EP0038249B1 - Mehrstufenkollektor mit erniedrigtem Potential für eine Mikrowellenröhre - Google Patents

Mehrstufenkollektor mit erniedrigtem Potential für eine Mikrowellenröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038249B1
EP0038249B1 EP81400541A EP81400541A EP0038249B1 EP 0038249 B1 EP0038249 B1 EP 0038249B1 EP 81400541 A EP81400541 A EP 81400541A EP 81400541 A EP81400541 A EP 81400541A EP 0038249 B1 EP0038249 B1 EP 0038249B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electrode
collector
walls
electron beam
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP81400541A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0038249A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Gosset
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-stage depressed collector for microwave tubes. It also relates to microwave tubes comprising such a collector.
  • microwave tubes such as klystrons or traveling wave tubes
  • the collector of these tubes therefore receives, to the fraction of energy transmitted to the microwave frequency, all the energy of the electron beam and dissipates it in the form of heat. We must try to reduce this dissipated energy, on the one hand, to reduce the difficulties associated with the evacuation of heat, and on the other hand, to increase the efficiency of the tubes.
  • a known solution to reduce the dissipated energy consists in using a depressed collector with several stages.
  • This collector comprises several electrodes placed on the path of the electron beam of the tube.
  • Various geometric configurations are currently used for the electrodes; there are essentially the symmetrical electrodes of revolution with respect to the axis of propagation of the electron beam from the tube and the asymmetrical electrodes. These electrodes are brought to decreasing potentials and values lower than those of the delay line in the case of a traveling wave tube, or that of the cavities, in the case of a klystron; the last electrode can be brought to the potential of the cathode of the tube.
  • the electron beam When it reaches the collector, the electron beam has electrons with different speeds. Under the influence of the space charge, the slowest electrons follow a curved path and are picked up by the first electrode. The other electrons continue their course; their speed is gradually reduced by the braking field which exists between the electrodes and they are gradually picked up by the different electrodes of the collector.
  • the electrons are therefore collected at the lowest possible potential because the electrons are sorted according to their energy.
  • the problem that our invention aims to solve is to significantly increase the efficiency of microwave tubes comprising a depressed manifold with several stages.
  • this efficiency is increased by modifying the electrodes of the collector so that the electric field which brakes the electron beam coming from the tube is exerted only on a small part of the path of this electron beam.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-stage depressed collector for microwave tubes, comprising several electrodes placed in the path of the electron beam of the tube, which are symmetrical in revolution with respect to the axis of propagation of the beam and which are brought to decreasing potentials.
  • each electrode comprising two consecutive walls along the axis of propagation of the beam and carrying an orifice allowing the passage of the electron beam, characterized in that the distance separating the walls opposite two neighboring electrodes is chosen as small as possible while remaining sufficient to avoid a breakdown between these two neighboring electrodes and in that the diameter of the orifice drilled on each of the walls of the same electrode is chosen to be as small as possible relative to the distance separating the two walls of this electrode while remaining sufficient to allow the passage of the electron beam.
  • the collector according to the present invention makes it possible to substantially increase the yield of the tubes in which it is used.
  • the collector according to the present invention allows a distribution of the energy to be dissipated over a large surface of the electrodes and therefore makes it possible to avoid the point heating of the electrodes which occurs in the collectors according to the prior art.
  • Figure 1 relates to a schematic representation seen in longitudinal section of a symmetrical collector according to the prior art.
  • the collector shown in FIG. 1 comprises, by way of example, four electrodes e 1 ' e 2 , e 3 , e4.
  • Electrodes are symmetrical in revolution with respect to the propagation axis 00 ′ of the electron beam produced by the tube which is associated with the collector and which is not shown in the figure.
  • the other electrodes, e 1 to e 3 have an orifice of increasing diameter which allows the passage of the electron beam which develops from one electrode to the next.
  • the last electrode e4 has in its middle a conical part 3 intended in a known manner to reflect the incident beam in all directions.
  • the electrodes e “e 2 , e 3 are brought, by connections not shown in the figure, to decreasing potentials V I , V 2 , V 3 and of values lower than that of the delay line in the case of a traveling wave tube or that of the cavities in the case of a klystron
  • Insulating supports 1 fix the electrodes while insulating them to the metal vacuum enclosure 2.
  • Other embodiments of the depressed collectors are known, in which for example the enclosure is insulating and the supports of the electrodes are metallic.
  • Figure 2 relates to a schematic representation seen in longitudinal section of a collector according to the invention.
  • the collector according to the invention differs above all from the collector shown in FIG. 1 by the shape of the electrodes.
  • the electrodes no longer consist of a single surface to which an adapted shape is given; the electrodes are box-shaped, they are approximately constituted by a cylinder having the axis axis 00 'and ending with two side walls 6 and 7. Each of these walls is symmetrical of revolution with respect to the axis 00' of beam propagation. The two walls of the same electrode are therefore superimposed along the axis 00 '.
  • four electrodes e ' i , e' 2 , e ' 3 and e' 4 are shown by way of example.
  • the first three electrodes have their two side walls pierced with an orifice of increasing diameter to allow the passage of the electron beam; while the last electrode e ' 4 has only its first wall which is pierced.
  • the electrodes are brought to decreasing potentials V ', at V' 4 , with V ' 4 equal to V K.
  • each box-shaped electrode It is important that the electric field inside each box-shaped electrode is weak.
  • the diameter 0 of the hole drilled on each of the walls of the same electrode is chosen to be as small as possible with respect to the distance D separating the two walls of this electrode, while remaining sufficient to allow the passage of the beam. of electrons.
  • the electric field which reigns inside each box-shaped electrode if it is defocusing (because braking) for the electron beam coming from the tube is on the other hand focusing (because accelerator) for the reflected electrons. It is therefore advantageous for this field to be as weak as possible.
  • the reflected electrons are subjected to a weaker focusing field than in the case of the collector according to the prior art and are better distributed over the electrodes. There is therefore not, as in the collectors according to the prior art, localized heating of the electrodes.
  • the electric braking field of the electrons coming from the tube due to the decreasing potentials of the electrodes is located in the space of small volume which is between the walls opposite two neighboring electrodes.
  • the distance d which separates the facing walls from two neighboring electrodes is chosen to be as small as possible while remaining sufficient to avoid breakdown between these electrodes.
  • This improvement is mainly due to the fact that by locating the braking field, the electron beam is better controlled and more electrons are picked up at the right potential on each electrode.
  • one or more permanent magnets 5 are placed outside the vacuum enclosure 2 which contains the collector and above the last electrode e ′ 4 .
  • a magnet 5 near a socket 4.
  • samarium-cobalt magnets are arranged so as to establish an asymmetrical magnetic field with respect to the axis 00 '. These magnets therefore cause the curvature of the trajectories of the secondary electrons and of the reflected electrons which circulate in the last stage.
  • the electric field inside the last electrode is weak, the secondary and reflected electrons are not focused and accelerated towards the tube as it happens in the collectors according to the prior art.
  • the existence of an asymmetric magnetic field means that a good part of these electrons is picked up by the last electrode e ' 4 .

