EP0397208A2 - Séparateur électrostatique pour la purification des gaz - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique pour la purification des gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0397208A2
EP0397208A2 EP90108968A EP90108968A EP0397208A2 EP 0397208 A2 EP0397208 A2 EP 0397208A2 EP 90108968 A EP90108968 A EP 90108968A EP 90108968 A EP90108968 A EP 90108968A EP 0397208 A2 EP0397208 A2 EP 0397208A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
filter according
magnet
electrodes
spray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90108968A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0397208A3 (fr
EP0397208B1 (fr
Inventor
Harald Gebhard Böhler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Original Assignee
Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG filed Critical Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Publication of EP0397208A2 publication Critical patent/EP0397208A2/fr
Publication of EP0397208A3 publication Critical patent/EP0397208A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0397208B1 publication Critical patent/EP0397208B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for the purification of gases, consisting of a flow-through housing, in which at least one filter element with a precipitation electrode and an insulated spray electrode is arranged, which are held at a distance from one another in an operating position, the spray electrode being connected to a high-voltage unit connected.
  • Electrofilters are among the most effective gas cleaning devices. They achieve a high separation efficiency even for small and very small particles (aerosols) both in solid and in liquid form. Deviating from the version with high-voltage wire-shaped spray electrodes and including tubular or plate-shaped precipitation electrodes, which are preferably earthed, filters are also mainly used in air conditioning technology, in which the particles to be separated are first electrically charged and then separated in a subsequent separation zone.
  • Spray electrodes are simple round wires, wires with attached tips, wires with star-shaped cross sections, ribbon-shaped electrodes, winding electrodes and other electrodes shapes used.
  • honeycombs and other shapes can also be used as precipitation electrodes, which have a corresponding precipitation area, catch pockets, slots, baffles and the like being arranged if necessary.
  • electrostatic precipitators are usually designed with multiple gasses, i.e. the gas flow is divided into several filter elements, the spray electrodes of which are preferably connected to a common high-voltage unit.
  • the distances between the spray and the precipitation electrodes are kept as uniform and constant as possible and electrical breakdowns are avoided, in which the electrical field collapses briefly.
  • the electrodes are kept clean or cleaned, which is particularly true for the precipitation areas. This is usually done periodically by tapping, brushing, rinsing or blowing off.
  • a high voltage of 40 to 50 kV is used with an electrode spacing of 80 to 100 mm.
  • the precipitation electrodes are cleaned continuously with condensation liquid from the saturated gas stream, for which purpose the precipitation electrodes are cooled on the rear side of their precipitation surface, so that a condensation liquid film with the separated particles runs down on the precipitation surfaces.
  • Appropriate procedural measures must be taken to ensure that the entire precipitation surface is constantly covered with a film of condensation liquid. Good cleaning can then be achieved even with difficult gas contaminants, for example sticky, but this requires a corresponding effort.
  • the electrostatic filter is put out of operation and serviced or cleaned at certain intervals, for which purpose at least the wire-shaped spray electrodes are removed.
  • the spray electrodes are suspended in a stationary manner above the precipitation electrodes.
  • the wire-shaped spray electrodes are weighted at their lower end below the precipitation electrodes, as a result of which the electrode wires are tensioned and hang vertically from their suspension point.
  • the attached weights can cause the spray electrode wires to run smoothly in a straight line, but installing and removing the spray electrodes during cleaning and maintenance work is made more difficult by the attached weights, in particular because a larger number of spray electrode wires are usually provided for each electrostatic filter .
  • the invention has for its object to design the electrostatic filter so that a perfect centering of the electrodes is guaranteed with easy installation and removal. A simple and effective way of cleaning the electrodes is also sought.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in an electrostatic precipitator of the type mentioned in the introduction in that the spray electrode and / or the precipitation electrode are held in the operating position by the magnetic force of at least one magnet.
  • the magnetic holder of the electrodes according to the invention can be carried out both by means of a permanent magnet and by means of an electromagnet, wherein an electromagnet offers the possibility to change or adapt the magnetic force in a simple manner.
