EP0397208A2 - Electrostatic precipitator for gas cleaning - Google Patents

Electrostatic precipitator for gas cleaning Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0397208A2
EP0397208A2 EP90108968A EP90108968A EP0397208A2 EP 0397208 A2 EP0397208 A2 EP 0397208A2 EP 90108968 A EP90108968 A EP 90108968A EP 90108968 A EP90108968 A EP 90108968A EP 0397208 A2 EP0397208 A2 EP 0397208A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electrode
filter according
magnet
electrodes
spray
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Granted
Application number
EP90108968A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0397208A3 (en
EP0397208B1 (en
Inventor
Harald Gebhard Böhler
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Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
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Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for the purification of gases, consisting of a flow-through housing, in which at least one filter element with a precipitation electrode and an insulated spray electrode is arranged, which are held at a distance from one another in an operating position, the spray electrode being connected to a high-voltage unit connected.
  • Electrofilters are among the most effective gas cleaning devices. They achieve a high separation efficiency even for small and very small particles (aerosols) both in solid and in liquid form. Deviating from the version with high-voltage wire-shaped spray electrodes and including tubular or plate-shaped precipitation electrodes, which are preferably earthed, filters are also mainly used in air conditioning technology, in which the particles to be separated are first electrically charged and then separated in a subsequent separation zone.
  • Spray electrodes are simple round wires, wires with attached tips, wires with star-shaped cross sections, ribbon-shaped electrodes, winding electrodes and other electrodes shapes used.
  • honeycombs and other shapes can also be used as precipitation electrodes, which have a corresponding precipitation area, catch pockets, slots, baffles and the like being arranged if necessary.
  • electrostatic precipitators are usually designed with multiple gasses, i.e. the gas flow is divided into several filter elements, the spray electrodes of which are preferably connected to a common high-voltage unit.
  • the distances between the spray and the precipitation electrodes are kept as uniform and constant as possible and electrical breakdowns are avoided, in which the electrical field collapses briefly.
  • the electrodes are kept clean or cleaned, which is particularly true for the precipitation areas. This is usually done periodically by tapping, brushing, rinsing or blowing off.
  • a high voltage of 40 to 50 kV is used with an electrode spacing of 80 to 100 mm.
  • the precipitation electrodes are cleaned continuously with condensation liquid from the saturated gas stream, for which purpose the precipitation electrodes are cooled on the rear side of their precipitation surface, so that a condensation liquid film with the separated particles runs down on the precipitation surfaces.
  • Appropriate procedural measures must be taken to ensure that the entire precipitation surface is constantly covered with a film of condensation liquid. Good cleaning can then be achieved even with difficult gas contaminants, for example sticky, but this requires a corresponding effort.
  • the electrostatic filter is put out of operation and serviced or cleaned at certain intervals, for which purpose at least the wire-shaped spray electrodes are removed.
  • the spray electrodes are suspended in a stationary manner above the precipitation electrodes.
  • the wire-shaped spray electrodes are weighted at their lower end below the precipitation electrodes, as a result of which the electrode wires are tensioned and hang vertically from their suspension point.
  • the attached weights can cause the spray electrode wires to run smoothly in a straight line, but installing and removing the spray electrodes during cleaning and maintenance work is made more difficult by the attached weights, in particular because a larger number of spray electrode wires are usually provided for each electrostatic filter .
  • the invention has for its object to design the electrostatic filter so that a perfect centering of the electrodes is guaranteed with easy installation and removal. A simple and effective way of cleaning the electrodes is also sought.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in an electrostatic precipitator of the type mentioned in the introduction in that the spray electrode and / or the precipitation electrode are held in the operating position by the magnetic force of at least one magnet.
  • the magnetic holder of the electrodes according to the invention can be carried out both by means of a permanent magnet and by means of an electromagnet, wherein an electromagnet offers the possibility to change or adapt the magnetic force in a simple manner.
  • a spray electrode wire but also a precipitation electrode can be suspended and held in the optimal position at its lower end without the need for mechanical anchoring or the attachment of weights.
  • Magnetic adhesive, pulling and repelling forces can be used. These enable exact centering while avoiding undesired deflections and at the same time “tensioning" the electrodes.
  • the above-mentioned attached weights essentially have a clamping function, the centering effect being only slight.
  • electrodes held by magnetic forces in particular wire-shaped spray electrodes, can be installed and removed without corresponding fastening or detaching measures being carried out or weights having to be attached or detached. After the correct arrangement of the magnets for the first time, the optimum alignment or centering results automatically.
  • changeable electromagnetic forces is particularly expedient in order to set the electrodes in a controlled manner to vibrate and thereby to clean them.
  • other cleaning measures such as tapping or rinsing can be replaced or supplemented in a meaningful manner, with no significant additional expenditure.
  • the electrostatic filter 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 2 with a vertically arranged cylindrical housing shell 3, in which seven filter elements (FIG. 2) are arranged, of which only three alongside one another in FIG. 1 along a common diameter for the sake of clarity arranged filter elements are shown.
  • the filter elements 4 are designed in the same way.
  • Each filter element 4 consists of a tubular precipitation electrode 5, which is fastened within the housing 2 in a manner not shown, and of a wire-shaped spray electrode 6, which extends along the axis of the associated precipitation electrode 5 and above and upwards and downwards.
  • a grounding 7 of the precipitation electrodes 5 is indicated.
  • the housing jacket 3 has an inlet connector 8 for raw gas at its lower end and an outlet connector 9 for clean gas at its upper end.
  • the housing shell 3 is closed at the top by a cover 10 and has at its lower end a funnel bottom 11 with a drainage pipe 12 for the removal of the separated impurities.
  • the upper end of the spray electrodes 6 is suspended from a support plate 13 which is supported in an electrically insulated manner in the housing 2 in a manner not shown.
  • the spray electrodes 6 are connected via a conductor 14, which runs through an insulating bushing 15 in the cover 10, to a high-voltage unit 16, which is provided with an earth 17.
  • a perforated plate 18 is arranged in the housing jacket 3 at a short distance above the inlet connection 8.
  • Seven electromagnets 19 are attached to this sufficient passage cross section for the perforated plate 18 having gas flow and are connected to a power source 22 via power supply lines 20 and 21.
  • the power supply for example the frequency, can be changed by means of a control device 23 and a corresponding magnetic effect can thereby be produced.
  • the excited electromagnets 19 have an attractive effect on the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6, which are arranged at a distance above them.
  • 6 opposite poles 24 are arranged at the lower ends of the spray electrodes.
  • the magnetic force of the excited electromagnets 19 causes the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 to be tightened and thus tightened in the vertical direction, as well as a stable centering of the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 in alignment with the fixed magnets 19.
  • the spray electrodes 6 can be made to vibrate so that dirt is thrown off these electrodes.
  • tubular precipitation electrodes 26 and wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are arranged in the housing jacket 25 and likewise protrude downward beyond the precipitation electrodes 26.
  • the lower end of the housing shell 26 is in turn closed by a funnel bottom 28.
  • a magnetic support corresponding to the perforated plate 18 according to FIG. 1 is missing.
  • four magnets 29, expediently in turn electromagnets, are instead fastened at the same height and with a uniform distribution on the inner circumference of the housing shell 25.
  • Each magnet 29 is associated with a substantially radial distance, a counter pole 30 which is arranged on the circumference of a flat horizontally extending bracket 31.
  • the spray electrodes 27 are fastened to this holder with their lower end.
  • the spray electrodes 27 are thus magnetically centered by means of a common arrangement.
  • axial clamping can be achieved by a slight axial displacement of the magnets 29 with respect to the opposite poles 30 downwards.
  • an exact same length of the spray electrodes 27 is required for a uniform clamping.
  • the holder 31 is centered in the housing jacket 25 with magnets of the same strength, which means that the spray electrodes 27 are centered within the associated precipitation electrodes 26.
  • the holder 31 can also be shifted in its plane by a controlled change of the magnetic forces in a specific sequence and, for example, set in radial vibrations or in circular movements. Accordingly, the wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are then deflected or vibrated.
  • the holder 31 is not designed as a closed plate but rather in the form of a wheel with a hub, spokes and a wheel rim, so that the rising gas flow and the falling separated particles are prevented as little as possible.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 has a housing 32 of essentially rectangular horizontal cross section.
  • a series of parallel plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are arranged in this, of which only three are shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the precipitation electrodes 33 are made of metal and are grounded in a manner not shown. They are fixed at their upper end in the housing 32, for example by means of strips 34, which extend over the entire length of the upper electrode edge.
  • a row of wire-shaped spray electrodes 35 extends between each two adjacent precipitation electrodes 33, only one spray electrode from each row being visible in the drawing.
  • the spray electrodes 35 are on one fixed and insulated supported carrier 36 and are placed under high voltage via a conductor 37.
  • the spray electrodes 35 are centered and tensioned in that a counter pole 38 is fastened at their lower end, which interacts with a permanent magnet 39 arranged at an axial distance below it.
  • Each row of permanent magnets 39 is fastened on a rod-shaped carrier 40.
  • electromagnets 41 and 42 with a current source 43 and 44 and an associated control device 45 and 46 are arranged opposite one another on the inner wall of the housing 32.
  • the electromagnets 41, 42 are opposite poles 47 and 48, which are each supported by an arm 49 on a guide frame 50.
  • the guide frame 50 which is made of insulating material, has two rows of guide openings 51, each of which accommodates a spray electrode 35 if arranged appropriately.
  • alternately controlled excitation and de-excitation of the electromagnets 41 and 42 can cause the guide frame 50 to vibrate horizontally (in the plane of the drawing), as a result of which the spray electrodes 35 can be moved accordingly for their cleaning.
  • the cleaning of the precipitation electrodes is more important than the cleaning of the spray electrodes 35, since the particles are deposited on these.
  • the precipitation electrodes 33 are also cleaned by means of vibrations generated by magnetic forces.
  • the lower edge of each precipitation electrode is assigned at least one pair of electromagnets 52 and 53.
  • the two magnets of each magnet pair 52, 53 can be excited differently, which is why in the drawing the left magnet 52 or the right magnets 53 different current sources 54 and 55 and control devices 56 and 57 are assigned - drawn for the two external electromagnets.
  • a common power source and a common control device with the corresponding number of connecting lines could also be provided.
  • the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are shown in a vertically depending position, which they assume when the electromagnets 52 and 53 are not excited or to the same extent with a matching magnetic force.
  • the latter case of a uniform excitation can be expedient in order to keep the flexible thin precipitation electrodes 33 in a stable, vertically depending position.
  • the gas to be cleaned can also be passed horizontally through the alleys formed between the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

