EP0389051B1 - Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit - Google Patents

Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0389051B1
EP0389051B1 EP90200640A EP90200640A EP0389051B1 EP 0389051 B1 EP0389051 B1 EP 0389051B1 EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 0389051 B1 EP0389051 B1 EP 0389051B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dynode
multiplier
photocathode
focusing
photomultiplier tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90200640A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0389051A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Boutot
Pierre L'hermite
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Photonis SAS
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Photonis SAS
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Photonis SAS, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Photonis SAS
Publication of EP0389051A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389051A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0389051B1 publication Critical patent/EP0389051B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplier structure with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode.
  • the invention applies to the general technical field of photomultiplier tubes.
  • the photomultiplier tube which is the subject of the preamble corresponds to a very conventional type of tube known under the name of "focused linear", described, for example, in French patent n ° FR-A- 1 288 477.
  • the focusing multiplying structure also called Rajchman structure, presents, in addition to the input dynode, a plurality of dynodes whose shape and arrangement are designed so as to ensure progressive focusing of the electronic trajectories along the multiplying structure. This focusing reduces the dispersion of transit times between stages and allows the structure, and therefore the tube, to have high speed performance.
  • the focused linear tubes offer good response linearity as a function of the incident flux.
  • the electronic input optics of these photomultiplier tubes known from the prior art do not offer a constant collection efficiency of the photoelectrons emitted by the photocathode, since the input dynode of the focusing multiplier structure, c
  • the first dynode in the tube has a reduced surface area relative to that of the photocathode and is quite far from the photocathode. This therefore results in a certain inhomogeneity of collection insofar as the electrons coming from the periphery of the photocathode are not all picked up by the input dynode.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the object of the present invention is to produce a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplying structure, with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode, a tube which would allow greater collection efficiency and homogeneity than those of conventional focused linear photomultiplier tubes, and this even in the case of a large photocathode, while retaining good linearity and satisfactory speed.
  • said photomultiplier tube has, between the photocathode and said focusing multiplying structure, a first multiplier stage composed, in order from the set of photocathode and focusing electrodes , an accelerating grid, a multiplier dynode of the hole plate type, and an extractor grid provided with the same arrangement of holes as said multiplier dynode, the output of said extractor grid being coupled to the input dynode of said multiplying structure by a focusing electrode.
  • multiplier dynodes of the hole plate type and the associated extractor grids are known from the state of the art for constituting, in general, electron multiplier devices with stackable dynodes such as that described in French patent n ° FR -A- 2 549 288 or in French patent application n ° 88 09083 (EP-A- 0350 111; publ. 10.01.90)
  • the photomultiplier tube according to the invention has a large collection surface linked to the dimension of the first multiplier dynode, and allows, because of the structure of the plate with holes, to collect photoelectrons. whose trajectory is very inclined compared to the first dynode.
  • This characteristic offers the advantage of being able to use large surface, flat or spherical photocathodes, and leads to a better homogeneity of collection.
  • the tube according to the invention by virtue of the electronic focusing produced by the focusing multiplying structure, has good linearity and good speed, all the more so as the differences between electrons coming from the center and from the edge of the photocathode are reduced by the plate form of the first multiplying dynode.
  • the invention allows the treatment of dynodes "in situ", the planar dynode of the first multiplier stage at the entrance of the tube facilitates the deposition of a secondary emission layer, for example of alkaline antimonide, which improves the ratio signal to noise.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a photomultiplier tube according to the invention.
  • a focusing electrode 40 makes it possible to focus the secondary electrons 52 leaving the extracting grid 33 on the input dynode 21 of the focusing multiplier structure 20.
  • This focusing electrode 40 has the shape of a metal cylinder and its potential is close from that of the first multiplying dynode 32 (10 to 20 V more or less).
  • the input dynode 21 is brought for example to a potential of 100 to 500 V greater than that of the extractor grid 33.

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Photovervielfacher mit einer Photokathode (10), mit Fokussierelektroden (12, 12') und mit einer Fokussiervervielfacherstruktur (20), die eine große Eingangs-fläche bezüglich der Photokathode und wenigstens eine Eintrittsdynode (21) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Photovervielfacher zwischen der Photokathode (10) und der Fokussiervervielfacherstruktur (20) eine erste zusammengesetzte Vervielfacherstufe (30) enthält, die in dieser Reihenfolge und ausgehend von der Einheit mit Photokathode (10) und Fokussierelektroden (12, 12') ein Beschleunigungsgitter (31), eine Vervielfacherdynode (32) vom Typ mit durchlöcherte Platte und ein Extraktionsgitter (33) mit derselben Löcheranordnung wie die der Vervielfacherdynode (32) enthält, wobei der Ausgang des Extraktionsgitters (33) über eine Fokussierelektrode (40) mit der Eintrittsdynode (21) der Vervielfacherstruktur verbunden ist.
EP90200640A 1989-03-24 1990-03-19 Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0389051B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903930 1989-03-24
FR8903930A FR2644932B1 (fr) 1989-03-24 1989-03-24 Tube photomultiplicateur rapide a grande homogeneite de collection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389051A1 EP0389051A1 (de) 1990-09-26
EP0389051B1 true EP0389051B1 (de) 1994-06-22

