EP0388765B1 - Fillercap for a reservoir neck - Google Patents

Fillercap for a reservoir neck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0388765B1
EP0388765B1 EP90104760A EP90104760A EP0388765B1 EP 0388765 B1 EP0388765 B1 EP 0388765B1 EP 90104760 A EP90104760 A EP 90104760A EP 90104760 A EP90104760 A EP 90104760A EP 0388765 B1 EP0388765 B1 EP 0388765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cap
inner part
annular
closure
sealing diaphragm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90104760A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0388765A1 (en
Inventor
Konrad Scharrer
Josef Weichselbaumer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BLAU GMBH FABRIK FUER KRAFTFAHRZEUGTEILE
Audi AG
Original Assignee
B L A U GmbH
Audi AG
Blau KG
Blau KG Fabrik fuer Kraftfahrzeugteile
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by B L A U GmbH, Audi AG, Blau KG, Blau KG Fabrik fuer Kraftfahrzeugteile filed Critical B L A U GmbH
Publication of EP0388765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0388765A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0388765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0388765B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/0204—Filling
    • F01P11/0209—Closure caps
    • F01P11/0238—Closure caps with overpressure valves or vent valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/32—Radiator cap

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verschlußdeckel für einen Behälterstutzen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a closure cover for a container neck according to the preamble of claim 1.

Dieser Verschlußdeckel stellt einen internen Stand der Technik das, ein Verschlußdeckel ähnlichen Aufbaus ist aus der US-A- 27 99 260 bekannt.This cover represents an internal state of the art, a construction similar to a cover is known from US-A-27 99 260.

Bei Kühlerdeckeln werden heute von der Industrie Drucktoleranzen von 0,1 Bar für das Öffnen des Überdruck-Unterdruckventils bei einem in dem Behälter herrschenden Über- bzw. Unterdruck gefordert. Diese Forderung ist mit normalen Federn kaum zu erreichen, da deren Toleranzen in der Regel zu größeren Drucktoleranzen führen würden.With cooler caps, industry today is demanding pressure tolerances of 0.1 bar for opening the overpressure-vacuum valve when there is overpressure or underpressure in the container. This requirement can hardly be met with normal springs, since their tolerances would generally lead to greater pressure tolerances.

Aus der DE-C- 359 598 ist ein Überdruckventil an einem Kühler bekannt, dessen als Schraubenfeder ausgebildete Ventilfeder mit ihrem dem Ventilkörper fernen Ende an einem Stützkörper anliegt, der mittels einer Gewindespindel axial verstellbar ist, so daß die Vorspannung der Ventilfeder und damit der Öffnungsdruck des Ventils eingestellt werden kann.From DE-C-359 598 a pressure relief valve on a radiator is known, the valve spring of which is designed as a helical spring and whose end is remote from the valve body lies against a support body which is axially adjustable by means of a threaded spindle, so that the preload of the valve spring and thus the opening pressure of the valve can be adjusted.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Deckel der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem auf einfache Weise und ohne die Verwendung von Spezialfedern erreicht werden kann, daß das Überdruck-Unterdruckventil bei einem Druckwert öffnet, der innerhalb enger vorgegebener Grenzen liegt.The invention has for its object to provide a lid of the type mentioned, with the can be achieved in a simple manner and without the use of special springs that the pressure-vacuum valve opens at a pressure value which is within narrowly specified limits.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Verschlußdeckel kann die Vorspannung der Überdruckfeder mit einfachen Mitteln genau eingestellt werden. Die Toleranzen der verwendeten Federn spielen hierbei keine Rolle.In the closure cover designed according to the invention, the pretension of the pressure spring can be precisely adjusted with simple means. The tolerances of the springs used are irrelevant.