The electrostatic precipitator 1 has magnets 19 which are used to centre and clamp the corona-discharge electrodes 6 and/or the precipitation electrodes in a way which facilitates cleaning, installation and removal. By alternately exciting and de-exciting installed electromagnets 29; 41,42; 52,53 in a controlled manner, the suspended electrodes 27; 33,35 can be caused to oscillate and can consequently be conveniently and effectively cleaned. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Elektrofilter für die Reinigung von Gasen, bestehend aus einem durchströmbaren Gehäuse, in dem wenigstens ein Filterelement mit einer Niederschlagselektrode und einer isolierten Sprühelektrode angeordnet ist, die im Abstand zueinander in einer Betriebs­stellung gehalten sind, wobei die Sprühelektrode an ein Hochspannungsaggregat angeschlossen ist.The invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for the purification of gases, consisting of a flow-through housing, in which at least one filter element with a precipitation electrode and an insulated spray electrode is arranged, which are held at a distance from one another in an operating position, the spray electrode being connected to a high-voltage unit connected.

Ein solcher Elektrofilter ist bekannt (DE-AS 27 43 292).Such an electrostatic filter is known (DE-AS 27 43 292).

Elektrofilter gehören zu den wirksamsten Gasreinigungsvor­richtungen. Sie erreichen eine hohe Abscheidewirksamkeit auch für kleine und kleinste Partikel (Aerosole) sowohl in fester wie in flüssiger Form. Abweichend von der Ausführung mit unter Hochspannung stehenden drahtförmigen Sprühelektro­den und diese einschließenden rohrförmigen oder plattenför­migen Niederschlagselektroden, die bevorzugt geerdet sind, sind außerdem vorwiegend in der Klimatechnik verwendete Filter bekannt, bei denen die abzuscheidenden Partikel zu­erst elektrisch aufgeladen und dann in einer nachfolgenden Abscheidezone abgetrennt werden.Electrofilters are among the most effective gas cleaning devices. They achieve a high separation efficiency even for small and very small particles (aerosols) both in solid and in liquid form. Deviating from the version with high-voltage wire-shaped spray electrodes and including tubular or plate-shaped precipitation electrodes, which are preferably earthed, filters are also mainly used in air conditioning technology, in which the particles to be separated are first electrically charged and then separated in a subsequent separation zone.

