EP0044239A1 - Bildverstärkerröhre mit Mikrokanälen und solch eine Röhre enthaltende Bildaufnahmeeinheit - Google Patents

Bildverstärkerröhre mit Mikrokanälen und solch eine Röhre enthaltende Bildaufnahmeeinheit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0044239A1
EP0044239A1 EP81401034A EP81401034A EP0044239A1 EP 0044239 A1 EP0044239 A1 EP 0044239A1 EP 81401034 A EP81401034 A EP 81401034A EP 81401034 A EP81401034 A EP 81401034A EP 0044239 A1 EP0044239 A1 EP 0044239A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
image
image intensifier
electrodes
getter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81401034A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0044239B1 (de
Inventor
Yves Beauvais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0044239A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044239A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0044239B1 publication Critical patent/EP0044239B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/501—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output with an electrostatic electron optic system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/94—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to image intensifier tubes comprising a micro-channel element.
  • Such an element consists of a large number of channels of very small diameter juxtaposed, produced in a wafer of a material with high secondary emission coefficient and low electrical conductivity.
  • a voltage of a few hundred volts is applied between the ends of the channels, each electron entering one of them causes the emission of secondary electrons, by impact on the wall of the channel, which electrons in turn generate new secondary electrons and so on, the result being a gain in electrons which can commonly reach values of 10 4 to 10 5 .
  • the object of the invention is to improve this stability and to increase the life of the tube.
  • the electronic optics ensures the acceleration and the transfer of the electrons emitted by each point of the photocathode towards a homologous point of the wafer 4; this electron transfer is accompanied by an image inversion, as shown by the brush drawing of electrons (curved arrows, without mark), corresponding to one of these points.
  • the electronic optical device is made up of several electrodes, the two main ones of which have been shown in the figure, namely the focusing electrode and the correction electrode; these electrodes bear the marks 30 and 31 respectively.
  • the secondary electrons are accelerated and focused towards the different) anointed with the luminescent screen by an electric field established between the wafer 4 and the screen 5; the figure shows, without reference mark, the cone of impact, on the screen, of the electrons of a channel, cone of which we have, for clarity, deliberately exaggerated the angle at the top.
  • These impacts form on the screen a bright image corresponding to the incident image.
  • inlet window and that of the tube outlet window have not been specified in the drawings. We only retained the presence of the photocathode in the first and of the luminescent screen in the second, between which takes place the path of the electrons produced by the photocathode, or photoelectrons, and which are the only elements necessary understanding the invention.
  • These windows may include other elements, such as optical fiber wafers or scintillators in the case of incident radiation outside the visible spectrum, as known in the art.
  • Such a tube makes it possible to obtain on its output screen an image with high luminance, thanks to the energy communicated to electrons by the potentials applied on the one hand, and to the multiplication ensured by the wafer of micro-channels on the other hand This property is used in many devices for the observation of dimly lit scenes, particularly night scenes.
  • FIG. 2 gives one of the most common examples of this distribution of potentials in an intensifier tube such as that described; the marks are used here to designate the average levels of the electrodes of the previous figure.
  • the electrons emitted by the photocathode are first accelerated then slightly slowed down, but reach the entry of the micro-channels with a positive acceleration; on the other hand, the ions created in these micro-channels, and whose potential is at most equal to that of the exit face 42 (for the electrons) of the wafer 4, are slowed down between the opposite face, entry, 40 thereof and the focusing electrode 30; their energy is insufficient for them to reach this electrode, which pushes them back towards the micro-channel wafer, towards the walls of the enclosure 20 and more particularly towards the correction electrode 31, the potential of which is the most negative. They fail to cross the top A of the potential profile.
  • correction electrode 31 the role of the correction electrode 31 is to standardize the angle of incidence of the electron brushes on the wafer of micro-channels, in order to standardize the gain, and to reduce the distortion of the picture.
  • the previous arrangement has the advantage of avoiding the degradation of the photocathode by a part of the ions present in the tube; on the other hand it does not limit the rise in pressure in the tube following the appearance of these ions and which indirectly has the same effects.
  • a getter material is placed on the parts of the tube to which the ions located in the last part of the path followed by the elections preferentially go, in particular on the correction electrode 31 and on the surface of the focalization electrode 30 facing the micro-channel plate 4, of the example described, under the conditions which will be explained.
  • Figure 3 shows, without limitation, an embodiment of the invention; in this figure, the left part, 3 (a) represents a half-section of a micro-channel image intensifier of the known art, and the right part, 3 (b) the other half-section of the same tube modified by the invention.
  • the figure shows three possible modifications, but not necessarily carried out simultaneously in the same tube of the invention.
  • the focusing electrode 30 is modified so as to allow the electrical supply of a getter; it is provided in two parts 301 and 302; the getter 50 is placed between these two parts, advantageously curved so as to serve as masks protecting against evaporation the various constituent parts 21-24 of the insulating envelope 20, as well as the micro-channel plate 4, of one side and photocathode 1 on the other, in the case of an evaporable getter with tantalum, titanium, barium, etc.
  • the same arrangement can be used in the case of a non-evaporable getter, with aluminum zirconium oxide for example; in this case the getter is supplied between the two parts of the electrode to which it serves as an electrical connection, by connections, 51 and 52 in the figure.
  • getter is arranged at the level of the correction electrode 31 also made in two parts 311 and 312 preferably bent for the same reasons; the getter carries the mark 60 in the figures and its connections the marks 61 and 62.
  • the prior art provides in some cases for housing a getter 80 at the photocahode connection, connection which consists, according to widespread practice, in a cup 70 welded to the input window 2; this getter is fed through the queusot 90 through the passage 100.
  • a screen 110 is provided to protect the near photocathode against evaporation of the getter.
  • the invention provides, to pass from such a getter, which is placed at a place in the tube where the formation of ions is unlikely.
  • the tip, or cathode connection is thus simplified and its diameter reduced, all other things being equal, compared to the case of tubes of the prior art. Such a reduction in the radial size of the tubes constitutes an advantage of the invention.
  • the entry window includes, in front of the photocathode, a scintillator attached to it.
  • the invention also covers such assemblies.