Die radial innere Wand kann beispielsweise als Sechskantfläche ausgebildet sein, so daß der Stützkörper mit einem in die Öffnung eingreifenden Sechskantschlüssel bequem verdreht und damit die Spannung der Feder eingestellt werden kann. Die als Überdruckfeder verwendete Schraubendruckfeder ist an ihren Endflächen angeschliffen, um eine ebene Auflagefläche zu erzielen. Um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Federdruckes der Überdruckfeder auf die flexible Stützscheibe zu erreichen, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß sich die Überdruckfeder mit ihrem der Dichtmembran zugekehrten Ende an einem Teller abstützt, der mittels eines Kugelgelenkes auf der flexiblen Stützscheibe gelagert ist. Der Teller kann dabei in seinem Zentrum eine kugelschalenförmige Erhebung aufweisen, die in eine entsprechende kugelpfannenartige Vertiefung der Stützscheibe eingreift.The radially inner wall can be designed, for example, as a hexagonal surface, so that the support body can be easily rotated with a hexagonal key that engages in the opening, and the tension of the spring can thus be adjusted. The helical compression spring used as an overpressure spring is ground on its end surfaces in order to achieve a flat contact surface. In order to achieve a uniform distribution of the spring pressure of the pressure spring on the flexible support plate, it is proposed according to the invention that the pressure spring with its end facing the sealing membrane is supported on a plate which is mounted on the flexible support plate by means of a ball joint. The plate can have a spherical shell-shaped elevation in its center, which engages in a corresponding ball socket-like recess in the support disk.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen und der folgenden Beschreibung der Erfindung, welche in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt einen die Achse enthaltenden, teilweise schematischen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Kühlerdekkel.Further advantages of the invention emerge from the further subclaims and the following description of the invention, which in conjunction with the accompanying drawings explains the invention using an exemplary embodiment. The single figure shows a partially schematic section through a radiator cap according to the invention containing the axle.

Der dargestellte Kühlerdeckel umfaßt eine in der Regel aus Kunststoff bestehende äußere Deckelkappe 10 und ein mit diesem in nicht dargestellter Weise verbundenes allgemein mit 12 bezeichnetes Deckelinnenteil 12. Das Deckelinnenteil besteht aus einem topfförmigen unteren Abschnitt 14 mit einem radial nach außen gerichteten Flansch 16, der eine Ringdichtung 18 abstützt, die zur Auflage auf dem Rand eines durch den Kühlerdeckel zu verschließenden nicht dargestellten Behälterstutzens bestimmt ist. Die Ringdichtung 18 wird durch achsparallel verlaufende Rippen 20 an der Innenseite der Deckelkappe 10 gehalten, so daß sie sich nicht von dem Flansch 16 lösen kann. Das aus Blech bestehende Unterteil 14 ist mit einem ebenfalls aus Blech gefertigten Oberteil 22 verbunden, das aus einem zylindrischen Abschnitt 24 und einem radial nach außen abstehenden Ring 26 besteht. Dieser Ring 26 liegt auf der der Ringdichtung abgewandten Seite des Flansches 16 auf und ist durch ein Einwärtsbördeln des Flanschrandes fest mit dem Unterteil 14 verbunden, wie dies in der Figur dargestellt ist.The radiator cap shown comprises an outer cover cap 10, which is generally made of plastic, and a cover inner part 12, which is connected to the cover part 12 in a manner not shown Ring seal 18 supports the Support is determined on the edge of a container neck, not shown, to be closed by the radiator cap. The ring seal 18 is held by axially parallel ribs 20 on the inside of the cap 10, so that it can not detach from the flange 16. The lower part 14, which is made of sheet metal, is connected to an upper part 22, which is also made of sheet metal and consists of a cylindrical section 24 and a ring 26 projecting radially outwards. This ring 26 rests on the side of the flange 16 facing away from the ring seal and is firmly connected to the lower part 14 by flanging the flange edge inwards, as shown in the figure.