Als Sprühelektroden werden einfache Runddrähte, Drähte mit aufgesetzten Spitzen, Drähte mit sternförmigen Querschnitten, bandförmige Elektroden, Wickelelektroden und andere Elektroden­ formen verwendet. Als Niederschlagselektroden, die eine ent­sprechende Niederschlagsfläche aufweisen, kommen außer Roh­ren und Platten auch Waben und andere Formen in Betracht, wobei ggf. Fangtaschen, Schlitze, Leitbleche und dergleichen angeordnet sind.Spray electrodes are simple round wires, wires with attached tips, wires with star-shaped cross sections, ribbon-shaped electrodes, winding electrodes and other electrodes shapes used. In addition to pipes and plates, honeycombs and other shapes can also be used as precipitation electrodes, which have a corresponding precipitation area, catch pockets, slots, baffles and the like being arranged if necessary.

Im Interesse einer hohen Durchsatzleistung werden Elektro­filter meistens mehrgassig ausgeführt, der Gasstrom also auf mehrere Filterelemente aufgeteilt, deren Sprühelektro­den vorzugsweise an ein gemeinsames Hochspannungsaggregat angeschlossen sind. Im übrigen ist es für eine hohe Abschei­deleistung wichtig, daß die Abstände zwischen den Sprüh- und den Niederschlagselektroden möglichst gleichmäßig und kon­stant gehalten werden und elektrische Durchschläge vermieden werden, bei denen das elektrische Feld kurzzeitig zusammen­bricht. Außerdem ist es wichtig, daß die Elektroden sauber gehalten bzw. abgereinigt werden, was insbesondere für die Niederschlagsflächen gilt. Dieses geschieht üblicherweise periodisch durch klopfen, bürsten, spülen oder abblasen.In the interest of a high throughput, electrostatic precipitators are usually designed with multiple gasses, i.e. the gas flow is divided into several filter elements, the spray electrodes of which are preferably connected to a common high-voltage unit. In addition, it is important for a high separation performance that the distances between the spray and the precipitation electrodes are kept as uniform and constant as possible and electrical breakdowns are avoided, in which the electrical field collapses briefly. It is also important that the electrodes are kept clean or cleaned, which is particularly true for the precipitation areas. This is usually done periodically by tapping, brushing, rinsing or blowing off.

Beim vorgenannten bekannten Elektrofilter (Röhrenfilter bzw. Plattenfilter)wird mit einer hohen Spannung von 40 bis 50 kV bei einem Elektrodenabstand von 80 bis 100 mm gearbeitet. Die Reinigung der Niederschlagselektroden erfolgt kontinuier­lich mit Kondensationsflüssigkeit aus dem gesättigt zugeführ­ten Gasstrom, wozu die Niederschlagselektroden auf der Rück­seite ihrer Niederschlagsfläche gekühlt werden, so daß ein Kondensationsflüssigkeitsfilm mit den abgeschiedenen Par­tikeln auf den Niederschlagsflächen herabläuft. Durch ent­sprechende Verfahrensmaßnahmen muß darauf hingewirkt werden, daß die gesamte Niederschlagsfläche ständig mit einem Film aus Kondensationsflüssigkeit bedeckt ist. Dann ist zwar eine gute Abreinigung auch bei schwierigen weil beispielsweise klebrigen Gasverunreinigungen zu erreichen, dieses setzt jedoch einen entsprechenden Aufwand voraus. Im übrigen ist es aber nicht zu vermeiden, daß in bestimmten Zeitabständen der Elektrofilter außer Betrieb gesetzt und gewartet bzw. gereinigt wird, wozu zumindest die drahtförmigen Sprühelek­troden ausgebaut werden.In the aforementioned known electrostatic filter (tubular filter or plate filter), a high voltage of 40 to 50 kV is used with an electrode spacing of 80 to 100 mm. The precipitation electrodes are cleaned continuously with condensation liquid from the saturated gas stream, for which purpose the precipitation electrodes are cooled on the rear side of their precipitation surface, so that a condensation liquid film with the separated particles runs down on the precipitation surfaces. Appropriate procedural measures must be taken to ensure that the entire precipitation surface is constantly covered with a film of condensation liquid. Good cleaning can then be achieved even with difficult gas contaminants, for example sticky, but this requires a corresponding effort. For the rest is but it cannot be avoided that the electrostatic filter is put out of operation and serviced or cleaned at certain intervals, for which purpose at least the wire-shaped spray electrodes are removed.

Im Interesse eines gleichmäßigen Abstands bzw. einer Zentrie­rung der drahtförmigen Sprühelektroden innerhalb der Rohr­elektroden bzw. zwischen den Plattenelektroden sind die Sprüh­elektroden oberhalb der Niederschlagselektroden ortsfest auf­gehängt. An ihrem unterhalb der Niederschlagselektroden be­findlichen unteren Ende sind die drahtförmigen Sprühelektro­den mit einem Gewicht beschwert, wodurch die Elektroden­drähte gespannt sind und senkrecht von ihrem Aufhängungs­punkt herabhängen. Die angehängten Gewichte können bei rich­tiger Bemessung zwar einen glatten geradlinig herabhängenden Verlauf der Sprühelektrodendrähte bewirken, der bei Reini­gungs- und Wartungsarbeiten erfolgende Ein- und Ausbau der Sprühelektroden wird durch die angehängten Gewichte jedoch erschwert, insbesondere weil üblicherweise je Elektrofilter eine größere Anzahl von Sprühelektrodendrähten vorgesehen sind.In the interest of a uniform spacing or centering of the wire-shaped spray electrodes within the tube electrodes or between the plate electrodes, the spray electrodes are suspended in a stationary manner above the precipitation electrodes. The wire-shaped spray electrodes are weighted at their lower end below the precipitation electrodes, as a result of which the electrode wires are tensioned and hang vertically from their suspension point. When correctly dimensioned, the attached weights can cause the spray electrode wires to run smoothly in a straight line, but installing and removing the spray electrodes during cleaning and maintenance work is made more difficult by the attached weights, in particular because a larger number of spray electrode wires are usually provided for each electrostatic filter .