  • a spray electrode wire but also a precipitation electrode can be suspended and held in the optimal position at its lower end without the need for mechanical anchoring or the attachment of weights.
  • Magnetic adhesive, pulling and repelling forces can be used. These enable exact centering while avoiding undesired deflections and at the same time “tensioning" the electrodes.
  • the above-mentioned attached weights essentially have a clamping function, the centering effect being only slight.
  • electrodes held by magnetic forces in particular wire-shaped spray electrodes, can be installed and removed without corresponding fastening or detaching measures being carried out or weights having to be attached or detached. After the correct arrangement of the magnets for the first time, the optimum alignment or centering results automatically.
  • changeable electromagnetic forces is particularly expedient in order to set the electrodes in a controlled manner to vibrate and thereby to clean them.
  • other cleaning measures such as tapping or rinsing can be replaced or supplemented in a meaningful manner, with no significant additional expenditure.
  • the electrostatic filter 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 2 with a vertically arranged cylindrical housing shell 3, in which seven filter elements (FIG. 2) are arranged, of which only three alongside one another in FIG. 1 along a common diameter for the sake of clarity arranged filter elements are shown.
  • the filter elements 4 are designed in the same way.
  • Each filter element 4 consists of a tubular precipitation electrode 5, which is fastened within the housing 2 in a manner not shown, and of a wire-shaped spray electrode 6, which extends along the axis of the associated precipitation electrode 5 and above and upwards and downwards.
  • a grounding 7 of the precipitation electrodes 5 is indicated.
  • the housing jacket 3 has an inlet connector 8 for raw gas at its lower end and an outlet connector 9 for clean gas at its upper end.
  • the housing shell 3 is closed at the top by a cover 10 and has at its lower end a funnel bottom 11 with a drainage pipe 12 for the removal of the separated impurities.
  • the upper end of the spray electrodes 6 is suspended from a support plate 13 which is supported in an electrically insulated manner in the housing 2 in a manner not shown.
  • the spray electrodes 6 are connected via a conductor 14, which runs through an insulating bushing 15 in the cover 10, to a high-voltage unit 16, which is provided with an earth 17.
  • a perforated plate 18 is arranged in the housing jacket 3 at a short distance above the inlet connection 8.
  • Seven electromagnets 19 are attached to this sufficient passage cross section for the perforated plate 18 having gas flow and are connected to a power source 22 via power supply lines 20 and 21.
  • the power supply for example the frequency, can be changed by means of a control device 23 and a corresponding magnetic effect can thereby be produced.
  • the excited electromagnets 19 have an attractive effect on the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6, which are arranged at a distance above them.
  • 6 opposite poles 24 are arranged at the lower ends of the spray electrodes.
  • the magnetic force of the excited electromagnets 19 causes the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 to be tightened and thus tightened in the vertical direction, as well as a stable centering of the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 in alignment with the fixed magnets 19.
  • the spray electrodes 6 can be made to vibrate so that dirt is thrown off these electrodes.
  • tubular precipitation electrodes 26 and wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are arranged in the housing jacket 25 and likewise protrude downward beyond the precipitation electrodes 26.
  • the lower end of the housing shell 26 is in turn closed by a funnel bottom 28.
  • a magnetic support corresponding to the perforated plate 18 according to FIG. 1 is missing.
  • four magnets 29, expediently in turn electromagnets, are instead fastened at the same height and with a uniform distribution on the inner circumference of the housing shell 25.
  • Each magnet 29 is associated with a substantially radial distance, a counter pole 30 which is arranged on the circumference of a flat horizontally extending bracket 31.
  • the spray electrodes 27 are fastened to this holder with their lower end.
  • the spray electrodes 27 are thus magnetically centered by means of a common arrangement.
  • axial clamping can be achieved by a slight axial displacement of the magnets 29 with respect to the opposite poles 30 downwards.
  • an exact same length of the spray electrodes 27 is required for a uniform clamping.
