EP0110734B1 - Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung - Google Patents

Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110734B1
EP0110734B1 EP83401889A EP83401889A EP0110734B1 EP 0110734 B1 EP0110734 B1 EP 0110734B1 EP 83401889 A EP83401889 A EP 83401889A EP 83401889 A EP83401889 A EP 83401889A EP 0110734 B1 EP0110734 B1 EP 0110734B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
electron beam
ray tube
length
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83401889A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0110734A2 (de
EP0110734A3 (en
Inventor
André Plessis
Emile Gabbay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0110734A2 publication Critical patent/EP0110734A2/de
Publication of EP0110734A3 publication Critical patent/EP0110734A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0110734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110734B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/30—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by deflection of the cathode ray
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/32—Tubes wherein the X-rays are produced at or near the end of the tube or a part thereof which tube or part has a small cross-section to facilitate introduction into a small hole or cavity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an X-ray tube producing a high-efficiency beam, in particular in the form of a brush, applicable to the fields of radiology.
  • An X-ray tube generally has an anode and a cathode, which emits electrons; these electrons will bombard part of the anode called the anode target, and the impact of these electrons on the surface of the anode target determines a focus from which X-rays are emitted in all directions.
  • a useful beam of X-rays is determined; such a useful beam being in any case weaker than the totality of the X-rays emitted at the focus.
  • the useful X-ray beam represents approximately 5% of the X-ray radiation emitted at the focus, and in the case of tubes for CT scanners, this percentage is of the order of 1%.
  • an electrical power feeding the tube, as well as a heat loss will be all the more important that, for a useful beam of given intensity, necessary for a type of examination for example, the collimation will have been stronger. in order to give this useful beam a geometry required by the examination.
  • a useful beam in the form of a brush can be obtained by means of strong collimation; in this case the useful beam represents a negligible fraction of the X-rays emitted at the focus, for a considerable energy expended in the electrical supply of this X-ray tube.
  • the anode target or more precisely the dimensions of the point of impact of the electron beam are such that the X-ray radiation tends to diverge.
  • the incident electron beam is highly divergent and the length of the anode is of the order of magnitude of the diameter so that, on the one hand, the energy efficiency is relatively weak and, on the other hand, the X-ray diverges at the exit of the anode.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce an X-ray tube of the annular anode type which produces a beam with a high energy efficiency that is slightly divergent.
  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube comprising a cathode generating an electron beam, an anode provided with a rectilinear hole having a section substantially identical to itself over its entire length, said hole having interior walls bombarded by the electron beam over a length from which X-ray radiation is generated, said cathode being external to the anode, said electron beam penetrating through a first end of the hole substantially along a longitudinal axis of the latter, characterized in that that it further comprises a deflection lens (20) located on the path of the electron beam (10), making it possible to modify the trajectories (T1, ...
  • Tn Tn of the electrons so that the latter bombard the interior walls (9) of the hole (5) at angles of variable incidence and over a distance L1 which is variable in position and in length, said position and said bombarded length being chosen as a function of the divergence of the electron beam and the diameter of the hole so that the X-ray emerges from one of the ends of the hole in a beam FX1 conformed within the parallel limits or presence at the longitudinal axis.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically in a perspective view, an X-ray tube 1 having certain characteristics of the invention; this etane representation limited to characteristic elements shown in an envelope 2, thanks to an opening made in the design of this envelope.
  • the envelope 2 supports a cathode 3, and by conventional means not shown, an anode 4.
  • this anode 4 is a cylinder provided with a hole 5 having a section S identical to it - even over an entire length L 2 of this hole. Internal walls 9 of the hole 5 are thus parallel to a longitudinal axis 6 of this hole 5.
  • the section S of the hole 5 is circular, having a diameter D, so therefore, that of the first and second ends 7, 8 of hole 5; sure Figure 1, the hole 5 and the second end 8 being shown in dotted lines.
  • the walls 9 are formed by a metal or a metallic compound, preferably with a high antiquity number such as tungsten for example.