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Elektrofilter so auszubilden, daß eine einwandfreie Zentrierung der Elektroden bei gleichzeitig einfachem Ein- und Ausbau ge­währleistet ist. Dabei wird auch eine einfache und wirksame Möglichkeit zur Abreinigung der Elektroden erstrebt.The invention has for its object to design the electrostatic filter so that a perfect centering of the electrodes is guaranteed with easy installation and removal. A simple and effective way of cleaning the electrodes is also sought.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem Elektrofilter der eingangs ge­nannten Bauart erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Sprüh­elektrode und/oder die Niederschlagselektrode durch die Mag­netkraft wenigstens eines Magneten in der Betriebsstellung gehalten sind.The object is achieved according to the invention in an electrostatic precipitator of the type mentioned in the introduction in that the spray electrode and / or the precipitation electrode are held in the operating position by the magnetic force of at least one magnet.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Appropriate refinements and developments result from the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Magnethalterung der Elektroden ist so­wohl mittels eines Permanentmagneten wie mittels eines Elektromagneten durchführbar, wobei ein Elektromagnet auf einfache Weise die Möglichkeit bietet, die Magnetkraft zu verändern oder anzupassen. Mittels der vorgesehenen Magnet­krafthalterung kann ein Sprühelektrodendraht aber auch eine Niederschlagselektrode aufgehängt und an ihrem unteren Ende in der optimalen Lage gehalten werden, ohne daß dazu eine mechanische Verankerung oder das Anbringen von Gewichten notwendig wird. Dabei können magnetische Haft-, Anzugs- und Abstoßungskräfte genutzt werden. Diese ermöglichen ein exaktes Zentrieren unter Vermeidung unerwünschter Auslen­kungen und gleichzeitig ein "Spannen" der Elektroden. Im Gegensatz dazu haben die vorstehend erwähnten angehängten Gewichte im wesentlichen eine Spannfunktion, wobei die Zentrierwirkung nur gering ist. Es ist ersichtlich, daß durch Magnetkräfte gehaltene Elektroden, insbesondere draht­förmige Sprühelektroden, ein- und ausgebaut werden können, ohne daß entsprechende Befestigungs- bzw. Lösemaßnahmen vor­genommen oder Gewichte angehängt bzw. abgenommen werden müssen. Dabei ergibt sich nach der erstmalig richtigen An­ordnung der Magnete selbsttätig die optimale Ausrichtung bzw. Zentrierung.The magnetic holder of the electrodes according to the invention can be carried out both by means of a permanent magnet and by means of an electromagnet, wherein an electromagnet offers the possibility to change or adapt the magnetic force in a simple manner. By means of the magnetic force holder provided, a spray electrode wire but also a precipitation electrode can be suspended and held in the optimal position at its lower end without the need for mechanical anchoring or the attachment of weights. Magnetic adhesive, pulling and repelling forces can be used. These enable exact centering while avoiding undesired deflections and at the same time "tensioning" the electrodes. In contrast, the above-mentioned attached weights essentially have a clamping function, the centering effect being only slight. It can be seen that electrodes held by magnetic forces, in particular wire-shaped spray electrodes, can be installed and removed without corresponding fastening or detaching measures being carried out or weights having to be attached or detached. After the correct arrangement of the magnets for the first time, the optimum alignment or centering results automatically.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist die Nutzung veränderbarer elektro­magnetischer Kräfte, um die Elektroden in kontrollierter Weise in Schwingungen zu versetzen und sie dadurch abzu­reinigen. Dadurch können andere Abreinigungsmaßnahmen wie Klopfen oder Spülen ersetzt oder sinnvoll ergänzt werden, wobei sich kein wesentlicher zusätzlicher Aufwand ergibt.The use of changeable electromagnetic forces is particularly expedient in order to set the electrodes in a controlled manner to vibrate and thereby to clean them. As a result, other cleaning measures such as tapping or rinsing can be replaced or supplemented in a meaningful manner, with no significant additional expenditure.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nach­folgend anhand einer schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Elektrofilter mit rohrförmigen Niederschlags­elektroden in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht;
  • Fig. 2 den Schnitt nach Linie II-II in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 den unteren Teil einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden jedoch abgewandelten Ausbildung;
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt längs Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3; und
  • Fig. 5 in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung den die Elektroden aufweisenden mittleren Teil eines Platten­filters.
Practical embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of a schematic drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an electrostatic filter with tubular precipitation electrodes in a partially sectioned side view;
  • Figure 2 shows the section along line II-II in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the lower part of a Figure 1 corresponding but modified training.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in FIG. 3; and
  • 5 in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, the central part of a plate filter having the electrodes.

Der in Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Elektrofilter 1 weist ein Gehäuse 2 mit einem vertikal angeordneten zylindrischen Gehäusemantel 3 auf, in dem sieben Filterelemente (Fig. 2) angeordnet sind, von denen der Deutlichkeit halber in Fig. 1 nur drei längs eines gemeinsamen Durchmessers nebeneinander angeordnete Filterelemente dargestellt sind. Die Filter­elemente 4 sind in gleicher Weise ausgebildet. Jedes Filter­element 4 besteht aus einer rohrförmigen Niederschlagselek­trode 5, die in nicht dargestellter Weise innerhalb des Ge­häuses 2 befestigt ist, und aus einer drahtförmigen Sprüh­elektrode 6, die sich längs der Achse der zugehörigen Nie­derschlagselektrode 5 sowie über diese nach oben und unten hinaus erstreckt. Angedeutet ist eine Erdung 7 der Nieder­schlagselektroden 5.The electrostatic filter 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 2 with a vertically arranged cylindrical housing shell 3, in which seven filter elements (FIG. 2) are arranged, of which only three alongside one another in FIG. 1 along a common diameter for the sake of clarity arranged filter elements are shown. The filter elements 4 are designed in the same way. Each filter element 4 consists of a tubular precipitation electrode 5, which is fastened within the housing 2 in a manner not shown, and of a wire-shaped spray electrode 6, which extends along the axis of the associated precipitation electrode 5 and above and upwards and downwards. A grounding 7 of the precipitation electrodes 5 is indicated.

Der Gehäusemantel 3 weist an seinem unteren Ende einen Ein­trittsstutzen 8 für Rohgas und an seinem oberen Ende einen Austrittsstutzen 9 für Reingas auf. Der Gehäusemantel 3 ist oben durch einen Deckel 10 geschlossen und weist an seinem unteren Ende einen Trichterboden 11 mit einem Ablaufstutzen 12 für die Abführung der abgeschiedenen Verunreinigungen auf.The housing jacket 3 has an inlet connector 8 for raw gas at its lower end and an outlet connector 9 for clean gas at its upper end. The housing shell 3 is closed at the top by a cover 10 and has at its lower end a funnel bottom 11 with a drainage pipe 12 for the removal of the separated impurities.

Die Sprühelektroden 6 sind mit ihrem oberen Ende an einer Tragplatte 13 aufgehängt, die in nicht dargestellter Weise im Gehäuse 2 elektrisch isoliert abgestützt ist. Die Sprühelektroden 6 sind über einen Leiter 14, der durch eine Isolierdurchführung 15 im Deckel 10 verläuft, an ein Hoch­spannungsaggregat 16 angeschlossen, das mit einer Erdung 17 versehen ist.The upper end of the spray electrodes 6 is suspended from a support plate 13 which is supported in an electrically insulated manner in the housing 2 in a manner not shown. The spray electrodes 6 are connected via a conductor 14, which runs through an insulating bushing 15 in the cover 10, to a high-voltage unit 16, which is provided with an earth 17.