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Mehrstufiger Depressionskollektor für Mikrowellenröhren, mit mehreren Elektroden (e'" e'2, e'3, e'4), die im Weg des Elektronenstrahls der Röhre liegen und drehsymmetrisch bezüglich der Strahlausbreitungsachse (00') sind sowie auf abnehmende Potentiale gebracht sind, wobei jede Elektrode zwei entlang der Strahlausbreitungsachse (00') hintereinander liegende Wände (6, 7) und ein Loch aufweist, durch das der Elektronenstrahl treten kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand (D) zwischen den einander gegenüberliegenden Wänden zweier benachbarter Elektroden so klein wie möglich gewählt wird, um gerade noch einen Überschlag zwischen zwei benachbarten Elektroden zu verhindern, und daß der Durchmesser des in jede der Wände gebohrten Lochs in jeder Elektrode so klein wie möglich bezüglich des Abstands (D) zwischen den beiden Wänden dieser Elektrode gewählt wird, aber gerade noch ausreichend, um den Durchtritt des Elektronenstrahls zu erlauben.
2. Kollektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Elektrode aus einem Zylinder besteht, dessen Achse mit der Fortpflanzungsachse (00') des Elektronenstrahls zusammenfällt und der in den beiden Wänden (6, 7) endet.
3. Kollektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Permanentmagnet (5) außerhalb des Vakuumgefäßes (2), das den Kollektor enthält, angeordnet ist, und zwar oberhalb der letzten Elektrode (e'4), derart, daß ein unsymmetrisches Magnetfeld bezüglich der Strahlfortpflanzungsachse erzeugt wird.
EP81400541A 1980-04-15 1981-04-03 Mehrstufenkollektor mit erniedrigtem Potential für eine Mikrowellenröhre Expired EP0038249B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8008392A FR2480497A1 (fr) 1980-04-15 1980-04-15 Collecteur deprime a plusieurs etages pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comportant un tel collecteur
FR8008392 1980-04-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0038249A1 EP0038249A1 (de) 1981-10-21
EP0038249B1 true EP0038249B1 (de) 1988-07-06