  • the holder 31 is centered in the housing jacket 25 with magnets of the same strength, which means that the spray electrodes 27 are centered within the associated precipitation electrodes 26.
  • the holder 31 can also be shifted in its plane by a controlled change of the magnetic forces in a specific sequence and, for example, set in radial vibrations or in circular movements. Accordingly, the wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are then deflected or vibrated.
  • the holder 31 is not designed as a closed plate but rather in the form of a wheel with a hub, spokes and a wheel rim, so that the rising gas flow and the falling separated particles are prevented as little as possible.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 has a housing 32 of essentially rectangular horizontal cross section.
  • a series of parallel plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are arranged in this, of which only three are shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the precipitation electrodes 33 are made of metal and are grounded in a manner not shown. They are fixed at their upper end in the housing 32, for example by means of strips 34, which extend over the entire length of the upper electrode edge.
  • a row of wire-shaped spray electrodes 35 extends between each two adjacent precipitation electrodes 33, only one spray electrode from each row being visible in the drawing.
  • the spray electrodes 35 are on one fixed and insulated supported carrier 36 and are placed under high voltage via a conductor 37.
  • the spray electrodes 35 are centered and tensioned in that a counter pole 38 is fastened at their lower end, which interacts with a permanent magnet 39 arranged at an axial distance below it.
  • Each row of permanent magnets 39 is fastened on a rod-shaped carrier 40.
  • electromagnets 41 and 42 with a current source 43 and 44 and an associated control device 45 and 46 are arranged opposite one another on the inner wall of the housing 32.
  • the electromagnets 41, 42 are opposite poles 47 and 48, which are each supported by an arm 49 on a guide frame 50.
  • the guide frame 50 which is made of insulating material, has two rows of guide openings 51, each of which accommodates a spray electrode 35 if arranged appropriately.
  • alternately controlled excitation and de-excitation of the electromagnets 41 and 42 can cause the guide frame 50 to vibrate horizontally (in the plane of the drawing), as a result of which the spray electrodes 35 can be moved accordingly for their cleaning.
  • the cleaning of the precipitation electrodes is more important than the cleaning of the spray electrodes 35, since the particles are deposited on these.
  • the precipitation electrodes 33 are also cleaned by means of vibrations generated by magnetic forces.
  • the lower edge of each precipitation electrode is assigned at least one pair of electromagnets 52 and 53.
  • the two magnets of each magnet pair 52, 53 can be excited differently, which is why in the drawing the left magnet 52 or the right magnets 53 different current sources 54 and 55 and control devices 56 and 57 are assigned - drawn for the two external electromagnets.
  • a common power source and a common control device with the corresponding number of connecting lines could also be provided.
  • the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are shown in a vertically depending position, which they assume when the electromagnets 52 and 53 are not excited or to the same extent with a matching magnetic force.
  • the latter case of a uniform excitation can be expedient in order to keep the flexible thin precipitation electrodes 33 in a stable, vertically depending position.
