EP0393432B1 - Dispositif de fixation pour rails - Google Patents

Dispositif de fixation pour rails Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0393432B1
EP0393432B1 EP90106538A EP90106538A EP0393432B1 EP 0393432 B1 EP0393432 B1 EP 0393432B1 EP 90106538 A EP90106538 A EP 90106538A EP 90106538 A EP90106538 A EP 90106538A EP 0393432 B1 EP0393432 B1 EP 0393432B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
tpu
fixing system
clamping
molecular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90106538A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0393432A3 (en
EP0393432A2 (fr
Inventor
Eva Baum
Renate Jank
Rüdiger Dipl.-Chem. Krech
Gudrun Dipl.-Chem. Klein
Axel Koppsieker
Michael Dipl.-Chem. Gudera
Dietmar Dipl.-Chem. Heinz
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Lieschke
Ulrich Donnerstag
Franz-Dieter Rohde
Jürgen Lemke
Wilfried Bonewitz
Hans Maass
Gunther Prof. Dr. Führer
Joachim Steinberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
BASF Schwarzheide GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DD32771889A external-priority patent/DD300038A7/de
Priority claimed from DD32771789A external-priority patent/DD297854B5/de
Application filed by BASF Schwarzheide GmbH filed Critical BASF Schwarzheide GmbH
Priority to AT90106538T priority Critical patent/ATE87046T1/de
Publication of EP0393432A2 publication Critical patent/EP0393432A2/fr
Publication of EP0393432A3 publication Critical patent/EP0393432A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0393432B1 publication Critical patent/EP0393432B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/32—Fastening on steel sleepers with clamp members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/04—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry without clamp members
    • E01B9/10—Screws or bolts for sleepers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fastening system for rails, switch tracks, crane tracks and the like. on sublimations made of concrete, wood, steel or similar building materials of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Elastic or rigid steel structures are used to fasten rails to sub-thresholds for the transmission of horizontal forces.
  • a large number of differently designed construction elements are regularly required for the elastic transmission of the large vertical and horizontal forces.
  • a disadvantage of rigid constructions and solutions with spring elements made of steel is that the individual steel elements touch one another or the rail foot and that corrosion, wear and noise occur increasingly on the contact surfaces.
  • an elastic block only serves to facilitate the bracing and the approach of a rigid shaped piece and a holding element, but not to increase the flexibility of the holding element.
  • the elastic rail is fastened in that a tensioning clamp, which is fastened by a screw connection to the lower threshold element, takes over the function of the bracing and the elastic lateral force transmission.
  • DD-PS 224 350 describes an elastic and form-fitting connection of rails and sub-swelling, in which recesses provided in the sub-swelling are lined with elastic parts or embedded in the concrete, into which appropriately designed fastening means engage.
  • the fastening between the rail and the sublimation is done by a screw connection.
  • These known rail fastenings likewise do not provide any electrical and / or mechanical separation between the rail foot or the clamping element for the sublimation. This also results in high wear and an undesirable noise level.
  • the elastic and electrically insulating fastening device described in AT-PS 295 578 does not offer any sealing of the perforation of the steel clamping elements against the penetration of liquids, which lead to premature wear of the screw bolt and the dowel and a deterioration in the insulating properties.
  • Another disadvantage is that a resiliently bendable metal plate is used for the elastic bracing, which has a low life expectancy due to wear and fatigue.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a re-tensionable, elastic, steel-saving, low-wear and low-noise rail fastening, which is a simple, automatable assembly, disassembly and maintenance of Track construction enables.
  • permanent, high electrical resistance between the rail, the clamping element and the sublimation is to be achieved and the contact of steel elements with one another or with the rail to reduce wear or noise is largely avoided.
  • elastic shock absorption in the horizontal and / or vertical direction is to be achieved.
  • the rail clamping elements should also have a high resistance to cold.
  • the insulating, spring and clamping elements used to fasten the rails should be able to be produced efficiently in large quantities in terms of production technology and should guarantee simple assembly / disassembly and a reduction in maintenance expenditure.
  • the object is achieved according to the features of claim 1, wherein insulating and spring elements made of cold-resistant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are arranged in rail fastening devices in the form of elastomer bands, washers, strips and bushings so that between the rail foot and steel , Wood or concrete construction elastomer strips or bands, between the screw and clamping element elastomer washers or bushings and between the support surface of the clamping element of the sleeper or base plate and possibly the rail foot and clamping element elastomer strips, so that a high electrical resistance between the rail and sub-swelling is achieved Contact of steel elements with each other or with the rail is avoided and wear or noise reduction and electrical insulation is achieved, and horizontal and vertical forces can be absorbed in the elastic bracing.
