EP0401691B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Registermarken in einer Mehrfarbendruckpresse - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Registermarken in einer Mehrfarbendruckpresse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0401691B1 EP0401691B1 EP90110405A EP90110405A EP0401691B1 EP 0401691 B1 EP0401691 B1 EP 0401691B1 EP 90110405 A EP90110405 A EP 90110405A EP 90110405 A EP90110405 A EP 90110405A EP 0401691 B1 EP0401691 B1 EP 0401691B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mark
- basic area
- registration
- area
- marks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004645 scanning capacitance microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
- B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
- B41P2233/52—Marks on printed material for registering
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method and a device for detecting marks for printing in a multi-color printing press working on a material, in strip or in sheets, having an image printing area and an area for printing signs of print quality control.
- One of the solutions which has been adopted consists in printing one or more registration marks, in relation to the printed image, in an unprinted zone of the material, in strip or in sheets, worked by the printing press, by example in the edge of the sheet or the strip or sometimes, in a space separating two successive impressions.
- These registration marks which must also serve to control the longitudinal and lateral registration errors, are generally trapezoidal in shape and are detected using a reading device.
- To check the position of the registration mark affixed by a printing group with the position of the registration mark applied by another printing group it is first necessary to open a reading window in the area where the 'The location of the tracking mark is anticipated. It is then necessary to define the position of this reading window and to recognize, within this one, an image which is effectively the mark of reference.
- the following operation consists in measuring the dimension of the mark, in an identical zone for all the successive marks parading in front of the reading device, so as to know the existing locating error. Finally, it is necessary to transform this measurement information into a corrective signal which can be used by the marking correction bodies. In this solution, the size of the registration marks is relatively large, in order to allow good reading.
- a device for obtaining a reading window is described in detail in patent CH 548933 and a device for reading and recognizing registration marks is the subject of patent CH 556738.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem of waste material when using registration marks to correct the longitudinal and lateral errors of printing, while considerably increasing the reliability of detection of registration marks. .
- the invention proposes a detection method in accordance with what is stated in claim 1, as well as a device for implementing the method in accordance with what is stated in claim 5.
- Figure 1 shows the appearance of a first printed registration mark 1 carried by a strip material 2 such as, for example, cardboard.
- This printed registration mark 1 is affixed in an area called the print quality control signs of the print quality area, for example the area between two images printed on the strip 2 or else in an area on the margin of strip 2 to be printed.
- the reason for printing the printed registration mark 1 in the area reserved for print control signs is motivated by the fact that the print control signs are still on strip 2 and that, by placing the printed registration marks 1 there, the area is removed specific area reserved exclusively for printing registration marks and thereby eliminating waste, also increasing the useful surface to be printed.
- the printed marking mark 1 in FIG. 1 is made up of 5 signs 3a to 3e. These signs 3a to 3e are represented here as being points distributed in staggered rows, in the manner of the number five carried by the face of a die.
- the printed registration mark 1 also includes three color printing indicators 4a to 4c.
- the color printing indicator 4a being that corresponding to the printing group applying the blue color
- the color printing indicator 4b being that corresponding to the printing group applying the red color
- the color printing indicator 4c being that corresponding to the printing group applying the color yellow.
- the printing group applying the black color in this case being the first printing group, will be the reference group and its color printing indicator will be represented by the five signs 3a to 3e of the printed registration mark 1.
- FIG. 1 also shows, in phantom, basic fields 5a to 5c which are assigned to each of the color print indicators 4a to 4c.
- basic fields 5a to 5c represented here in a substantially square shape, a geometric center 6a to 6c for each of them. It is also possible to define the geometric center 7a to 7c of each of the color printing indicators 4a to 4c.
- FIG. 2 shows a second registration mark 8, identical in all respects to the registration mark 1 in FIG. 1 as regards the arrangement of the signs 9a to 9e.
- the second registration mark differs from the first by the position occupied by the colored printing indicators 10 to 10c which are arranged here outside the five signs 9a to 9e making up the registration mark 8.
- This arrangement of the registration indicators color printing 10a to 10c is encountered, for example, when the machine is started, which can be assimilated to a transitional period during which the tracking error can be greater than in normal cruising conditions. However, it is necessary to be able to detect these errors in the position of the color printing indicators 10a to 10c in order to switch the device from the transient regime to the cruising regime.
- FIG. 3 represents the image of a reference virtual reference mark 13 which has been placed, for reasons of clarity of the figure, in a square in dotted lines 14.
- This virtual reference reference mark 13 comprises the same number of signs 15a to 15e as the printed registration mark 1 or 8.
