistance of a working magnet. What is important for the correct functioning of the actuating device is the exact reproducibility of the contact between the working magnet in question and the soft iron disk, which are identified by reference numerals 31 and 32 in the figures mentioned. Even slight differences in the air gap between these components can change the waste times.
  • Conical designs according to FIGS. 8 and 13 allow self-centering, flat horizontal designs according to FIG. 7 are easy to manufacture, vertical arrangements according to FIGS. 9 and 10 result in a constant radial gap, while design with pins 33 according to FIGS. 11 and 12 due to the large number of elements are not susceptible to inaccuracies in the manufacture of individual fits.
  • FIGS. 14 to 17 show alternatives to the embodiment of the adjusting device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the actuating device is shown in simplified form, and it essentially contains an upper spring 50, working magnets 51 and 52, a lower spring 53 and the electromagnetic switching system 55.
  • FIG. 18 shows a simplified representation of an embodiment of the actuating device with working magnets 60 and 61, armature 62, springs 63 and 64, rocker arm 65 and control valve 66.
  • An electromagnetic switching system 67 moves the magnet 60 and the spring 63 via rods 68.
  • the springs 63 and Taking into account the gear ratio, 64 each have half the total spring stiffness of the vibrating system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif de positionnement fonctionnant par voie électromagnétique pour au moins un élément de distribution (19, 20) susceptible d'être animé d'un mouvement oscillant et destiné à des machines à déplacement ou volumétriques, en particulier pour tiroirs plans et soupapes à mouvements alternatifs, dispositif qui comprend deux électroaimants de commutation ou de changement de position (1, 2) qui définissent la position ouverte et la position fermée d'au moins un élément de distribution (19, 20), qui comprend une armature (5) disposée entre les deux électroaimants (1, 2) et déterminant la position de l'élément de distribution (19, 20), avec un système à ressort (12, 18) pour la transmission oscillante de forces à l'armature (5) entre les positions ouverte et fermée de commutation, définissant une course de travail, le lieu de la position d'équilibre de l'armature (5) se trouvant entre les deux positions de commutation et la course de travail de l'élément de distribution (19, 20) pouvant être variée par le changement de la position de la face polaire d'un électroaimant (2) ainsi que du point d'appui d'au moins un ressort du système à ressort (12, 18), et qui comprend un système de commutation (10, 15, 13) pour changer la position de la face polaire d'un des électroaimants (2) et changer simultanément le point d'appui d'au moins un ressort (12, 18) du système à ressort (12, 18), de manière que le centre d'oscillation du système à ressort (12, 18) soit décalé à une autre position d'équilibre dans la zone du milieu entre l'électroaimant mobile (2) et l'électroaimant immobile (1), caractérisé en ce que le système de commutation (10, 13, 15) est un système magnétique et des moyens (17, 32, 33) sont prévus pour ajuster simultanément le temps de retard de décollage de l'armature (5) par le changement de la réluctance (16, 17) dans le circuit magnétique d'un ou des deux électroaimants (1, 2).
  2. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par un système électromagnétique de commutation commun (10, 15, 13) pour changer la position de l'électroaimant (2) coordonné à la position d'ouverture et du point d'appui d'au moins un des ressorts (12, 18) du système à ressort, ainsi que pour changer la réluctance (16, 17) dans le circuit magnétique d'un ou des deux électroaimants (1, 2).
  3. Dispositif électromagétique de positionnement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par un dispositif de commutation par lequel, à l'état désexcité du système de commutation (10, 15, 13), la position de l'électroaimant (2) coordonné à la position d'ouverture est ajustée automatiquement à la course de travail maximale.
  4. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par un dispositif de commutation par lequel, à l'état désexcité du système de commutation (10, 15, 13), la position de l'électroaimant (2) coordonné à la position d'ouverture est ajustée automatiquement à la course de travail minimale.
  5. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1-4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de distribution (66) est manoeuvrable par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de transmission mécanique (65).
  6. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de transmission est un culbuteur (65) ou un levier d'entraînement.
  7. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1-6, caractérisé par des moyens de freinage (41, 42, 43) par lesquels le mouvement du système électromagnétique de commutation (10, 15, 13) est freiné près des positions extrêmes, dans une ou dans les deux directions de mouvement.
  8. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1-7, caractérisé par des moyens de freinage (26, 27) par lesquels le mouvement de l'armature (5) entre les électroaimants (1, 2) est freiné près des positions extrêmes par la compression d'un fluide gazeux.
  9. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement de l'armature (5) n'est pas freiné dans la zone du milieu entre les électroaimants (1, 2).
  10. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1-9, caractérisé par un ou plusieurs éléments hydrauliques de compensation de jeu de soupape (28) en vue de la manoeuvre sans jeu des pièces (5, 19, 20) animées de mouvements oscillants.
  11. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de compensation de jeu de soupape (28) est disposé entre l'armature (5) et l'élément de distribution (19, 20).
  12. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de compendation de jeu de soupape est disposé entre l'électroaimant (1) coordonné à la position de fermeture et le carter (7).
  13. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un aimant permanent (29) est disposé dans l'électroaimant (1) coordonné à la position de fermeture.
  14. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1-13, caractérisé en ce qu'un aimant permanent est disposé dans l'électroaimant (2) coordonné à la position d'ouverture.
  15. Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement selon une des revendications 1 et 2, ainsi que 5 à 14, caractérisé par la disposition dans le système électromagnétique de commutation (10, 15, 13) d'un aimant permanent (30) capable de maintenir l'armature (10) du système de commutation (10, 15, 13) à la position fermée.
  16. Dispositif de positionnement selon une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la pièce (17) influençant la réluctance (16, 17), coordonnée à l'électroaimant (2), est déplaçable dans des limites étroites à l'encontre d'une force de précontrainte (24).
EP90110570A 1989-06-27 1990-06-05 Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement Expired - Lifetime EP0405189B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90110570T ATE95278T1 (de) 1989-06-27 1990-06-05 Elektromagnetisch arbeitende stelleinrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3920976A DE3920976A1 (de) 1989-06-27 1989-06-27 Elektromagnetisch arbeitende stelleinrichtung
DE3920976 1989-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0405189A1 EP0405189A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
EP0405189B1 true EP0405189B1 (fr) 1993-09-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90110570A Expired - Lifetime EP0405189B1 (fr) 1989-06-27 1990-06-05 Dispositif électromagnétique de positionnement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5131624A (fr)
EP (1) EP0405189B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2827170B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE95278T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3920976A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU1836596C (fr)

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EP0796981A1 (fr) 1996-03-23 1997-09-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Dispositif de commande électromagnétique pour soupape de moteur à combustion interne
US5730102A (en) * 1994-08-08 1998-03-24 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Engine brake device for a commercial vehicle
US5742467A (en) * 1994-09-28 1998-04-21 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of controlling armature movement in an electromagnetic circuit
US5748433A (en) * 1995-07-21 1998-05-05 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of accurately controlling the armature motion of an electromagnetic actuator
US5813653A (en) * 1994-12-21 1998-09-29 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Electromagnetically controlled regulator
US5818680A (en) * 1995-05-17 1998-10-06 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for controlling armature movements in an electromagnetic circuit

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JPH0344009A (ja) 1991-02-25
US5131624A (en) 1992-07-21
DE3920976A1 (de) 1991-01-03
JP2827170B2 (ja) 1998-11-18
RU1836596C (ru) 1993-08-23
ATE95278T1 (de) 1993-10-15
EP0405189A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
DE59002882D1 (de) 1993-11-04

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