EP0389051A1 - Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit - Google Patents

Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389051A1
EP0389051A1 EP90200640A EP90200640A EP0389051A1 EP 0389051 A1 EP0389051 A1 EP 0389051A1 EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 90200640 A EP90200640 A EP 90200640A EP 0389051 A1 EP0389051 A1 EP 0389051A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
focusing
dynode
multiplier
photocathode
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90200640A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0389051B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Boutot
Pierre L'hermite
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Photonis SAS
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Radiotechnique Compelec RTC SA
Photonis SAS
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication date
Application filed by Radiotechnique Compelec RTC SA, Photonis SAS, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Radiotechnique Compelec RTC SA
Publication of EP0389051A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389051A1/de
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Publication of EP0389051B1 publication Critical patent/EP0389051B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplying structure with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode.
  • the invention applies to the general technical field of photomultiplier tubes.
  • the photomultiplier tube subject of the preamble corresponds to a conventional type of tubes known as "linear focused" describes, for example, in French Patent No. 1 288 477.
  • the focusing multiplier structure said structure also de Rajchman, presents, in addition to the input dynode, a plurality of dynodes whose shape and arrangement are designed so as to ensure progressive focusing of the electronic trajectories along the multiplying structure.
  • This focusing reduces the dispersion of transit times between stages and allows the structure, and therefore the tube, to have high speed performance.
  • the focused linear tubes offer good response linearity as a function of the incident flux.
  • the electronic input optics of these photomultiplier tubes known from the state of the art do not offer a constant collection efficiency of the photoelectrons emitted by the photocathode, because the input dynode of the focusing multiplier structure, c that is to say in this case the first dynode of the tube, has a reduced surface relative to that of the photocathode and is quite distant from the photocathode. This therefore results in a certain inhomogeneity of collection insofar as the electrons coming from the periphery of the photocathode are not all picked up by the input dynode.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the object of the present invention is to produce a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode, focusing electrodes and a focusing multiplying structure, with a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising, at least, an input dynode, a tube which would allow greater collection efficiency and homogeneity than those of conventional focused linear photomultiplier tubes, even in the case of a large photocathode, while retaining good linearity and satisfactory speed.
  • said photomultiplier tube has, between the photocathode and said focusing multiplier structure, a first multiplier stage composed, in order from the set of photocathode and focusing electrodes , an accelerating grid, a multiplier dynode of the hole plate type, and an extractor grid provided with the same arrangement of holes as said multiplier dynode, the output of said extractor grid being coupled to the input dynode of said multiplying structure by a focusing electrode.
  • multiplier dynodes to plate-like holes and the associated extracting grids are known in the prior art to form, in general, stackable dynode electron multiplier devices like that described in French patent No. 2 549 288 or in French patent unpublished application No. 88 09083.
  • the photomultiplier tube according to the invention has a large collection surface linked to the dimension of the first multiplier dynode, and allows, because of the structure of the plate with holes, to collect photoelectrons. whose trajectory is very inclined compared to the first dynode.
  • This characteristic offers the advantage of being able to use large surface, flat or spherical photocathodes, and leads to a better homogeneity of collection.
  • the tube according to the invention by virtue of the electronic focusing produced by the focusing multiplying structure, has good linearity and good speed, all the more so as the differences between electrons coming from the center and from the edge of the photocathode are reduced by the plate form of the first multiplying dynode.
  • the invention allows the treatment of dynodes "in situ", the flat dynode of the first multiplier stage at the entrance of the tube facilitates the deposition of a layer with secondary emission, for example of alkaline antimonide, which improves the ratio signal to noise.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in section, a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode 10, here a flat photocathode deposited on a window 11, a set of focusing electrodes 12 and 12 ′, and a focusing multiplying structure 20, known per se, comprising a input dynode 21, as well as other multiplier dynodes and a gate output anode A.
  • a photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode 10, here a flat photocathode deposited on a window 11, a set of focusing electrodes 12 and 12 ′, and a focusing multiplying structure 20, known per se, comprising a input dynode 21, as well as other multiplier dynodes and a gate output anode A.
  • the photocathode 10, focusing electrode 12 constituted by an aluminum deposit on the inner wall of the sleeve 13 of the tube and one (or more) electrode (s) 12 ′ brought (s) to electrical potentials, relative to the photocathode, between, for example, 100 V and 2000 V, has the effect of attracting and concentrating the photoelectrons 51 emitted by photocathode 10 on the first multiplier stage. As can be seen in FIG.
  • the photomultiplier tube has, between the photocathode assembly 10 and focusing electrodes 12 and 12 ′ on the one hand, and said focusing multiplier structure 20 on the other hand, a first multiplier stage 30 composed of three parts, in order from the focusing electrode 12 ′: - a grid 31 of great transparency, produced by example using metal wires 1 to 2 mm apart. - a multiplier dynode 32 of electrons, parallel to the grid 31, and formed of a plate with holes, said holes being arranged in a regular planar network, as described in the French patent application filed by the Applicant under the number n o 88 09083.
  • the pitch of said regular plane network may be equal to or less than that of grid 31, for example 0.65 mm.
  • the potential of the multiplying dynode 32 is equal to or greater from 10 to 30 V than that of the grid 31.
  • the electric field prevailing between the grid 31 and the multiplying dynode 32 promotes the attraction of the secondary electrons 52 emitted by the dynode multiplier 32 to the extractor grid 33 after secondary multiplication, - an extractor grid 33, parallel to the multiplier dynode 32, and also formed of a plate provided with the same arrangement of holes as the dynode 32, the holes of the extractor grid 33 being placed opposite the holes of the multiplier dynode 32.
  • the extractor grid 33 is brought to an electrical potential of 50 to 200 V higher than that of the multiplying dynode 32.
  • a focusing electrode 40 makes it possible to focus the secondary electrons 52 leaving the extracting grid 33 on the input dynode 21 of the focusing multiplier structure 20.
  • This focusing electrode 40 has the shape of a metal cylinder and its potential is close from that of the first multiplying dynode 32 (10 to 20 V more or less).
  • the input dynode 21 is brought for example to a potential of 100 to 500 V greater than that of the extractor grid 33.