- the arrangement of these signs 15a to 15e, in the reference virtual reference mark 13, is identical to that of the printed registration mark 1 or 8
- an adaptation of the image comparator will be carried out in order to support an admissible difference value between these different signs.
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of a device for detecting registration marks intended for processing a double-sided printed web.
- the device comprises a first high speed camera and low optical aberration 16 associated with a flash 17 for the front of the strip, and a second camera 23 associated with a flash 24 for the back of the strip.
- the cameras 16 and 23 are connected to an image processing device 18 equipped with an image viewing monitor 19.
- the image processing device is connected to a central unit 20 advantageously chosen as being a personal computer of the type PC - AT or similar.
- the central unit 20 comprises an interface 21 for processing information relating to the operating conditions of the machine which are themselves recorded in a conditioning unit 22 for "machine" information.
- This conditioning member 22 receives, from the machine, "INDEX” information originating from a pulse generator mounted on the printing cylinder of the machine.
- This "INDEX” information corresponds to a position “zero” of the pulse generator and will be used to calculate, using a pulse counter, the number of pulses separating this "INDEX” position relative to the image of the printing cylinder photograph.
- the pulse generator and the counter have not been shown in this figure.
- the conditioning unit 22 also receives information P relating to the moment at which the flash 17 must be controlled respectively 24. This information comes from a pulse generator coupled to the counter (not shown) and will be defined as a function of the value issued for the "INDEX" information.
- the conditioning unit 22 will emit, simultaneously and in order, a signal for choosing the camera SCAM, a signal for requesting a flash command DCFL and will receive, if the conditions are acceptable, a release signal SQ.
- the receipt signal SQ having been received, the conditioning unit 22 will then issue the OFL1 flash order or the OFL2 flash order depending on whether camera 16 or camera 23 has been selected.
- the OFL1 signal will be transmitted to the control circuit 25 of the flash 17 and the OFL2 signal will be transmitted to the control circuit 26 of the flash 24.
- the connection between the image processing device 18 and the central unit 20 is made at l using an RS 232 cable while the central unit 20 is connected to the conditioning unit 22 using a BNET network.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the device of Figure 4, showing in detail the elements constituting the device for detecting registration marks.
- This figure shows for memory the reading devices of the marking marks, that is to say the cameras 16 and 23, their respective flash 17 and 24 as well as their control circuit 25 and 26.
- the central unit 20, its interface 21 and the packaging member 22 are also shown.
- the image processing device 18 is shown in dotted lines.
- This image processing device 18 comprises a digitizer 27 connected to a memory 28 in which a generator circuit 29 is provided for the reference virtual reference mark 13.
- the image processing device 18 also comprises a discrimination unit 30 composed of a basic field generator 31, a basic field enlarger 32, an image comparator 33, a calculator of the geometric base field center 34, a color print indicator detector 35, a calculator of the geometric center of color print witness 36 and, finally, a position comparator of geometric centers 37 to establish the recognition of position errors between the geometric center of the base field and the geometric center of the color print witness .
- the discrimination unit 30 is followed by a signal transmitter 38 which will serve as its output stage.
- FIG. 6 is a functional flowchart of the device of Figure 4 to which we will refer below to explain the operation of the device for detecting registration marks.
- This operation is as follows: First, read the printed registration mark. To do this, the flash and the camera must be controlled, which will be done using signals from the conditioning unit 22 (see FIG. 5). The image that has been read will then be digitized. We will then search, on the basis of this digitization, if it is indeed a registration mark, by comparing the digital image with a reference virtual registration mark. A read security mark will be given for all the signs making up the reference virtual reference mark, so as to admit a certain distortion between the read image and the reference image.
Landscapes
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Claims (7)
- Verfahren zum Detektieren von Registermarken in einer Mehrfarbendruckpresse zum Verarbeiten von bahn- oder bogenartigem Werkstoff mit einem Druckbereich für das Motiv und einem Druckbereich für die Druckqualitätskontrollzeichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren darin besteht nacheinander :- eine gedruckte Registermarke (1) mit wenigstens zwei Erkennungszeichen (3a bis 3e) sowie einen Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) mit Bezugsregistermarke (13) gleicher Form jedoch nur mit Erkennungszeichen (15a bis 15e) zu vergleichen,- wenigstens ein Grundfeld (5a bis 5c) zum Detektieren eines Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) pro Erkennungszeichen (3a bis 3e oder 9a bis 9e) zu definieren,- die geometrische Mitte (6a bis 6c) jedes Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) zum Detektieren des Farbdruchzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) zu berechnen und zu speichern,- in die einzelnen Grundfelder (5a bis 5c) auf die Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) nacheinander abzusuchen,- die geometrische Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) der einzelnen detektierten Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) zu berechnen und zu speichern,- die Positionsabweichungen (Δx, Δy) zwischen der geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) und der geometrischen Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) auf den Abszissen- und Ordinatenachsen zu messen,- die Messergebnisse der Positionsabweichungen (Δx, Δy) in Steuerwerte zum Einwirken auf die Registerfehlerkorrekturorgane umzuwandeln.