  • TPU cold-resistant thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the invention provides simple assembly / disassembly and a reduction in the maintenance effort of the rail fastening system.
  • the rail clamping elements are designed and arranged in such a way that the tensioning force generated by a screw or nail or bolt-like connection to the rail support is elastically transferred to the rail base and the horizontal forces are directly and elastically transferred from the rail base to the rail support, and at the same time the rail is laterally fixed during tensioning and is held down.
  • the rail clamping elements according to the invention are elastic, can be re-tensioned and are suitable on rail supports made of different materials with direct rail support.
  • the connecting elements can be wedge-shaped, designed as an angle bar or as a cupping clamping element.
  • Parts of the connecting element screw, nail or bolt protrude from the rail base edge towards the center of the rail when it is tensioned. In the released state, all the parts lie outside the vertical surface, starting from the edge of the rail foot, the connecting elements in the rail support being inclined 1: 4 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 6, to the vertical.
  • the rail clamping elements according to the invention are arranged with the connecting elements, such as screws, nails or bolts, in such a way that steel parts cannot come into contact with one another during the entire rail fastening. This prevents noise and wear reduced. In addition, a high electrical resistance between the rail and rail support is achieved. Rail clamping elements can be used so that the known steel plates for power distribution can be saved.
  • the rail clamping elements can also be designed as slotted elastomer clamping elements which brace the rail base with the rail support via a screw connection and a slotted force distribution plate. This variant enables the rail fastening to be assembled and disassembled quickly.
  • the high-modulus TPU insulation and spring elements or rail clamping elements can be manufactured using conventional injection molding technology.
  • the injection molding tools used are advantageously provided with a generously designed sprue system.
  • the insulating and spring elements or rail clamping elements as fastening elements are molded on using conventional gate variants.
  • the insulating and spring elements or rail clamping elements made of cold-resistant, high-modulus TPU used for the rail fastening system according to the invention are characterized in that they consist of higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and diisocyanates in an equivalent ratio of 1 to 7 to 1 to 14 as well as low molecular weight hydroxyl compounds with an equivalent ratio to the higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds consist of 1 in 5 to 1 in 12.
  • a polyester alcohol with an average molar mass of. Is used as the higher molecular weight hydroxyl compound for producing the cold-resistant TPU 1,800 to 2,500, based on adipic acid and a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol in an equivalent ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1 of 1,6-hexanediol to 1,4-butanediol are preferred.
  • Linear aliphatic and / or aromatic diols with a molar mass of 60 to 600 are used as low molecular weight hydroxyl compounds, which optionally contain 1 to 3 parts by mass in% of monools as reaction and molar mass regulators for TPU synthesis.
  • 4,4-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate is preferably used as the diisocyanate in the TPU.
  • other auxiliaries and additives can be used, such as, for example, lubricants, hydrolysis, aging and light stabilizers, dyes, pigments, inorganic and / or organic fillers and reinforcing agents.
  • the TPU is preferably produced by the one-shot process, the hydroxyl-containing components, auxiliaries and additives being mixed with the diisocyanate component at 50 to 200 degrees Celsius and, after the reaction has taken place, the polymer mass being granulated at 120 to 200 degrees Celsius.
  • the insulating, spring and clamping elements according to the invention are obtained from the TPU granulate by means of injection molding.
  • the material composition of the rail fastening device With the material composition of the rail fastening device according to the invention, improved cold stability of the parts and a cold brittleness temperature of -35 degrees Celsius is achieved, which was previously not possible with known polyurethane raw materials based on polyester alcohol.
  • the parts have a compressive strength of ⁇ 35 N / mm2 and an elastic compressibility up to 40%, which fully meets the requirements for the enormous load in the rail area.
  • the equivalent ratio of the higher molecular weight polyol to the diisocyanate is 1: 8.7.
  • the equivalent ratio of high molecular weight diol to low molecular weight diols is 1: 7.1.
  • the reaction mixture is poured onto a sheet at 130 degrees Celsius.
  • the solidified polyurethane molding compound can be granulated after 36 hours.
  • Insulating properties (according to DIN 53 482 and DIN 53 483 ) measured at 800 Hz
  • the equivalent ratio of the higher molecular weight polyol to the diisocyanate is 1: 7.2.