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP90200640A 1989-03-24 1990-03-19 Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0389051B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903930A FR2644932B1 (fr) 1989-03-24 1989-03-24 Tube photomultiplicateur rapide a grande homogeneite de collection
FR8903930 1989-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389051A1 true EP0389051A1 (de) 1990-09-26
EP0389051B1 EP0389051B1 (de) 1994-06-22

Family

ID=9380054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90200640A Expired - Lifetime EP0389051B1 (de) 1989-03-24 1990-03-19 Photovervielfacherröhre mit grosser Aufnahmewirksamkeit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5043628A (de)
EP (1) EP0389051B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2803889B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1046068A (de)
DE (1) DE69010039T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2644932B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0898296A2 (de) * 1997-08-21 1999-02-24 Burle Industries, Inc. Kurze Gammacamera-Photovervielfacherröhre

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3473913B2 (ja) * 1992-05-28 2003-12-08 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
US5656807A (en) * 1995-09-22 1997-08-12 Packard; Lyle E. 360 degrees surround photon detector/electron multiplier with cylindrical photocathode defining an internal detection chamber
US6462324B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2002-10-08 Burle Technologies, Inc. Photomultiplier tube with an improved dynode aperture mesh design
JP4246879B2 (ja) * 2000-04-03 2009-04-02 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 電子増倍管及び光電子増倍管
US7427835B2 (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-09-23 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Photomultiplier including a photocathode, a dynode unit, a focusing electrode, and an accelerating electrode
US20130299713A1 (en) * 2010-11-15 2013-11-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Multiplier Tube Neutron Detector
US9184034B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-11-10 Kla-Tencor Corporation Photomultiplier tube with extended dynamic range

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131339A1 (de) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-16 Hyperelec Elektronenvervielfacherelement, aus diesen Elementen aufgebaute Elektronenvervielfacheranordnung und seine Anwendung in einer Photovervielfacherröhre

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5595264A (en) * 1979-01-16 1980-07-19 Hamamatsu Tv Kk Photoelectron multiplier
JPS5686449A (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-07-14 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Electron multiplier
US4431943A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-02-14 Rca Corporation Electron discharge device having a high speed cage
US4645918A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-02-24 Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha Instruments for measuring light pulses clocked at high repetition rate and electron tube devices therefor
JPS59167946A (ja) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-21 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子増倍管
JPH07118294B2 (ja) * 1987-02-13 1995-12-18 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管
FR2634062A1 (fr) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-12 Radiotechnique Compelec Dynode du type " a feuilles ", multiplicateur d'electrons et tube photomultiplicateur comportant de telles dynodes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131339A1 (de) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-16 Hyperelec Elektronenvervielfacherelement, aus diesen Elementen aufgebaute Elektronenvervielfacheranordnung und seine Anwendung in einer Photovervielfacherröhre

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 5, no. 153 (E-76)(825) 26 septembre 1981, & JP-A-56 86449 (KOGYO GIJUTSUIN) 14 juillet 1981, *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 19 (E-292)(1742) 25 janvier 1985, & JP-A-59 167946 (HAMAMATSU HOTONIKUSU) 21 septembre 1984, *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0898296A2 (de) * 1997-08-21 1999-02-24 Burle Industries, Inc. Kurze Gammacamera-Photovervielfacherröhre
EP0898296A3 (de) * 1997-08-21 1999-04-14 Burle Industries, Inc. Kurze Gammacamera-Photovervielfacherröhre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2644932A1 (fr) 1990-09-28
US5043628A (en) 1991-08-27
CN1046068A (zh) 1990-10-10
DE69010039D1 (de) 1994-07-28
FR2644932B1 (fr) 1991-07-26
JP2803889B2 (ja) 1998-09-24
JPH02295053A (ja) 1990-12-05
EP0389051B1 (de) 1994-06-22
DE69010039T2 (de) 1995-01-05

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