Mit geringem Abstand über dem Eintrittstutzen 8 ist eine Lochplatte 18 im Gehäusemantel 3 angeordnet. Auf dieser ausreichenden Durchtrittsquerschnitt für den Gasstrom auf­weisenden Lochplatte 18 sind sieben Elektromagnete 19 be­festigt, die über Stromversorgungsleitungen 20 und 21 an eine Stromquelle 22 angeschlossen sind. Mittels einer Steuereinrichtung 23 kann die Stromversorgung, beispiels­weise die Frequenz, verändert und dadurch eine entsprechende Magnetwirkung hervorgerufen werden. Die erregten Elektro­magnete 19 wirken anziehend auf die im Abstand über ihnen angeordneten unteren Enden der Sprühelektroden 6. Zur Er­höhung der Magnetwirkung sind an den unteren Enden der Sprühelektroden 6 Gegenpole 24 angeordnet. Die Magnetkraft der erregten Elektromagnete 19 bewirkt eine Anziehung der unteren Enden der Sprühelektroden 6 und damit deren Straf­fung in vertikaler Richtung sowie eine stabile Zentrierung der unteren Enden der Sprühelektroden 6 in Ausrichtung auf die ortsfesten Magnete 19. Durch Änderungen des Magnet­feldes mit bestimmter Frequenz (Resonanzfrequenz) können die Sprühelektroden 6 zum Schwingen gebracht werden, so daß Verschmutzungen von diesen Elektroden abgeworfen wer­den.A perforated plate 18 is arranged in the housing jacket 3 at a short distance above the inlet connection 8. Seven electromagnets 19 are attached to this sufficient passage cross section for the perforated plate 18 having gas flow and are connected to a power source 22 via power supply lines 20 and 21. The power supply, for example the frequency, can be changed by means of a control device 23 and a corresponding magnetic effect can thereby be produced. The excited electromagnets 19 have an attractive effect on the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6, which are arranged at a distance above them. To increase the magnetic effect, 6 opposite poles 24 are arranged at the lower ends of the spray electrodes. The magnetic force of the excited electromagnets 19 causes the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 to be tightened and thus tightened in the vertical direction, as well as a stable centering of the lower ends of the spray electrodes 6 in alignment with the fixed magnets 19. By changing the magnetic field with a certain frequency (resonance frequency) the spray electrodes 6 can be made to vibrate so that dirt is thrown off these electrodes.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß zahlreiche Abwandlungen am vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 1 und 2 vorgesehen werden können. Insbesondere wird norma­lerweise eine wesentlich größere Zahl von Filterelementen vorgesehen, so daß die rohrförmigen Niederschlagselektroden den Querschnitt des Gehäusemantels 3 weitgehend ausfüllen, wobei dafür gesorgt wird, daß der Gasstrom nur innerhalb der Niederschlagselektroden 5 verläuft. Ferner liegt es im Interesse einer gleichmäßigen und guten Durchströmung der Niederschlagselektroden 5, wenn die Tragplatte 13 für die Sprühelektroden 6 mit Durchbrechungen versehen ist und da­her ein weitgehend ungehindertes Ausströmen des Gases zu­läßt. Auch kann anstelle der Lochplatte 18 nur eine gitter­artige oder stabförmige Unterstützung für die Magnete 19 vorgesehen sein, damit die an den Elektroden abgeschiede­nen Partikel ggf. nach entsprechenden Reinigungsmaßnahmen im wesentlichen ungehindert in den Trichterboden 11 fallen können.It should be noted that numerous modifications to the embodiment described above can be provided according to Figures 1 and 2. In particular, a significantly larger number of filter elements is normally used provided so that the tubular precipitation electrodes largely fill the cross section of the housing shell 3, taking care that the gas flow runs only within the precipitation electrodes 5. Furthermore, it is in the interest of a uniform and good flow through the precipitation electrodes 5 if the support plate 13 for the spray electrodes 6 is provided with openings and therefore allows the gas to flow out largely unimpeded. Instead of the perforated plate 18, only a lattice-like or rod-shaped support for the magnets 19 can be provided so that the particles deposited on the electrodes can fall into the funnel bottom 11 essentially unhindered after appropriate cleaning measures.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 3 und 4 sind wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit Figuren 1 und 2 beschrieben im Gehäusemantel 25 rohrförmige Niederschlagselektroden 26 und drahtförmige Sprühelektroden 27 angeordnet, die gleichfalls nach unten über die Niederschlagselektroden 26 hinaus ragen. Das untere Ende des Gehäusemantels 26 ist wiederum durch einen Trichterboden 28 verschlossen. Eine der Lochplatte 18 gemäß Fig. 1 entsprechende Magnetunterstützung fehlt. Viel­mehr sind statt dessen vier Magnete 29, zweckmäßigerweise wiederum Elektromagnete,in gleicher Höhenlage und mit gleichmäßiger Verteilung am Innenumfang des Gehäusemantels 25 befestigt. Jedem Magneten 29 ist mit im wesentlichen radialem Abstand ein Gegenpol 30 zugeordnet, der am Umfang einer flachen sich horizontal erstreckenden Halterung 31 angeordnet ist. An dieser Halterung sind die Sprühelektro­den 27 mit ihrem unteren Ende befestigt. Somit werden die Sprühelektroden 27 mittels einer gemeinsamen Anordnung magnetisch zentriert. Ein axiales Spannen kann bei dieser Anordnung durch eine geringe axiale Versetzung der Magnete 29 gegenüber den Gegenpolen 30 nach unten erreicht werden. Allerdings ist hier für ein gleichmäßiges Spannen eine exakt gleiche Länge der Sprühelektroden 27 erforderlich.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, as already described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, tubular precipitation electrodes 26 and wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are arranged in the housing jacket 25 and likewise protrude downward beyond the precipitation electrodes 26. The lower end of the housing shell 26 is in turn closed by a funnel bottom 28. A magnetic support corresponding to the perforated plate 18 according to FIG. 1 is missing. Instead, four magnets 29, expediently in turn electromagnets, are instead fastened at the same height and with a uniform distribution on the inner circumference of the housing shell 25. Each magnet 29 is associated with a substantially radial distance, a counter pole 30 which is arranged on the circumference of a flat horizontally extending bracket 31. The spray electrodes 27 are fastened to this holder with their lower end. The spray electrodes 27 are thus magnetically centered by means of a common arrangement. In this arrangement, axial clamping can be achieved by a slight axial displacement of the magnets 29 with respect to the opposite poles 30 downwards. However, an exact same length of the spray electrodes 27 is required for a uniform clamping.