Family

ID=9380054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90200640A Expired - Lifetime EP0389051B1 (de) 1989-03-24 1990-03-19 Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5043628A (de)
EP (1) EP0389051B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2803889B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1046068A (de)
DE (1) DE69010039T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2644932B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3473913B2 (ja) * 1992-05-28 2003-12-08 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
US5656807A (en) * 1995-09-22 1997-08-12 Packard; Lyle E. 360 degrees surround photon detector/electron multiplier with cylindrical photocathode defining an internal detection chamber
US5914561A (en) * 1997-08-21 1999-06-22 Burle Technologies, Inc. Shortened profile photomultiplier tube with focusing electrode
US6462324B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2002-10-08 Burle Technologies, Inc. Photomultiplier tube with an improved dynode aperture mesh design
JP4246879B2 (ja) * 2000-04-03 2009-04-02 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 電子増倍管及び光電子増倍管
US7427835B2 (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-09-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier including a photocathode, a dynode unit, a focusing electrode, and an accelerating electrode
EP2652526A4 (de) * 2010-11-15 2018-02-28 Services Pétroliers Schlumberger Neutronendetektor mit einem verteilungsrohr
US9184034B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-11-10 Kla-Tencor Corporation Photomultiplier tube with extended dynamic range

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5595264A (en) * 1979-01-16 1980-07-19 Hamamatsu Tv Kk Photoelectron multiplier
JPS5686449A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-07-14 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Electron multiplier
US4431943A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-02-14 Rca Corporation Electron discharge device having a high speed cage
US4645918A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-02-24 Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha Instruments for measuring light pulses clocked at high repetition rate and electron tube devices therefor
JPS59167946A (ja) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-21 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管
FR2549288B1 (fr) * 1983-07-11 1985-10-25 Hyperelec Element multiplicateur d'electrons, dispositif multiplicateur d'electrons comportant cet element multiplicateur et application a un tube photomultiplicateur
JPH07118294B2 (ja) * 1987-02-13 1995-12-18 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
FR2634062A1 (fr) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-12 Radiotechnique Compelec Dynode du type " a feuilles ", multiplicateur d'electrons et tube photomultiplicateur comportant de telles dynodes

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, JP-A-56 86449 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, JP-A-59 167946 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2644932B1 (fr) 1991-07-26
DE69010039D1 (de) 1994-07-28
EP0389051A1 (de) 1990-09-26
US5043628A (en) 1991-08-27
JP2803889B2 (ja) 1998-09-24
CN1046068A (zh) 1990-10-10
FR2644932A1 (fr) 1990-09-28
DE69010039T2 (de) 1995-01-05
JPH02295053A (ja) 1990-12-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0131339B1 (de) Elektronenvervielfacherelement, aus diesen Elementen aufgebaute Elektronenvervielfacheranordnung und seine Anwendung in einer Photovervielfacherröhre
EP0389051B1 (de) Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit
FR2515872A1 (fr) Tube a rayons cathodiques et dispositif semiconducteur convenant a un tel tube a rayons cathodiques
EP0428215B1 (de) Segmentierte Fotovervielfacherröhre mit hohem Sammelwirkungsgrad und herabgesetzter Übersprechung
FR2693592A1 (fr) Tube photomultiplicateur segmenté en N voies indépendantes disposées autour d'un axe central.
EP0230694A1 (de) Vervielfacherelement von hohem Aufnahme-Wirkungsgrad, damit versehene Vervielfachervorrichtung und Anwendung in einem Photovervielfacher
FR2760127A1 (fr) Canon a electrons et klystron le comportant
EP0350111B1 (de) Dynode vom Blätter-Typ, Elektronenvervielfacher und Photovervielfacher, die mit solcher Dynoden versehen sind
EP0239466A1 (de) Klystronausgangskopplungsvorrichtung und Klystron mit derselben
FR2604824A1 (fr) Tube photomultiplicateur segmente
FR2735900A1 (fr) Source d'electrons du type a emission de champ et procede pour la fabriquer
EP0379243A1 (de) Photovervielfacher mit einer grossen ersten Dynode und mit einem, aus aufgeschichteten Dynoden bestehendem Vervielfacher
EP0038249B1 (de) Mehrstufenkollektor mit erniedrigtem Potential für eine Mikrowellenröhre
EP0423886A1 (de) Mehrweg-Photovervielfacher mit hoher Zwischensignalauflösung
FR2512271A1 (de)
EP0345888B1 (de) Kupplungsvorrichtung zwischen einer ersten Dynode eines Photovervielfachers und einem Mehrblattverielfacher
FR2599557A1 (fr) Plaque multiplicatrice d'electrons a multiplication dirigee, element multiplicateur comprenant ladite plaque, dispositif multiplicateur comportant ledit element et application dudit dispositif a un tube photomultiplicateur
EP0022016B1 (de) Verzögerungsleitung mit veränderlicher Steghöhe für eine Wanderfeldröhre und Wanderfeldröhre mit einer solchen Verzögerungsleitung
FR2481004A1 (fr) Anode a grille pour photomultiplicateurs et photomultiplicateur comportant cette anode
EP0956581B1 (de) Photovervielfacherröhre reduzierter länge
FR2504728A1 (fr) Dispositif multiplicateur d'electrons et application aux photomultiplicateurs
FR2875331A1 (fr) Tube multiplicateur d'electrons a plusieurs voies
EP0425052A1 (de) Photovervielfacher mit aufgeschichtetem hohen Sammelwirkungsgrad und reduzierte Abmessung aufweisenden Dynodenvervielfacher
FR2508232A1 (fr) Tube photoelectrique a optique correctrice de focalisation electronique
JP3433537B2 (ja) 半導体光電陰極およびこれを用いた半導体光電陰極装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN

Owner name: PHILIPS COMPOSANTS

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910321

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN

Owner name: PHILIPS PHOTONIQUE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930621

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69010039

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19940922

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19940913

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19980302

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19980324

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19980526

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990319

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19990319

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19991130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000101