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
EP81401034A 1980-07-11 1981-06-26 Bildverstärkerröhre mit Mikrokanälen und solch eine Röhre enthaltende Bildaufnahmeeinheit Expired EP0044239B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8015496A FR2486712A1 (fr) 1980-07-11 1980-07-11 Tube intensificateur d'images a micro-canaux, et ensemble de prise de vues comprenant un tel tube
FR8015496 1980-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044239A1 true EP0044239A1 (de) 1982-01-20
EP0044239B1 EP0044239B1 (de) 1984-03-14

Family

ID=9244121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81401034A Expired EP0044239B1 (de) 1980-07-11 1981-06-26 Bildverstärkerröhre mit Mikrokanälen und solch eine Röhre enthaltende Bildaufnahmeeinheit

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4489251A (de)
EP (1) EP0044239B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5749152A (de)
DE (1) DE3162647D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2486712A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2157072A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-10-16 Getters Spa Image intensifier with an electrophoretic getter

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2559578Y2 (ja) * 1990-03-28 1998-01-19 株式会社島津製作所 イメージ・インテンシファイア
FR2688343A1 (fr) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-10 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube intensificateur d'image notamment radiologique, du type a galette de microcanaux.
JP4231123B2 (ja) * 1998-06-15 2009-02-25 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 電子管及び光電子増倍管
DE19921766C1 (de) * 1999-05-11 2001-02-01 Siemens Ag Röntgenbildverstärker und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JP4832898B2 (ja) * 2006-01-04 2011-12-07 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 電子管
WO2016172291A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Fermi Research Alliance, Llc Monocrystal-based microchannel plate image intensifier

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE506756A (de) * 1950-10-30
CH377948A (de) * 1958-02-14 1964-05-31 Rauland Corp Bildwandlerröhre
US3868536A (en) * 1971-10-18 1975-02-25 Varian Associates Image intensifier tube employing a microchannel electron multiplier
US3870917A (en) * 1971-05-10 1975-03-11 Itt Discharge device including channel type electron multiplier having ion adsorptive layer
FR2445612A1 (fr) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Labo Electronique Physique Tube image a galettes de microcanaux comportant deux chambres separees et un getter etale en surface, et procede de construction dudit tube

