EP0389051B1 - Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit - Google Patents
Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0389051B1 EP0389051B1 EP90200640A EP90200640A EP0389051B1 EP 0389051 B1 EP0389051 B1 EP 0389051B1 EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 0389051 B1 EP0389051 B1 EP 0389051B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dynode
- multiplier
- photocathode
- focusing
- photomultiplier tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplier structure with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode.
- the invention applies to the general technical field of photomultiplier tubes.
- the photomultiplier tube which is the subject of the preamble corresponds to a very conventional type of tube known under the name of "focused linear", described, for example, in French patent n ° FR-A- 1 288 477.
- the focusing multiplying structure also called Rajchman structure, presents, in addition to the input dynode, a plurality of dynodes whose shape and arrangement are designed so as to ensure progressive focusing of the electronic trajectories along the multiplying structure. This focusing reduces the dispersion of transit times between stages and allows the structure, and therefore the tube, to have high speed performance.
- the focused linear tubes offer good response linearity as a function of the incident flux.
- the electronic input optics of these photomultiplier tubes known from the prior art do not offer a constant collection efficiency of the photoelectrons emitted by the photocathode, since the input dynode of the focusing multiplier structure, c
- the first dynode in the tube has a reduced surface area relative to that of the photocathode and is quite far from the photocathode. This therefore results in a certain inhomogeneity of collection insofar as the electrons coming from the periphery of the photocathode are not all picked up by the input dynode.
- the technical problem to be solved by the object of the present invention is to produce a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplying structure, with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode, a tube which would allow greater collection efficiency and homogeneity than those of conventional focused linear photomultiplier tubes, and this even in the case of a large photocathode, while retaining good linearity and satisfactory speed.
- said photomultiplier tube has, between the photocathode and said focusing multiplying structure, a first multiplier stage composed, in order from the set of photocathode and focusing electrodes , an accelerating grid, a multiplier dynode of the hole plate type, and an extractor grid provided with the same arrangement of holes as said multiplier dynode, the output of said extractor grid being coupled to the input dynode of said multiplying structure by a focusing electrode.
- multiplier dynodes of the hole plate type and the associated extractor grids are known from the state of the art for constituting, in general, electron multiplier devices with stackable dynodes such as that described in French patent n ° FR -A- 2 549 288 or in French patent application n ° 88 09083 (EP-A- 0350 111; publ. 10.01.90)
- the photomultiplier tube according to the invention has a large collection surface linked to the dimension of the first multiplier dynode, and allows, because of the structure of the plate with holes, to collect photoelectrons. whose trajectory is very inclined compared to the first dynode.
- This characteristic offers the advantage of being able to use large surface, flat or spherical photocathodes, and leads to a better homogeneity of collection.
- the tube according to the invention by virtue of the electronic focusing produced by the focusing multiplying structure, has good linearity and good speed, all the more so as the differences between electrons coming from the center and from the edge of the photocathode are reduced by the plate form of the first multiplying dynode.
- the invention allows the treatment of dynodes "in situ", the planar dynode of the first multiplier stage at the entrance of the tube facilitates the deposition of a secondary emission layer, for example of alkaline antimonide, which improves the ratio signal to noise.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a photomultiplier tube according to the invention.
- a focusing electrode 40 makes it possible to focus the secondary electrons 52 leaving the extracting grid 33 on the input dynode 21 of the focusing multiplier structure 20.
- This focusing electrode 40 has the shape of a metal cylinder and its potential is close from that of the first multiplying dynode 32 (10 to 20 V more or less).
- the input dynode 21 is brought for example to a potential of 100 to 500 V greater than that of the extractor grid 33.