Auf Grund der vorgesehenen axialsymmetrischen Anordnung der Magnete 29 wird die Halterung 31 bei gleich starken Magneten im Gehäusemantel 25 zentriert, womit eine Zentrierung der Sprühelektroden 27 innerhalb der zugehörigen Niederschlags­elektroden 26 einhergeht. Wie leicht ersichtlich kann auch hier durch eine gesteuerte Veränderung der Magnetkräfte in bestimmter Abfolge die Halterung 31 in ihrer Ebene verla­gert und beispielsweise in radiale Schwingungen oder auch in kreisende Bewegungen versetzt werden. Entsprechend wer­den dann die drahtförmigen Sprühelektroden 27 ausgelenkt bzw. in Schwingungen versetzt.On account of the intended axially symmetrical arrangement of the magnets 29, the holder 31 is centered in the housing jacket 25 with magnets of the same strength, which means that the spray electrodes 27 are centered within the associated precipitation electrodes 26. As can easily be seen, the holder 31 can also be shifted in its plane by a controlled change of the magnetic forces in a specific sequence and, for example, set in radial vibrations or in circular movements. Accordingly, the wire-shaped spray electrodes 27 are then deflected or vibrated.

Wie aus Fig. 4 zu ersehen ist die Halterung 31 nicht als geschlossene Platte sondern etwa radförmig mit einer Nabe, Speichen und einem Radkranz ausgebildet, damit der auf­steigende Gasstrom und die herabfallenden abgeschiedenen Teilchen möglichst wenig behindert werden.As can be seen from FIG. 4, the holder 31 is not designed as a closed plate but rather in the form of a wheel with a hub, spokes and a wheel rim, so that the rising gas flow and the falling separated particles are prevented as little as possible.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5 weist ein Gehäuse 32 von im wesentlichen rechteckigem Horizontalquerschnitt auf. In diesem sind eine Reihe zueinander paralleler platten­förmiger Niederschlagselektroden 33 angeordnet, von denen der Einfachheit halber nur drei gezeichnet sind. Die Niederschlagselektroden 33 bestehen aus Metall und sind in nicht dargestellter Weise geerdet. Sie sind an ihrem obe­ren Ende ortsfest im Gehäuse 32 aufgehängt, beispielsweise mittels Leisten 34, die sich über die gesamte Länge der oberen Elektrodenkante erstrecken. Zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Niederschlagselektroden 33 erstreckt sich eine Reihe von drahtförmigen Sprühelektroden 35, wobei in der Zeichnung von jeder Reihe nur eine Sprühelektrode zu sehen ist. Auch hier sind die Sprühelektroden 35 an einem ortsfest und isoliert abgestützten Träger 36 aufgehängt und werden über einen Leiter 37 unter Hochspannung gesetzt. Wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 werden die Sprühelek­troden 35 dadurch zentriert und gespannt, daß jeweils an ihrem unteren Ende ein Gegenpol 38 befestigt ist, der mit einem im Axialabstand darunter angeordneten Dauermagneten 39 zusammenwirkt. Jede Reihe von Dauermagneten 39 ist auf einem stabförmigen Träger 40 befestigt.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 has a housing 32 of essentially rectangular horizontal cross section. A series of parallel plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are arranged in this, of which only three are shown for the sake of simplicity. The precipitation electrodes 33 are made of metal and are grounded in a manner not shown. They are fixed at their upper end in the housing 32, for example by means of strips 34, which extend over the entire length of the upper electrode edge. A row of wire-shaped spray electrodes 35 extends between each two adjacent precipitation electrodes 33, only one spray electrode from each row being visible in the drawing. Here, too, the spray electrodes 35 are on one fixed and insulated supported carrier 36 and are placed under high voltage via a conductor 37. As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the spray electrodes 35 are centered and tensioned in that a counter pole 38 is fastened at their lower end, which interacts with a permanent magnet 39 arranged at an axial distance below it. Each row of permanent magnets 39 is fastened on a rod-shaped carrier 40.

In ähnlicher Weise wie in Figuren 3 und 4 sind an der Innen­wand des Gehäuses 32 sich gegenüberliegend Elektromagnete 41 und 42 mit einer Stromquelle 43 bzw. 44 und einer zugehöri­gen Steuereinrichtung 45 bzw. 46 angeordnet. Den Elektro­magneten 41, 42 liegen im Horizontalabstand Gegenpole 47 bzw. 48 gegenüber, die jeweils über einen Arm 49 an einem Führungsrahmen 50 abgestützt sind. Der aus isolierendem Werkstoff bestehende Führungsrahmen 50 weist zwei Reihen von Führungsöffnungen 51 auf, die bei entsprechender Anord­nung jeweils eine Sprühelektrode 35 aufnehmen. Wie ohne weiteres ersichtlich kann durch eine wechselweise erfolgen­de gesteuerte Erregung und Entregung der Elektromagnete 41 und 42 der Führungsrahmen 50 in horizontale Schwingungen (in der Zeichnungsebene) versetzt werden, wodurch die Sprüh­elektroden 35 zu ihrer Abreinigung entsprechend bewegt wer­den können.In a manner similar to that in FIGS. 3 and 4, electromagnets 41 and 42 with a current source 43 and 44 and an associated control device 45 and 46 are arranged opposite one another on the inner wall of the housing 32. The electromagnets 41, 42 are opposite poles 47 and 48, which are each supported by an arm 49 on a guide frame 50. The guide frame 50, which is made of insulating material, has two rows of guide openings 51, each of which accommodates a spray electrode 35 if arranged appropriately. As can be readily seen, alternately controlled excitation and de-excitation of the electromagnets 41 and 42 can cause the guide frame 50 to vibrate horizontally (in the plane of the drawing), as a result of which the spray electrodes 35 can be moved accordingly for their cleaning.