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2880348A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-03-31 Philco Corp Gettering units for electron tubes
US3100274A (en) * 1959-12-17 1963-08-06 Raytheon Co Electron tube with electrode having titanium surface serving as getter
US3816788A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Getter device
US4295073A (en) * 1978-03-28 1981-10-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Microchannel plate-in-wall structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE506756A (de) * 1950-10-30
CH377948A (de) * 1958-02-14 1964-05-31 Rauland Corp Bildwandlerröhre
US3870917A (en) * 1971-05-10 1975-03-11 Itt Discharge device including channel type electron multiplier having ion adsorptive layer
US3868536A (en) * 1971-10-18 1975-02-25 Varian Associates Image intensifier tube employing a microchannel electron multiplier
FR2445612A1 (fr) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Labo Electronique Physique Tube image a galettes de microcanaux comportant deux chambres separees et un getter etale en surface, et procede de construction dudit tube

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2157072A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-10-16 Getters Spa Image intensifier with an electrophoretic getter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2486712B1 (de) 1983-06-10
FR2486712A1 (fr) 1982-01-15
JPS5749152A (en) 1982-03-20
DE3162647D1 (en) 1984-04-19
US4489251A (en) 1984-12-18
EP0044239B1 (de) 1984-03-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3652773B1 (de) Kompakte quelle mit erzeugung von ionisierenden strahlen, anordnung mit einer vielzahl von quellen und verfahren zur herstellung der quelle
FR2926668A1 (fr) Source d'electrons a base d'emetteurs de champs pour radiographie multipoint.
WO1998057349A1 (fr) Tube a rayons x comportant une source d'electrons a micropointes et des moyens de guidage magnetique
JP3378041B2 (ja) イメージ増倍管
EP0044239B1 (de) Bildverstärkerröhre mit Mikrokanälen und solch eine Röhre enthaltende Bildaufnahmeeinheit
US3660668A (en) Image intensifier employing channel multiplier plate
WO1997016747A1 (en) Optical imaging system utilizing a charge amplification device
EP0340832B1 (de) Abgedichtete Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre
US6040000A (en) Method and apparatus for a microchannel plate having a fissured coating
EP0086120B1 (de) Elektronenoptischesgerät mit mit pyrolytischem Graphit versehenen Elementen
EP0228318A1 (de) Elektronenkanone vom Typ, der unter Ionenbeschuss Sekundäremission aufweist
FR3069100B1 (fr) Source generatrice de rayons ionisants compacte, ensemble comprenant plusieurs sources et procede de realisation de la source
EP1057208B1 (de) Nachtsichtvorrichtung mit bildverstärkerröhre
FR2573575A1 (fr) Tube a rayons cathodiques presentant un piege a ions
WO2019011997A1 (fr) Source génératrice de rayons ionisants compacte, ensemble comprenant plusieurs sources et procédé de réalisation de la source
EP0423886A1 (de) Mehrweg-Photovervielfacher mit hoher Zwischensignalauflösung
FR2461352A1 (fr) Dispositif muni d'un tube de camera de television et tube de camera de television destine a un tel dispositif
EP0176422A1 (de) Bildaufnahmeröhre, Anordnung mit einer solchen Röhre und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben
US5493174A (en) Imaging tube having improved fluorescent surface structure on fiber optic plate
FR2482778A1 (fr) Canon a electrons pour faisceau convergent, et dispositif, tube vidicon notamment, muni d'un tel canon
FR2658361A1 (fr) Dispositif de detection et d'amplification de faibles courants ioniques positifs et negatifs.
FR2604560A1 (fr) Tube electrostatique obturateur muni d'ouvertures de collimation pour photographie a haute vitesse
FR2688939A1 (fr) Amplificateur de brillance radiologique.
EP0497244A1 (de) Ultraschnelle Kamera für Anzeigen des Profils der Intensität eines Laserpuls
FR2686731A1 (fr) Convertisseur de rayonnement ionisant et appareil de diagnostic utilisant un tel convertisseur.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820203

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE GB

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3162647

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19840419

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19910524

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19910531

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19920626

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19920626

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19930302