Der zylindrische Abschnitt 24 ist mit einem Innengewinde 28 versehen. In den so gebildeten Gewindeansatz ist ein ein Außengewinde tragender Ring 30 eingeschraubt, der ein U-förmiges Querschnittsprofil aufweist. Die radial innere Wand 32 des Ringes 30 ist als Innensechskantfläche ausgebildet, so daß in die Mittelöffnung des Ringes ein Sechskantschlüssel eingeführt werden kann, mit dessen Hilfe der Ring in den Gewindeansatz 24 eingedreht werden kann. Der Ring 30 dient in der dargestellten Weise zur Abstützung einer Schraubendruckfeder 34, die sich mit ihrem dem Ring 30 fernen Ende auf einem Teller 36 abstützt. Dieser weist in seinem Zentrum eine kugelkopfförmige Ausformung 38 auf, die in eine Kugelpfanne 40 einer flexiblen Stützscheibe 42 eingreift. Die flexible Stützscheibe 42 liegt an einer ringförmigen Dichtmembran 44 an. Die Dichtmembran 44 liegt auf einer Ringrippe 46 auf, die an einer radial einwärts gerichteten Schulter 48 am unteren Ende des Deckelinnenteils 12 ausgebildet ist. Die Ringrippe 46 ist dabei einstückig mit einem Kunststoffteil 50 ausgebildet, das durch Umspritzen des unteren Endes des Unterteils 14 gebildet ist.The cylindrical section 24 is provided with an internal thread 28. A ring 30 carrying an external thread and having a U-shaped cross-sectional profile is screwed into the thread attachment thus formed. The radially inner wall 32 of the ring 30 is designed as a hexagon socket surface so that a hexagon wrench can be inserted into the central opening of the ring, with the aid of which the ring can be screwed into the threaded attachment 24. The ring 30 serves in the manner shown to support a helical compression spring 34 which is supported with its end remote from the ring 30 on a plate 36. In its center, this has a spherical head-shaped shape 38 which engages in a ball socket 40 of a flexible support disk 42. The flexible support disk 42 bears against an annular sealing membrane 44. The sealing membrane 44 rests on an annular rib 46 which is formed on a radially inwardly directed shoulder 48 at the lower end of the inner cover part 12. The ring rib 46 is integrally formed with a plastic part 50, which is formed by overmolding the lower end of the lower part 14.

Die Mittelöffnung 52 der ringförmigen Dichtmembran 44 wird durch einen flachen Blechtopf 54 verschlossen, der von einer sich an seinem radial auswärts gerichteten Rand abstützende Schraubendruckfeder 56 umgeben ist, die sich mit ihrem entgegengesetzten Ende an einem radial einwärts gerichteten Abschnitt 58 des Kunststoffteils 50 abstützt.The central opening 52 of the annular sealing membrane 44 is closed by a flat tin pot 54 which is surrounded by a helical compression spring 56 which is supported on its radially outward edge and which is supported with its opposite end on a radially inward section 58 of the plastic part 50.

Der soweit beschrieben Kühlerdeckel arbeitet bei der Einwirkung von Unterdruck oder Überdrück in dem von ihm verschlossenen Behälter folgendermaßen:The radiator cap described so far works as follows when exposed to negative pressure or excess pressure in the container closed by it:

Herrscht in dem von dem Kühlerdeckel verschlossenen Behälter ein Unterdruck, so wirkt dieser über die in dem Boden des Deckelinnenteils 12 ausgebildete Öffnung 60 auf den Federtopf 54 und zieht diesen gegen die Wirkung der Unterdruckfeder 56 zum Behälterinnenraum hin. Die Dichtmembran folgt dieser Bewegung zunächst ein gewisses Stück, bis sie an einer radial zwischen der Ringrippe 46 und dem Rand des Federtopfes 54 liegenden Ringrippe 62 an dem Kunststoffteil 50 anstößt und bei einer weiteren Bewegung des Federtopfes 54 von diesem abgehoben wird. Dadurch wird eine Verbindung zwischen dem Behälterinnenraum und der Außenwelt geschaffen, die über die Öffnung 60 in dem Deckelinnenteil 12, den Zwischenraum zwischen der Dichtmembran 44 und dem Rand des Federtopfes 54, die Mittelöffnung 52 in der Dichtmembran 44, Öffnungen 64 in der Stützscheibe 42 und Öffnungen 66 in dem Oberteil des Deckelinnenteils führt.If there is a negative pressure in the container closed by the radiator cap, this acts on the spring cup 54 via the opening 60 formed in the bottom of the inner cover part 12 and pulls it against the action of the negative pressure spring 56 toward the container interior. The sealing membrane initially follows this movement a certain distance until it abuts the plastic part 50 on an annular rib 62 lying radially between the annular rib 46 and the edge of the spring cup 54 and is lifted off the spring cup 54 during a further movement. This creates a connection between the container interior and the outside world, via the opening 60 in the lid inner part 12, the space between the sealing membrane 44 and the edge of the spring cup 54, the central opening 52 in the sealing membrane 44, openings 64 in the support disk 42 and Opens openings 66 in the upper part of the inner cover part.