  • the equivalent ratio of the high molecular weight diol to the low molecular weight diol is 1: 5.7.
  • the reaction mixture is poured onto a sheet at 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the solidified polyurethane molding compound can be granulated after 36 hours.
  • Insulating and spring elements according to Example 4 were produced from the TPU according to Examples 1 and 2 by the injection molding process. The practical tests were carried out on a pulsator with a threshold load of 0 to 30 kN up to 8 million load changes.
  • insulation values of ⁇ 500 k ⁇ could be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show elastically and electrically insulated fastening devices according to the invention in use in concrete or wood sublimation.
  • a concrete or wooden sublimation carries a rail, a plate 2 made of insulating and damping TPU being supported.
  • a threshold screw 21 anchored in the dowel or wood of the sublimation transmits the clamping force via a TPU insulating bush 1 to a steel clamping element 20 and is mechanically and electrically separated from the latter by the insulating bush.
  • the rail base edge is separated from the clamping element by a highly wear-resistant, elastic and electrically insulated TPU strip 3.
  • the steel clamping element 20 is clamped in an elastically and mechanically separate manner in a recess in the sub-swelling by a trough-shaped TPU strip 4.
  • a concrete or wooden sublimation carries a rail on a conventional elastic base made of z. B. rubber, the rail foot edge is separated by a highly wear-resistant, elastic and electrically insulated TPU strip 3 from the clamping element.
  • the sleeper screw anchored in the dowel or wood of the sublimation transfers the tensioning force via a TPU spring washer 5 to the steel clamping element.
  • the steel clamping element is elastically and mechanically separated in a recess in the sublimation by a TPU strip 4.
  • the bar 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a C-shaped cross section and surrounds the rail foot edge, with its upper leg and its central web between the rail foot 9 and the profiled clamping plate 20.
  • the fastening has a rail clamping element and a screw connection (sleeper screw or hammer head screw).
  • the rail base 9 is mechanically and electrically separated from the screw 11 using a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) hoop clamping element 6 and is elastically braced with the rail support 8.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the rail is separated from the swelling by an insulating and damping TPU plate 10. This effects the electrical insulation of the rail.
  • the adapter sleeve or dowel is completely sealed against moisture.
  • Fig. 4 shows the attachment with a rail clamping element, the rail being braced by means of a rail nail and held down on a concrete or wooden undulation.
  • a TPU clamping element 7 and a rail nail 12 and a power distribution plate 13 the rail base 9 is clamped in an insulating manner and held down.
  • the rail is separated from the rail support 8 by an insulating and damping TPU plate 10. This ensures a completely elastic bracing. Moisture penetration into the rail support contact element is prevented.
  • Fig. 5 shows an attachment with rail clamping element, screw connection and steel power distribution plate.
  • a slotted TPU clamping element 14 With a slotted TPU clamping element 14, the rail foot 9 is braced by the sleeper screw 11 and the slotted power distribution plate 15 (made of steel) with the rail support 8.
  • the rail is covered by an insulating and damping TPU plate 10 and the Clamping element 14 separated from the rail support 8 without removing the sleeper screw 11.
  • the slotted power distribution plate enables easy installation. It is also no longer possible for liquid to penetrate the adapter sleeve / dowel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Système de fixation de rails sur des traverses dans lequel des éléments d'assemblage en forme de boulon sont ancrés dans la traverse et, par leur tête élargie, serrent le patin du rail directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de serrage, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre les différents éléments de construction sont prévus des éléments élastiques ou de serrage isolants (1 à 4 ; 6) qui, lors du serrage élastique des éléments d'assemblage, bouchent de manière élastique et amortissante le perçage et les joints de séparation et sont constitués de polyuréthanne thermosplastique (TPU) résistant au froid et à haut module ayant une résistance à la compression d'au moins 35 N/mm² et une déformabilité élastique à la compression allant jusq'à 40 %.
  2. Système de fixation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre le patin du rail et la traverse est placé au moins un élément en forme de bande ou de réglette (2, 10), entre l'élément d'assemblage et l'élément de serrage est placé un élément en TPU en forme de rondelle ou de douille (3,4), et, entre la surface d'appui de l'élément de serrage et la traverse ou le patin du rail, est placée au moins une réglette en TPU profilée.
  3. Système de fixation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'un élément de serrage fendu en TPU serre le patin du rail sur le support de rail par l'intermédiaire d'un assemblage par vis et d'une plaque fendue de répartition.