Wichtiger als die Abreinigung der Sprühelektroden 35 ist je­doch die Abreinigung der Niederschlagselektroden, da auf diesen die Partikel abgeschieden werden. Nach Fig. 5 er­folgt auch eine Abreinigung der Niederschlagselektroden 33 mittels durch Magnetkräfte erzeugter Schwingungen. Dazu ist der Unterkante jeder Niederschlagselektrode wenigstens ein Paar von Elektromagneten 52 und 53 zugeordnet. Die beiden Magnete eines jeden Magnetpaars 52, 53 sind unterschiedlich erregbar, weswegen in der Zeichnung den linken Magneten 52 bzw. den rechten Magneten 53 unterschiedliche Stromquellen 54 bzw. 55 und Steuereinrichtungen 56 bzw. 57 zugeordnet sind - gezeichnet für die beiden außenliegenden Elektro­magnete. Natürlich könnte auch eine gemeinsame Stromquelle und eine gemeinsame Steuereinrichtung mit der entsprechen­den Anzahl von Verbindungsleitungen vorgesehen sein.However, the cleaning of the precipitation electrodes is more important than the cleaning of the spray electrodes 35, since the particles are deposited on these. According to FIG. 5, the precipitation electrodes 33 are also cleaned by means of vibrations generated by magnetic forces. For this purpose, the lower edge of each precipitation electrode is assigned at least one pair of electromagnets 52 and 53. The two magnets of each magnet pair 52, 53 can be excited differently, which is why in the drawing the left magnet 52 or the right magnets 53 different current sources 54 and 55 and control devices 56 and 57 are assigned - drawn for the two external electromagnets. Of course, a common power source and a common control device with the corresponding number of connecting lines could also be provided.

In Fig. 5 sind die plattenförmigen Niederschlagselektroden 33 in einer senkrecht herabhängenden Stellung gezeigt, die sie einnehmen, wenn die Elektromagneten 52 und 53 nicht oder in gleichem Maße mit übereinstimmender Magnetkraft er­regt sind. Der letztgenannte Fall einer gleichmäßigen Erre­gung kann zweckmäßig sein, um die flexiblen dünnen Nieder­schlagselektroden 33 in einer stabilen senkrecht herabhän­genden Stellung zu halten. Auch hier ist aus der Zeichnung leicht zu ersehen, daß bei einer wechselweisen Erregung und Entregung der Elektromagnete 52 und 53 die Unterkanten der Niederschlagselektroden 33 in horizontale Schwingungen ver­setzt und dabei die Niederschlagselektroden im wesentlichen über ihre ganze Höhe mehr oder minder stark ausgelenkt wer­den, was zu einer besonders einfachen und guten Abreinigung führt.In Fig. 5, the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes 33 are shown in a vertically depending position, which they assume when the electromagnets 52 and 53 are not excited or to the same extent with a matching magnetic force. The latter case of a uniform excitation can be expedient in order to keep the flexible thin precipitation electrodes 33 in a stable, vertically depending position. Here, too, it is easy to see from the drawing that when the electromagnets 52 and 53 are alternately energized and de-energized, the lower edges of the precipitation electrodes 33 are set in horizontal vibrations and the precipitation electrodes are deflected more or less strongly over their entire height, which leads to leads to a particularly simple and good cleaning.

Auch beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5 können in viel­facher Hinsicht Abänderungen vorgenommen werden. Insbeson­dere kann das zu reinigende Gas auch horizontal durch die zwischen den plattenförmigen Niederschlagselektroden ge­bildeten Gassen durchgeführt werden.5 can also be modified in many ways. In particular, the gas to be cleaned can also be passed horizontally through the alleys formed between the plate-shaped precipitation electrodes.

Claims (16)