- Verfahren gemäss Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine im Druckbereich der Druckqualitätskontrollzeichen aufgedruckte Registermarke (1) mit einer vorgängig gespeicherten, theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13) verglichen wird.
- Verfahren gemäss Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine von blossem Auge nicht sichtbare Registermarke (1) mit einer vorgängig gespeicherten, theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13) verglichen wird.
- Verfahren gemäss Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Definierung eines Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) zum Detektieren der Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) das besagte Grundfeld (5a bis 5c) vergrössert wird, wobei die geometrische Mitte (6a bis 6c) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) als Mitte des neudefinierten, vergrösserten Felds (11a bis 11c).
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel zum Beleuchten und Detektieren der aufgedruckten Registermarke (1), Mittel zum Erzeugen und Speichern einer theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13), Vergleichsmittel zur Festellung der Übereinstimmung der aufgedruckten Registermarke (1) mit der theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13), Mittel zum Definieren durch die Vergleichsmittel wenigstens eines Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) zum Detektieren eines Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4b oder 10a bis 10c), Mittel zum Berechnen und Speichern der geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) der einzelnen Grundfelder (5a bis 5c), Mittel zum Detektieren des besagten Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) in den einzelnen Grundfeldern (5a bis 5c), Mittel zum Berechnen und Speichern der geometrischen Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c), Mittel zum Messen der Positionsabweichungen (Δx, Δy) zwischen der geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) eines Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) und der geometrischen Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) des im Grundfeld detektierten Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) auf den Abszissen und Ordinatenachsen, Mittel zum Vergrössern des besagten Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) und Mittel zum Umwandeln der Messergebnisse der Positionsabweichungen (Δx, Δy) zwischen der geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) und der geometrischen Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) in Steuerwerte zum Einwirken auf die Registerfehlerkorrekturorgane umzuwandeln, umfassen.
- Vorrichtung gemäss Patentanspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Beleuchten und Detektieren der Registermarke (1) aus einem mit einer optisch schwach verzerrten Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera (16, 23) zusammenwirkenden Blitzlicht (17, 24) bestehen.
- Vorrichtung gemäss Patentanspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Erzeugen und Speichern der theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13), die Mittel zum Vergleichen der Registermarke (1) mit der theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13), die Mittel zum Definieren durch die besagten Vergleichsmittel eines Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) zum Detektieren eines Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) und die Mittel zum Vergrössern des besagten Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) eine Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung (18) mit einem Digitalisierer (27) in Verbindung mit einem Speicher (28), welcher einen Generatorkreis (29) für die theoretische Bezugsregistermarke (13) einschliesst und mit einem Bildvergleicher (33) verbunden ist, der das Bild der aufgedruckten, digitalisierten Registermarke (1) sowie das Bild der theoretischen Bezugsregistermarke (13) empfängt und eine Meldung bezüglich Gleichheit der verglichenen Bilder sendet, die bei Übereinstimmung einem Generator (31) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) zugeleitet wird, der mit einem Berechner (34) der geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) verbunden ist und Meldungen betreffend die Position der besagten geometrischen Mitte (6a bis 6c) speichert, wobei der besagte Generator (31) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) einerseits mit einem Leser (35) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c), der eine Meldung betreffend das Vorhandensein eines Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) im Grundfeld (5a bis 5c) einem Berechner (36) der geometrischen Mitte (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) zwecks Speicherung zuleitet, und andererseits mit einem Vergrösserer (32) des Grundfelds (5a bis 5c) gekoppelt ist, wobei der besagte Leser (35) des Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) mit einem Vergleicher (37) für die Position der geometrischen Mitten (6a bis 6c) der Grundfelder (5a bis 5c) und der geometrischen Mitten (7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) der Farbdruckzeugen (4a bis 4c oder 10a bis 10c) verbunden ist, während der besagte Positionsvergleicher (37) die Positionsabweichungen (Δx, Δx', Δy, Δy') zwischen den geometrischen Mitten (6a bis 6c, 7a bis 7c oder 12a bis 12c) einem Signalübermittler (38) zuleitet, der mit einer zentralen Einheit (20) zur Steuerung eines Registerfehlerkorrekturorgans über ein Verarbeitungsorgan (22) verbunden ist, umfassen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2181/89A CH679990A5 (de) | 1989-06-08 | 1989-06-08 | |