Landscapes
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Claims (1)
- Photovervielfacher mit einer Photokathode (10), mit Fokussierelektroden (12, 12') und mit einer Fokussiervervielfacherstruktur (20), die eine große Eingangs-fläche bezüglich der Photokathode und wenigstens eine Eintrittsdynode (21) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Photovervielfacher zwischen der Photokathode (10) und der Fokussiervervielfacherstruktur (20) eine erste zusammengesetzte Vervielfacherstufe (30) enthält, die in dieser Reihenfolge und ausgehend von der Einheit mit Photokathode (10) und Fokussierelektroden (12, 12') ein Beschleunigungsgitter (31), eine Vervielfacherdynode (32) vom Typ mit durchlöcherte Platte und ein Extraktionsgitter (33) mit derselben Löcheranordnung wie die der Vervielfacherdynode (32) enthält, wobei der Ausgang des Extraktionsgitters (33) über eine Fokussierelektrode (40) mit der Eintrittsdynode (21) der Vervielfacherstruktur verbunden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8903930 | 1989-03-24 | ||
FR8903930A FR2644932B1 (fr) | 1989-03-24 | 1989-03-24 | Tube photomultiplicateur rapide a grande homogeneite de collection |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0389051A1 EP0389051A1 (de) | 1990-09-26 |
EP0389051B1 true EP0389051B1 (de) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=9380054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90200640A Expired - Lifetime EP0389051B1 (de) | 1989-03-24 | 1990-03-19 | Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5043628A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0389051B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2803889B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1046068A (de) |
DE (1) | DE69010039T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2644932B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3473913B2 (ja) * | 1992-05-28 | 2003-12-08 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光電子増倍管 |
US5656807A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-08-12 | Packard; Lyle E. | 360 degrees surround photon detector/electron multiplier with cylindrical photocathode defining an internal detection chamber |
US5914561A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-06-22 | Burle Technologies, Inc. | Shortened profile photomultiplier tube with focusing electrode |
US6462324B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2002-10-08 | Burle Technologies, Inc. | Photomultiplier tube with an improved dynode aperture mesh design |
JP4246879B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 電子増倍管及び光電子増倍管 |
US7427835B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-09-23 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Photomultiplier including a photocathode, a dynode unit, a focusing electrode, and an accelerating electrode |
EP2652526A4 (de) * | 2010-11-15 | 2018-02-28 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | Neutronendetektor mit einem verteilungsrohr |
US9184034B2 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2015-11-10 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Photomultiplier tube with extended dynamic range |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5595264A (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1980-07-19 | Hamamatsu Tv Kk | Photoelectron multiplier |
JPS5686449A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-07-14 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Electron multiplier |
US4431943A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1984-02-14 | Rca Corporation | Electron discharge device having a high speed cage |
US4645918A (en) * | 1982-12-07 | 1987-02-24 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha | Instruments for measuring light pulses clocked at high repetition rate and electron tube devices therefor |
JPS59167946A (ja) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-21 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光電子増倍管 |
FR2549288B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-10-25 | Hyperelec | Element multiplicateur d'electrons, dispositif multiplicateur d'electrons comportant cet element multiplicateur et application a un tube photomultiplicateur |
JPH07118294B2 (ja) * | 1987-02-13 | 1995-12-18 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光電子増倍管 |
FR2634062A1 (fr) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-01-12 | Radiotechnique Compelec | Dynode du type " a feuilles ", multiplicateur d'electrons et tube photomultiplicateur comportant de telles dynodes |
-
1989
- 1989-03-24 FR FR8903930A patent/FR2644932B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-03-19 EP EP90200640A patent/EP0389051B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-19 DE DE69010039T patent/DE69010039T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-21 CN CN90101969A patent/CN1046068A/zh active Pending
- 1990-03-22 JP JP2069915A patent/JP2803889B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-22 US US07/497,286 patent/US5043628A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, JP-A-56 86449 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, JP-A-59 167946 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2644932B1 (fr) | 1991-07-26 |
DE69010039D1 (de) | 1994-07-28 |
EP0389051A1 (de) | 1990-09-26 |
US5043628A (en) | 1991-08-27 |
JP2803889B2 (ja) | 1998-09-24 |
CN1046068A (zh) | 1990-10-10 |
FR2644932A1 (fr) | 1990-09-28 |
DE69010039T2 (de) | 1995-01-05 |
JPH02295053A (ja) | 1990-12-05 |
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