  • the cathode 3 is located in the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5 and, generates an electron beam 10 with axial symmetry and low divergence, along substantially the longitudinal axis 6; the electron beam 10 penetrating the hole 5 through the first end 7, bombards the walls 9 over a length L, less in the non-limiting example described, than the length L 2 of the hole 5, the walls 9 thus constituting a anodic target.
  • This length L, and its position relative to the length L 2 of the hole 5, being a function of the divergence of the electron beam 10 and its homogeneity, as well as of the diameter D of the hole 5.
  • this bombardment causes X-ray radiation whose emission is favored in a direction A, and which constitutes a first beam of X-ray radiation, FX 1 .
  • This beam FX 1 emerges through the second end 8, opposite to that through which the electron beam 10 enters, along an axis identical to longitudinal axis 6, and leaves the tune 1 through an outlet window 14, shown in dotted lines.
  • This arrangement is remarkable in that it makes it possible in particular to obtain an X-ray radiation beam, FX ,, containing a very large proportion of the total X-ray radiation (not shown).
  • Another important characteristic is that the walls 9 being parallel the beam of radiation FX 1 is shaped by the hole 5 in the shape of a brush, whose limits 15, 16 are parallel or almost parallel to the longitudinal axis 6; the beam of radiation FX 1 in the form of a brush having the same section S as that of the hole 5.
  • a fraction of the total X-ray radiation determines a second beam FX 2 which leaves the hole 5 through the first end 7, that is to say the one through which the electron beam 10 enters.
  • an X-ray tube 1 in which the cathode 3 emits the electron beam 10 along the longitudinal axis 6, is not limiting; the cathode 3 can be placed differently and emit the electron beam 10 along an axis coincident or not with the longitudinal axis 5.
  • the electron beam can also have no axis and follow a curved or arbitrary trajectory thanks to conventional deflection means (not shown), the only condition being that the electrons are present at the entrance to the hole 5, along substantially the longitudinal axis 6 of the latter in order to bombard the walls 9 as uniformly as possible.
  • the second end 8 of the hole 5 opaque to X-ray; this can be obtained for example by making a closure of this second end 8 with a plug (not shown), made of an appropriate material, which then prevents the exit of the first beam FX 1 .
  • the anode 4 may have a different shape than that shown in FIG. 1, as well as the section S of the hole 5; the main thing being to obtain a beam of radiation FX 1 in the form of a brush, that the walls 9 are constituted by a standardized surface, where the generatrices of this surface (not shown) are parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5 .
  • the anode 4 can be made of the same material as that forming, as previously explained, the walls 9 of the hole 5; in this case, a machining of the hole 5 directly offers walls 9 ready to play the role of anodic target.
  • the anode 4 may also be made of a different material, and the walls 9 coated on part or over the entire length L 2 of the hole 5, with the appropriate material.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of an X-ray tube 1 according to the invention is shown in Figure 2 where, elements of the latter are shown in an axial section.
  • a deflection lens 20 electrostatic or magnetic as well as in the example described, of the conventional type.
  • This deflection lens is arranged on the path of the electron beam emitted by the cathode 3, this electron beam being in FIG. 2 represented by trajectories T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ,. .. T n of electrons.
  • the deflection lens 20 is centered in the non-limiting example described, on the longitudinal axis 6 of the hole 5, and can either be part of the anode 4 itself, or as in the example described, be located at its neighborhood.
  • This deflection lens 20 allows, by virtue of a magnetic field (not shown) which it creates, to focus the electrons and to determine these electrons trajectories T 1 , T 2 , ... T n such that they are at slight divergences, in order to penetrate the hole 5 and bombard the walls 9; the X FX 1 radiation beam, not shown in FIG. 2, being identical to FIG. 1.
  • Such a deflection lens 20 also makes it possible, by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field that it creates or, by adjusting its position along the longitudinal axis 6, to adjust the length L 1 over which the bombardment of the walls 9, and the position of this length L 1 relative to the length L 2 of the hole 5. This makes it possible to adjust the characteristics of the first beam FX 1 , and possibly of the second beam FX 2 .