CH2181/89 | 1989-06-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0401691A2 EP0401691A2 (de) | 1990-12-12 |
EP0401691A3 EP0401691A3 (de) | 1991-07-24 |
EP0401691B1 true EP0401691B1 (de) | 1994-03-16 |
Family
ID=4227783
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90110405A Expired - Lifetime EP0401691B1 (de) | 1989-06-08 | 1990-06-01 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Registermarken in einer Mehrfarbendruckpresse |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5138667A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0401691B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH03184052A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE102871T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU634241B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9002694A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2018449C (de) |
CH (1) | CH679990A5 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69007339T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0401691T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2050879T3 (de) |
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US10782479B2 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2020-09-22 | Luxtera Llc | Method and system for mode converters for grating couplers |
CN107810112A (zh) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-03-16 | 奥梅茨私人公司 | 用于配准具有手动可调节印刷配准件的轮转印刷机的印刷单元的系统 |
CN109562618B (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2020-09-29 | 太洋电机产业株式会社 | 套准误差检测装置、套准误差检测方法以及印刷品 |
US10657636B1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2020-05-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems to ensure correct printing plate usage for encoded signals |
US10460161B1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2019-10-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems for ensuring correct printing plate usage and signal tolerances |
CN109203629B (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-10-02 | 武汉华茂自动化股份有限公司 | 一种用于双面淋膜复合机的图案套准方法及系统 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4926048A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1990-05-15 | Automated Packaging Systems, Inc. | Process of performing work on a continuous web |
US4484079A (en) * | 1981-10-28 | 1984-11-20 | Hurletronaltair, Inc. | Registration mark detector |
JPS5926854A (ja) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-02-13 | Rengo Co Ltd | 走行材料のマ−ク検出装置 |
US4528630A (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1985-07-09 | Oao Corporation | Automatic registration control method and apparatus |
EP0127831B1 (de) * | 1983-06-02 | 1990-03-14 | Web Printing Controls Co. | Registerregelung in geschlossener Schleife |
US4736680A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1988-04-12 | Web Printing Controls Co. | Closed loop register control |
US4719575A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1988-01-12 | Web Printing Control Co., Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling web handling machinery |
FR2578486B1 (fr) * | 1985-03-08 | 1987-06-12 | Bertin & Cie | Procede et dispositif de positionnement d'objets les uns par rapport aux autres, en particulier des rouleaux d'impression de couleurs dans une presse rotative offset |
JPS6297846A (ja) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-07 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 印刷物の見当誤差量測定方法 |
DE3544251A1 (de) * | 1985-12-14 | 1987-06-19 | Duerkopp System Technik Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen zuschneiden von teilen aus flaechigem naehgut nach mit unterschiedlichen konturen versehenen mustervorlagen auf einer koordinaten-schneidmaschine |
FI78025C (fi) * | 1987-08-31 | 1989-06-12 | Valtion Teknillinen | Foerfarande foer kvalitetskontroll av tryckning. |
-
1989
- 1989-06-08 CH CH2181/89A patent/CH679990A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-06-01 DE DE69007339T patent/DE69007339T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-01 AT AT90110405T patent/ATE102871T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 EP EP90110405A patent/EP0401691B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-01 ES ES90110405T patent/ES2050879T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-01 DK DK90110405.9T patent/DK0401691T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-07 AU AU56893/90A patent/AU634241B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-07 BR BR909002694A patent/BR9002694A/pt unknown
- 1990-06-07 CA CA002018449A patent/CA2018449C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-08 JP JP2151433A patent/JPH03184052A/ja active Pending
- 1990-06-08 US US07/535,031 patent/US5138667A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2050879T3 (es) | 1994-06-01 |
ATE102871T1 (de) | 1994-04-15 |
CA2018449A1 (en) | 1990-12-08 |
DE69007339D1 (de) | 1994-04-21 |
DE69007339T2 (de) | 1994-06-23 |
DK0401691T3 (da) | 1994-08-08 |
AU634241B2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
EP0401691A3 (de) | 1991-07-24 |
AU5689390A (en) | 1990-12-13 |
US5138667A (en) | 1992-08-11 |
BR9002694A (pt) | 1991-08-20 |
EP0401691A2 (de) | 1990-12-12 |
JPH03184052A (ja) | 1991-08-12 |
CA2018449C (en) | 1994-03-29 |
CH679990A5 (de) | 1992-05-29 |
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