Family

ID=9240883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400541A Expired EP0038249B1 (de) 1980-04-15 1981-04-03 Mehrstufenkollektor mit erniedrigtem Potential für eine Mikrowellenröhre

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4398122A (de)
EP (1) EP0038249B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56165248A (de)
DE (1) DE3176808D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2480497A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4621219A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-11-04 Varian Associates, Inc. Electron beam scrambler
US4794303A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-12-27 Litton Systems, Inc. Axisymmetric electron collector with off-axis beam injection
GB9005245D0 (en) * 1990-03-08 1990-05-02 Eev Ltd High frequency amplifying apparatus
JPH07101596B2 (ja) * 1992-12-09 1995-11-01 株式会社宇宙通信基礎技術研究所 進行波管増幅器
GB9311419D0 (en) * 1993-06-03 1993-07-28 Eev Ltd Electron beam tubes
FR2742580B1 (fr) * 1995-12-15 1998-02-06 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons a emission secondaire reduite
US5780970A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-07-14 University Of Maryland Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons
GB9724960D0 (en) * 1997-11-27 1998-01-28 Eev Ltd Electron beam tubes
FR2833748B1 (fr) * 2001-12-14 2004-04-02 Thales Sa Tube electronique a collecteur simplifie
GB2411517A (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-08-31 E2V Tech Uk Ltd Collector arrangement

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE482591A (de) * 1940-08-17
FR951108A (fr) * 1947-06-14 1949-10-17 Materiel Telephonique Amplificateurs à large bande à deux faisceaux électroniques
US2888596A (en) * 1952-08-08 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
GB752452A (en) * 1953-03-24 1956-07-11 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
NL222475A (de) * 1957-01-29
FR1257796A (fr) * 1960-02-25 1961-04-07 Csf Collecteur d'électrons pour tubes à modulation de vitesse de grande puissance
US3202863A (en) * 1960-09-19 1965-08-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Crossed field collector
US3368104A (en) * 1964-03-17 1968-02-06 Varian Associates Electron beam tube included depressed collector therefor
US3702951A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-11-14 Nasa Electrostatic collector for charged particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0038249A1 (de) 1981-10-21
FR2480497A1 (fr) 1981-10-16
JPS56165248A (en) 1981-12-18
FR2480497B1 (de) 1982-11-19
DE3176808D1 (en) 1988-08-11
US4398122A (en) 1983-08-09

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