  • the anode 4 is made of copper and has passages 35, intended to allow the passage of a cooling fluid, the walls 9 being coated with tungsten 36.
  • An X-ray tube 1 produces in particular at least one beam FX 1 in the form of a brush, making it possible to obtain a useful beam (not shown) such as an X-ray emission efficiency in this useful beam with respect to to a traditional solution, is increased in a very sensitive ratio.
  • such an X-ray tube is particularly well suited to techniques by scanning, and especially in digital radiology.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Röntgenröhre mit einer einen Elektronenstrahl (10) erzeugenden Kathode (3) und einer Anode (4), die mit einem geradlinigen Loch (5) mit einem auf dessen gesamter Länge (L2) im wesentlichen gleichen Querschnitt (S) versehen ist, wobei das Loch (5) Innenseiten (9) besitzt, die auf einer Länge (L1), an deren Beginn eine Röntgenstrahlung erzeugt wird, vom Elektronenstrahl (10) bombardiert werden, wobei sich die Kathode (3) außerhalb der Anode (4) befindet, wobei der Elektronenstrahl (10) durch ein erstes Ende (7) des Lochs (5) etwa entlang einer Längsachse (6) des letzteren eindringt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ferner eine in der Bahn des Elektronenstrahls (10) angeordnete Ablenklinse (20) umfaßt, die die Modifikation der Flugbahnen (T1 ...Tn) der Elektronen so gestattet, daß die letzteren die Innenseiten (9) des Lochs (5) unter variablen Einfallswinkeln und auf einer in bezug auf ihre Position und Länge variablen Strecke (L1) bombardieren, wobei die Position und die bombardierte Länge in Abhängigkeit von der Divergenz des Elektronenstrahls (10) und vom Durchmesser (D) des Lochs (5) so gewählt werden, daß die Röntgenstrahlung aus einem der Enden (7, 8) des Lochs (5) in einem Strahl (FX1) austritt, der in paralellen Begrenzungen (15, 16) geformt ist oder nahe an der longitudinalen Mittelachse (6) verläuft.
2. Röntgenröhre gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kathode (3) nicht auf der longitudinalen Mittelachse (6) des Lochs (5) angeordnet ist und daß sie ferner Mittel zur Ablenkung des Elektronenstrahls (10) umfaßt, die es gestatten, den letzteren so zu führen, daß er in das Loch (5) entlang einer genau mit der longitudinalen Mittelachse (6) zusammenfallenden Achse eindringt.
3. Röntgenröhre gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bombardierte Länge (L1) auf der Seite des ersten Endes (7), durch das der Elektronenstrahl (10) eindringt, angeordnet ist.
4. Röntgenröhre gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Röntgenstrahl einen Querschnitt besitzt, der dem Querschnitt (S) des Lochs (5) etwa gleich ist.
5. Röntgenröhre gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wegen des Verschlusses des zweiten Endes ein einziger vom zweiten Strahl (FX2) gebildeter Röntgenstrahl aus dem Loch austritt.
EP83401889A 1982-10-05 1983-09-27 Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung Expired - Lifetime EP0110734B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8216681A FR2534066B1 (fr) 1982-10-05 1982-10-05 Tube a rayons x produisant un faisceau a haut rendement, notamment en forme de pinceau
FR8216681 1982-10-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110734A2 EP0110734A2 (de) 1984-06-13
EP0110734A3 EP0110734A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0110734B1 true EP0110734B1 (de) 1990-11-14

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EP83401889A Expired - Lifetime EP0110734B1 (de) 1982-10-05 1983-09-27 Röntgenröhre für die Erzeugung eines Strahles hoher Leistung und besonderer Bündelung

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4675890A (de)
EP (1) EP0110734B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3381995D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2534066B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3381995D1 (de) 1990-12-20
FR2534066A1 (fr) 1984-04-06
FR2534066B1 (fr) 1989-09-08
US4675890A (en) 1987-06-23
EP0110734A2 (de) 1984-06-13
EP0110734A3 (en) 1985-12-04

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