Ein in dem Behälterinnenraum herrschender Überdruck wirkt ebenfalls gegen den Federtopf 54 und hebt diesen zusammen mit der Dichtmembran 44 der Stützscheibe 42 und dem Teller 36 gegen die Kraft der Überdruckfeder 44 von der Ringrippe 46 ab, so daß über die Bodenöffnung 60 des Deckelinnenteils und die Öffnungen 66 in dem Oberteil desselben eine Verbindung zwischen dem Behälterinnenraum und der Außenwelt geschaffen wird. Je nach dem, wie stark die Überdruckfeder 34 durch das Hineindrehen oder Herausdrehen des Ringes 30 aus dem Ansatz 24 vorgespannt wurde, öffnet das so gebildete Überdruck-Unterdruckventil bei einem mehr oder weniger starken Überdruck im Behälterinnenraum. Der Öffnungsdruck läßt sich damit für die eingebauten Federn ganz genau einstellen und ist damit nicht mehr abhängig von den Federtoleranzen.An overpressure prevailing in the container interior also acts against the spring cup 54 and lifts it together with the sealing membrane 44 of the support disk 42 and the plate 36 against the force of the pressure spring 44 from the annular rib 46, so that the bottom opening 60 of the inner cover part and the openings 66 in the upper part of the same a connection between the container interior and the outside world is created. Depending on how much the pressure spring 34 has been biased by screwing the ring 30 in or out of the neck 24, the pressure-vacuum valve thus formed opens at a more or less strong pressure in the interior of the container. The opening pressure can thus be set very precisely for the installed springs and is therefore no longer dependent on the spring tolerances.

Nachzutragen ist noch, daß in der Stützscheibe 42 nahe deren Rand eine Ringsicke 68 ausgeformt ist, die auf der Dichtmembran aufliegt und deren mittlerer Durchmesser dem mittleren Durchmesser der Ringrippe 46 entspricht. Diese Ringsicke 48 sorgt dafür, daß der Druck der Stützscheibe 42 im Bereich der Ringrippe 46 auf die Dichtmembran 44 ausgeübt wird. Eine gute Zentrierung der Dichtmembran 44 und der Stützscheibe 42 wird durch Zentrierrippen 70 gewährleistet, die an der Innenseite des topfförmigen Unterteils 14 des Deckelinnenteils 12 ausgebildet sind.It must also be added that an annular bead 68 is formed in the support disk 42 near the edge thereof, which rests on the sealing membrane and whose average diameter corresponds to the average diameter of the annular rib 46. This ring bead 48 ensures that the pressure of the support disk 42 is exerted on the sealing membrane 44 in the region of the ring rib 46. A good centering of the sealing membrane 44 and the support disk 42 is ensured by centering ribs 70, which are formed on the inside of the pot-shaped lower part 14 of the inner cover part 12.

Claims (5)

  1. A closure cap for a container neck, more particularly a radiator cap, comprising a cap (10) and, connected thereto, a pot-shaped inner part (12) having a radially outwardly directed annular flange (16), which bears an annular seal (18) intended to rest on the edge of the neck, and comprising a positive pressure / negative pressure valve, comprising an annular sealing diaphragm (44) which by its inner surface facing the interior of the container engages an annular sealing surface (46) of the cap inner part (12) and a closure part (54) of smaller diameter than the said inner part (12) and covering the central opening (52) of the sealing diaphragm (44), said closure part (54) being clamped against the inner surface of the sealing diaphragm (44) by a negative pressure spring (56) bearing against the bottom (58) of the cap inner part (12), said diaphragm (44) being engaged, at its outwardly extending surface, by a support washer (42), under the pressure of a positive pressure spring (34), characterised in that the positive pressure spring (34), which is formed by a helical compression spring, engages a support member (30) by its end remote from the sealing diaphragm (44), said support member (30) being formed by a ring of U-shaped profile, the radially inner wall (31) of which encloses a polygonal opening surface, the radially outer wall of which bears the screwthread on its outside and which is adapted to be so screwed into a cylindrical projection (24) on the cap inner part (12) bearing the co-acting screwthread (28) that the prestressing of the positive pressure spring (34) is adjustable by axial movement of the support member (30).
  2. A closure cap according to claim 1, characterised in that the positive pressure spring (34) bears, by its end facing the sealing diaphragm (44), against a plate (36) mounted by a ball joint on the flexible support washer (42).
  3. A closure cap according to claim 2, characterised in that the support washer (42) comprises an annular corrugation (68) formed towards the sealing diaphragm (44), the mean diameter of said corrugation being approximately equal to the mean diameter of the sealing surface (46) at the cap inner part (12).
  4. A closure cap according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the support washer (42) has at least one opening (64) radially inside the central opening (52) of the sealing diaphragm (44).
  5. A closure cap according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the sealing surface at the cap inner part (12) is formed by an annular rib (46) and in that a second somewhat flatter annular rib (62) is disposed between it and the closure part (54).
EP90104760A 1989-03-23 1990-03-13 Fillercap for a reservoir neck Expired - Lifetime EP0388765B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8903708U DE8903708U1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23
DE8903708U 1989-03-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0388765A1 EP0388765A1 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0388765B1 true EP0388765B1 (en) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=6837518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90104760A Expired - Lifetime EP0388765B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1990-03-13 Fillercap for a reservoir neck