  4. Système de fixation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments en TPU, en élastomères de polyuréthanne thermoplastiques, ont une température de fragilité au froid d'au moins - 35 degrés C, les élastomères de polyuréthanne étant constitués de composés polyhydroxylés de masse moléculaire élevée et de diisocyanates dans un rapport d'équivalents de 1/7 à 1/14 et de composés hydroxylés de faible masse moléculaire contenant des atomes d'hydrogène actifs dans un rapport d'équivalents de 1/5 à 1/12, et contiennent comme composés polyhydroxylés de masse moléculaire élevée des polyesteralcools à base d'acide adipique et un mélange d'hexanediol-1,6 et de butane-diol-1,4, dans un rapport d'équivalents de l'hexanediol-1,6 au butanediol-1,4 de 1/3 à 3/1, avec une masse molaire moyenne de 1800 à 2500.
  5. Système de fixation selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que, comme composés hydroxylés de faible masse moléculaire contenant des atomes d'hydrogène actifs, sont utilisés des diols aliphatiques et/ou aromatiques ayant une masse molaire de 60 à 600.
  6. Système de fixation selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que, comme diisocyanate, est utilisé le 4,4′-diphénylméthane diisocyanate.
EP90106538A 1989-04-18 1990-04-05 Dispositif de fixation pour rails Expired - Lifetime EP0393432B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90106538T ATE87046T1 (de) 1989-04-18 1990-04-05 Befestigungssystem fuer schienen.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD32771889A DD300038A7 (de) 1989-04-18 1989-04-18 Isolier- und federelemente fuer die befestigung von schienen
DD32771789A DD297854B5 (de) 1989-04-18 1989-04-18 Schienenklemmelemente
DD327718 1989-04-18
DD327717 1989-04-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0393432A2 EP0393432A2 (fr) 1990-10-24
EP0393432A3 EP0393432A3 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0393432B1 true EP0393432B1 (fr) 1993-03-17

Family

ID=25748273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90106538A Expired - Lifetime EP0393432B1 (fr) 1989-04-18 1990-04-05 Dispositif de fixation pour rails

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0393432B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ280276B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59001026D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2042121T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUT58377A (fr)
NO (1) NO176254C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8973846B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2015-03-10 Schwihag Ag Rail fastening system

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4220112C2 (de) * 1992-06-18 1997-04-24 Harms & Haffke Gmbh & Co Schienenbefestigung mit Federelement aus Kunststoff
DE4216015C2 (de) * 1992-05-13 1997-05-15 Harms & Haffke Gmbh & Co Befestigungssystem für Schienen auf Unterschwellung einer Gleisanlage
DE4230063A1 (de) * 1992-09-07 1994-03-10 Udo Wirthwein Elastisches Schienenbefestigungssystem mit Schienennagel und Federring aus Kunststoff
ES2249194B1 (es) * 2005-09-30 2007-05-16 Plasticos Mondragon, S.L.U. Placa amortiguada para rail de ferrocarril.
DE102008007495A1 (de) 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Semperit Ag Holding Unterlegplatte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE387585C (de) * 1921-07-28 1923-12-29 Fernand Radelet Schienenbefestigung durch Schwellenschrauben
US3080120A (en) * 1959-11-02 1963-03-05 Turk Harry Martin De Track insulating washers
US3387781A (en) * 1966-11-23 1968-06-11 Railroad Rubber Products Inc Rail anchor and rail seat construction
DE2102306A1 (de) * 1971-01-19 1972-08-03 Lechler Chemie Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Elastische Befestigung von Gleisschienen auf einem festen Unterbau
FR2359245A1 (fr) * 1976-07-23 1978-02-17 Vivion Robert Dispositif de fixation de voie ferree sur longrines disposees bout a bo
DE3037585A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-05-13 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Kettenabweiservorrichtung fuer das im hobelkasten angeordnete hobelkettenrad eines hobelantriebes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8973846B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2015-03-10 Schwihag Ag Rail fastening system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0393432A3 (en) 1990-11-22
NO901504L (no) 1990-10-19
NO901504D0 (no) 1990-04-03
ES2042121T3 (es) 1993-12-01
CS9001920A2 (en) 1991-10-15
EP0393432A2 (fr) 1990-10-24
HU901877D0 (en) 1990-08-28
NO176254B (no) 1994-11-21
NO176254C (no) 1995-03-01
CZ280276B6 (cs) 1995-12-13
DE59001026D1 (de) 1993-04-22
HUT58377A (en) 1992-02-28

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