1. Elektrofilter für die Reinigung von Gasen, bestehend aus einem durchströmbaren Gehäuse (2,25,32), in dem wenigstens ein Filterelement (4) mit einer Niederschlagselektrode (5,26,33) und einer isolierten Sprühelektrode (6,27,35) angeordnet ist, die im Abstand zueinander in einer Be­triebsstellung gehalten sind, wobei die Sprühelektrode (6,27,35) an ein Hochspannungsaggregat (16) angeschlos­sen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sprühelektrode (6,27,35) und/oder die Niederschlags­elektrode(33) durch die Magnetkraft wenigstens eines Magneten (19,29,39,52,53) in der Betriebsstellung ge­halten sind.1. Electro filter for the purification of gases, consisting of a flow-through housing (2,25,32), in which at least one filter element (4) with a precipitation electrode (5,26,33) and an insulated spray electrode (6,27,35 ) is arranged, which are held at a distance from one another in an operating position, the spray electrode (6, 27, 35) being connected to a high-voltage unit (16), characterized in that the spray electrode (6, 27, 35) and / or the Precipitation electrode (33) are held in the operating position by the magnetic force of at least one magnet (19, 29, 39, 52, 53). 2. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß eine zweiteilige Magnetanordnung (19,24; 29,­30; 38,39) aus einem Magneten (19,29,39) und einem Gegen­pol (24,30,38) vorgesehen ist, wobei das eine Magnetan­ordnungsteil (24,30,38) an der Elektrode (6,27,35) be­festigt und das andere Magnetanordnungsteil (19,29,39) ortsfest im Gehäuse (2,25,32) angeordnet ist.2. An electrostatic filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a two-part magnet arrangement (19, 24; 29, 30; 38, 39) comprising a magnet (19, 29, 39) and an opposite pole (24, 30, 38) is provided, the one magnet arrangement part (24, 30, 38) being fastened to the electrode (6, 27, 35) and the other magnet arrangement part (19, 29, 39) being arranged in a stationary manner in the housing (2,25, 32). 3. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Betriebs­stellung die beiden Magnetanordnungsteile (19,24; 29,30; 38,39) einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen, so daß die durch Magnetkraft in der Betriebsstellung gehaltene Elektrode (6,27,35) zusätzlich durch die magnetische An­ziehungskraft gespannt wird.3. Electro filter according to claim 2, characterized in that in the operating position the two magnet arrangement parts (19, 24; 29, 30; 38, 39) are at a distance from one another, so that the electrode (6, 27, 35) is additionally tensioned by the magnetic attraction. 4. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnet (19,29,39) ortsfest im Gehäuse (2,25,32) angeordnet und der Gegenpol (24,30,38) an der Elektrode (6,27,35) befestigt ist.4. An electrostatic filter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the magnet (19, 29, 39) is arranged in the housing (2, 25, 32) and the opposite pole (24, 30, 38) on the electrode (6, 27) , 35) is attached. 5. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnet (19,29,39,­41,42,52,53) und/oder der Gegenpol (24,30,38,47,48) mit einem chemisch resistenten Werkstoff ummantelt ist.5. Electro filter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnet (19,29,39,41,42,52,53) and / or the opposite pole (24,30,38,47,48) with one chemically resistant material is encased. 6. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnet (19,29,39,­41,42,52,53) und/oder der Gegenpol (24,30,38,47,48) mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Werkstoff ummantelt ist.6. Electro filter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the magnet (19,29,39,41,42,52,53) and / or the opposite pole (24,30,38,47,48) with one electrically insulating material is coated. 7. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnet (19,29,39,­41,42,52,53) und/oder der Gegenpol (24,30,38) leicht lösbar an der Elektrode (6,27,35) bzw. im Gehäuse (2,25,­32) befestigt ist.7. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the magnet (19, 29, 39, 41, 42, 52, 53) and / or the opposite pole (24, 30, 38) is easily detachable on the electrode ( 6.27.35) or in the housing (2.25.32). 8. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, insbe­sondere nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Magnet (19,29,39,41,42,52,53) mit Pol­schuhen versehen ist.8. Electrofilter according to one of claims 1 to 7, in particular according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnet (19,29,39,41,42,52,53) is provided with pole pieces. 9. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Magnet ein Elek­tromagnet (19,29,41,42,52,53) vorgesehen ist.9. Electro filter according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an electromagnet (19, 29, 41, 42, 52, 53) is provided as the magnet. 10. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß dem Elektromagneten (19,29,41,42,­52,53) eine Steuereinrichtung (23,45,46,56,57) zur Änderung des zugeführten elektrischen Stroms zugeordnet ist.10. Electro filter according to claim 9, characterized in that the electromagnet (19, 29, 41, 42, 52, 53) is assigned a control device (23, 45, 46, 56, 57) for changing the supplied electrical current. 11. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtung (23,45,46, 56,57) der Zuführung eines pulsierenden Gleichstroms oder eines Wechselstroms mit veränderbarer Frequenz dient.11. An electrostatic filter according to claim 10, characterized in that the control device (23, 45, 46, 56, 57) serves to supply a pulsating direct current or an alternating current with a variable frequency. 12. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der mittels der Steuereinrichtung (23,45,46,56,57) einstellbare Frequenzbereich die Re­sonanzfrequenz der in Schwingungen versetzbaren Elektro­de (6,27,35,33) umfaßt.12. Electro filter according to claim 11, characterized in that the frequency range which can be set by means of the control device (23, 45, 46, 56, 57) comprises the resonance frequency of the electrode (6, 27, 35, 33) which can be made to vibrate. 13. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektrode (33) zwei Magnete (52,53) zugeordnet sind, die jeweils für sich die Elektrode (33) in unterschiedlichen Stel­lungen halten und daß wenigstens ein Magnet mittels einer Impulseinrichtung elektrisch erregbar ist.13. Electro filter according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the electrode (33) are associated with two magnets (52, 53), each holding the electrode (33) in different positions for themselves and that at least one magnet by means of a Pulse device is electrically excitable. 14. Elektrofilter nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Impulsfrequenz mittels der Impulseinrichtung auf die Resonanzfrequenz der in Schwingungen versetzbaren Elektrode (33) einstellbar ist.14. Electrostatic filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the pulse frequency can be adjusted by means of the pulse device to the resonance frequency of the vibratable electrode (33). 15. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 mit mehreren Filterelementen (4), dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Sprühelektroden (6,35) und/­oder die Niederschlagselektroden (33) jeweils einzeln mittels eigener Magneten (19,39,52,53) in der Betriebs­stellung gehalten sind.15. Electro filter according to one of claims 1 to 14 with a plurality of filter elements (4), characterized in that the spray electrodes (6, 35) and / or the precipitation electrodes (33) each individually by means of their own magnets (19, 39, 52, 53) are kept in the operating position. 16. Elektrofilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 mit mehreren Filterelementen (4), dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Sprühelektrode (27) und/oder die Niederschlagselektroden insgesamt oder gruppen­weise mittels gemeinsamer Magneten (29) in der Betriebs­stellung gehalten sind.16. Electrostatic filter according to one of claims 1 to 14 with a plurality of filter elements (4), characterized in that the spray electrode (27) and / or the precipitation electrodes are held in the operating position as a whole or in groups by means of common magnets (29).
EP90108968A 1989-05-12 1990-05-12 Electrostatic precipitator for gas cleaning Expired - Lifetime EP0397208B1 (en)

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DE3915639A DE3915639C1 (en) 1989-05-12 1989-05-12

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1050341A2 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Paul Forsthuber Tubular electrofilter with movable electrodes
DE102006009765A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Tube electrostatic filter for cleaning e.g. air flow, has spray electrodes fastened at ends of holding device arranged adjacent to inlet and outlet ends, where electrodes are freely arranged within collecting electrode
EP2065094A2 (en) 2007-11-27 2009-06-03 Jörg Meister Electrostatic precipitator
US8257469B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-04 Meister Environment Technology Ltd. Electrostatic filter
EP2551018A2 (en) 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces
EP1967273A3 (en) * 2007-03-05 2013-10-16 Schmatloch Nückel Technologietransfer Electrofilter for a small firing device
WO2014145272A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 O'brian Michael A Oil-collecting electrostatic precipitator
CN110354995A (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-22 Bsh家用电器有限公司 The ventilation device of the filter unit of electrostatic and the filter unit with electrostatic

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DE20118299U1 (en) * 2001-11-10 2003-03-20 Hengst Gmbh & Co Kg Electric oscillating oil filter has a composite electrode which is agitated in up to three dimensions by a vibrator
DE102019101885A1 (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Oliver Schmitz Electro separator in step form

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1050341A2 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Paul Forsthuber Tubular electrofilter with movable electrodes
EP1050341A3 (en) * 1999-05-03 2001-01-17 Paul Forsthuber Tubular electrofilter with movable electrodes
DE102006009765A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Tube electrostatic filter for cleaning e.g. air flow, has spray electrodes fastened at ends of holding device arranged adjacent to inlet and outlet ends, where electrodes are freely arranged within collecting electrode
DE102006009765B4 (en) * 2006-03-01 2008-06-12 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Tube electrostatic precipitator
EP1967273A3 (en) * 2007-03-05 2013-10-16 Schmatloch Nückel Technologietransfer Electrofilter for a small firing device
EP2065094A2 (en) 2007-11-27 2009-06-03 Jörg Meister Electrostatic precipitator
US8257469B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-04 Meister Environment Technology Ltd. Electrostatic filter
EP2551018A2 (en) 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces
EP2551018A3 (en) * 2011-07-27 2014-08-20 Beat Müller Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces
WO2014145272A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 O'brian Michael A Oil-collecting electrostatic precipitator
CN110354995A (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-22 Bsh家用电器有限公司 The ventilation device of the filter unit of electrostatic and the filter unit with electrostatic
CN110354995B (en) * 2018-04-10 2022-11-29 Bsh家用电器有限公司 Electrostatic filter unit and ventilation device with electrostatic filter unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59006399D1 (en) 1994-08-18
EP0397208A3 (en) 1991-11-06
ATE108347T1 (en) 1994-07-15
DE3915639C1 (en) 1991-01-24
EP0397208B1 (en) 1994-07-13

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