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5036888A (en)
EP (1) EP0388765B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0356258A (en)
DD (1) DD297797A5 (en)
DE (2) DE8903708U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2050291T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9013214U1 (en) * 1990-09-18 1991-03-14 Blau Kg, 4018 Langenfeld, De
DE9016938U1 (en) * 1990-12-14 1991-03-07 Blau Fabrik Fuer Fahrzeugteile Gesellschaft M.B.H., Salzburg, At
DE4121086A1 (en) * 1991-06-26 1993-01-14 Laengerer & Reich Kuehler PRESSURE VALVE DEVICE FOR THE COOLING CIRCUIT OF A LIQUID-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
JP3118879B2 (en) * 1991-06-27 2000-12-18 豊田合成株式会社 Fuel cap
DE19753597A1 (en) * 1997-12-03 1999-06-24 Heinrich Reutter Closure cover for automotive radiators
US6532910B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2003-03-18 Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. Engine cooling system
US7152555B2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2006-12-26 Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. Engine cooling system
DE20201082U1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2003-06-05 Reutter Heinrich Cover for automobile radiator
US8517200B1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2013-08-27 Ron Davis Racing Products, Inc. Decorative radiator cap cover retention system for automotive use
GB2518670B (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-10-05 Ford Global Tech Llc An apparatus and system for detecting a cooling system leak
US20200063638A1 (en) * 2018-08-23 2020-02-27 Hsi-Chang LEE Pressure adjustable radiator cap

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE359598C (en) * 1922-09-25 Paul Belitz Cooler with safety valve for internal combustion engines
DD16107A (en) *
DE369931C (en) * 1920-05-04 1923-02-24 Marius Jean Baptiste Barbarou Container lock
US1839029A (en) * 1930-05-03 1931-12-29 Edward S Horan Radiator
US2203801A (en) * 1936-11-12 1940-06-11 Eaton Mfg Co Closure device for sealed cooling systems
US3061138A (en) * 1957-01-03 1962-10-30 Edelmann And Company E Radiator cap
DE2339477A1 (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-02-20 Blau Kg Kraftfahrzeugtech Cylinder lock for vehicle container covers - has lock cylinder insert with locks engaging container edge and spring couplings for cover
GB1455984A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-11-17 Blau Kg Kraftfahrzeugtech Closure cap
GB1534318A (en) * 1976-08-12 1978-11-29 Gen Motors France Closure caps
DE2752930A1 (en) * 1977-11-26 1979-05-31 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr CLOSING PART FOR FILLING CONNECTOR OF RADIATOR OR. EXPANSION TANK IN THE COOLING CIRCUITS OF COMBUSTION MACHINES, IN PARTICULAR IN MOTOR VEHICLES, WITH AN PRESSURE AND VACUUM VALVE
US4185751A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-01-29 Stant Manufacturing Company, Inc. Radiator cap
US4913303A (en) * 1987-06-16 1990-04-03 Stant Inc. Liquid splash control fuel cap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0388765A1 (en) 1990-09-26
JPH0356258A (en) 1991-03-11
DE8903708U1 (en) 1990-07-26
DE59004272D1 (en) 1994-03-03
ES2050291T3 (en) 1994-05-16
US5036888A (en) 1991-08-06
DD297797A5 (en) 1992-01-23

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