  • the gas to be cleaned can also be passed horizontally through the alleys formed between the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP90108968A 1989-05-12 1990-05-12 Séparateur électrostatique pour la purification des gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0397208B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3915639A DE3915639C1 (fr) 1989-05-12 1989-05-12
DE3915639 1989-05-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0397208A2 true EP0397208A2 (fr) 1990-11-14
EP0397208A3 EP0397208A3 (fr) 1991-11-06
EP0397208B1 EP0397208B1 (fr) 1994-07-13

Family

ID=6380585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90108968A Expired - Lifetime EP0397208B1 (fr) 1989-05-12 1990-05-12 Séparateur électrostatique pour la purification des gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0397208B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE108347T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3915639C1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1050341A2 (fr) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Paul Forsthuber Electrofiltre à tubes contenant des électrodes movibles
DE102006009765A1 (de) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Röhrenelektrofilter
EP2065094A2 (fr) 2007-11-27 2009-06-03 Jörg Meister Filtre électrostatique
US8257469B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-04 Meister Environment Technology Ltd. Electrostatic filter
EP2551018A2 (fr) 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centrage d'une électrode sous haute tension par force magnétique
EP1967273A3 (fr) * 2007-03-05 2013-10-16 Schmatloch Nückel Technologietransfer Electrofiltre pour une petite installation d'allumage
WO2014145272A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 O'brian Michael A Précipitateur électrostatique de collecte d'huile
CN110354995A (zh) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-22 Bsh家用电器有限公司 静电的过滤器单元和带有静电的过滤器单元的通风装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20118299U1 (de) * 2001-11-10 2003-03-20 Hengst GmbH & Co.KG, 48147 Münster Elektrofilter mit Schwingungsantrieb
DE102019101885A1 (de) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Oliver Schmitz Elektroabscheider in Stufenform

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1409508A (en) * 1921-05-20 1922-03-14 Research Corp Magnetic steadying device for electrodes
FR683488A (fr) * 1928-10-20 1930-06-12 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour le nettoyage des électrodes, et spécialement des électrodes de dépôts des épurateurs à gaz électriques

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB369255A (en) * 1930-12-17 1932-03-17 Fumivorite Et Depoussierage In Improvements in apparatus for the electrostatic removal of dust
US2508133A (en) * 1944-08-29 1950-05-16 Smidth & Co As F L Electric precipitating apparatus
DE846096C (de) * 1950-10-08 1952-08-07 Metallgesellschaft Ag Ruettelung von Niederschlagselektroden der elektrischen Gasreinigung
CH305410A (de) * 1952-06-20 1955-02-28 Ag Elex Elektromagnetische Klopfanordnung für Elektrofilter.
GB825088A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-12-09 Cottrell Res Inc Improvements in or relating to systems for electromagnetically rapping electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator
DE2743292B2 (de) * 1977-09-27 1981-04-16 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Elektroabscheider zur Abscheidung von Schwebstoffen aus einem heißen Gasstrom
US4693732A (en) * 1987-02-19 1987-09-15 Martin Engineering Company Piston vibrator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1409508A (en) * 1921-05-20 1922-03-14 Research Corp Magnetic steadying device for electrodes
FR683488A (fr) * 1928-10-20 1930-06-12 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour le nettoyage des électrodes, et spécialement des électrodes de dépôts des épurateurs à gaz électriques

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1050341A2 (fr) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Paul Forsthuber Electrofiltre à tubes contenant des électrodes movibles
EP1050341A3 (fr) * 1999-05-03 2001-01-17 Paul Forsthuber Electrofiltre à tubes contenant des électrodes movibles
DE102006009765A1 (de) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Röhrenelektrofilter
DE102006009765B4 (de) * 2006-03-01 2008-06-12 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Röhrenelektrofilter
EP1967273A3 (fr) * 2007-03-05 2013-10-16 Schmatloch Nückel Technologietransfer Electrofiltre pour une petite installation d'allumage
EP2065094A2 (fr) 2007-11-27 2009-06-03 Jörg Meister Filtre électrostatique
US8257469B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-04 Meister Environment Technology Ltd. Electrostatic filter
EP2551018A2 (fr) 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centrage d'une électrode sous haute tension par force magnétique
EP2551018A3 (fr) * 2011-07-27 2014-08-20 Beat Müller Centrage d'une électrode sous haute tension par force magnétique
WO2014145272A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 O'brian Michael A Précipitateur électrostatique de collecte d'huile
CN110354995A (zh) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-22 Bsh家用电器有限公司 静电的过滤器单元和带有静电的过滤器单元的通风装置
CN110354995B (zh) * 2018-04-10 2022-11-29 Bsh家用电器有限公司 静电的过滤器单元和带有静电的过滤器单元的通风装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0397208A3 (fr) 1991-11-06
ATE108347T1 (de) 1994-07-15
DE59006399D1 (de) 1994-08-18
DE3915639C1 (fr) 1991-01-24
EP0397208B1 (fr) 1994-07-13

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