EP0378194B1 - Garn aus zusammengesetzten Fäden, Verfahren und Spinndüse zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Garn aus zusammengesetzten Fäden, Verfahren und Spinndüse zur Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378194B1
EP0378194B1 EP90100443A EP90100443A EP0378194B1 EP 0378194 B1 EP0378194 B1 EP 0378194B1 EP 90100443 A EP90100443 A EP 90100443A EP 90100443 A EP90100443 A EP 90100443A EP 0378194 B1 EP0378194 B1 EP 0378194B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
component
polyamide
spinneret
composite filament
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EP90100443A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0378194A2 (de
EP0378194A3 (en
Inventor
Yukio Yamakawa
Soichiro Tanaka
Koji Itonaga
Yasushi Nakai
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Kanebo Ltd
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Kanebo Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP89324089A external-priority patent/JPH02277821A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1328213A external-priority patent/JPH03193915A/ja
Application filed by Kanebo Ltd filed Critical Kanebo Ltd
Publication of EP0378194A2 publication Critical patent/EP0378194A2/de
Publication of EP0378194A3 publication Critical patent/EP0378194A3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to polyamide/ polyurethane composite filament yarns having a crimpability, a process and a spinneret for manufacturing the same and hosiery, such as stockings or the like, knitted therewith.
  • composite filaments consisting of polyamide and polyurethane components conjugated eccentrically with each other in a unitary filament have an excellent crimpability (Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. Sho-55-22,570 and 55-27,175).
  • side-by-side type composite filaments for example, such as shown in Fig. 4, though these are excellent in crimpability, have a drawback such that separation of the components and deterioration of physical properties are caused by bending or abrasion during processing steps or wearing of textile articles composed of such filaments, due to insufficient compatibility of the both components.
  • Another drawback is polyurethane components exposed on the surface of the filament stick to each other due to retarded solidification of polyurethane melt, so that as-spun and wound filament yarns cannot be unwound from a yarn package due to sticking.
  • sheath and kidney-like core type composite filaments as shown in Fig. 5 which have been proposed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Sho-55-27,175, have solved the problems presented by the side-by-side type composite filaments, such filaments still have a drawback that a crimp developability by virtue of difference in shrinkage between a high shrinking polyurethane component and a low shrinking polyamide component is poor because the polyurethane core component is completely surrounded with the polyamide sheath component.
  • the spinneret shown in Fig. 2 comprises a vertical conduit 2 extending from a polyamide leading duct 1, having an orifice 3 of small diameter opening downwards, and an injection pipe 5 extending obliquely downwards from a polyurethane leading duct 4, protruding the tip end portion into said conduit 2.
  • the degree of the protrusion is adjusted to an extent that the inner circumference of the opening tip end of the injection pipe 5 is just tangent internally to the inner circumference of the conduit 2.
  • the polyamide component A surrounds the most part of the polyurethane component and decreases gradually its thickness along the periphery, so that stress concentration as aforementioned is relaxed so that excellent adhesion is obtained between the polyamide and polyurethane components, not allowing the both components to split easily and sticking of polyurethane components to each other can be prevented between as-spun filament yarns wound on a take-up roll.
  • both the side-by-side type and sheath and kidney-like core type filaments are attended by a problem of fisheyes caused by a poor stability of polyurethane melt during spinning.
  • the fisheye is meant a local thick portion in drawn filament after spinning, winding and drawing, which causes a poor draw-twisting operability of undrawn filament yarns as well as inferior qualities of articles, such as stockings, composed of the filament yarns.
  • the number of fisheyes is a value obtained by counting thick portions having a diameter five times the normal diameter of the unitary filament constituting a drawn yarn and converting the count to the number per 1 kg of the filament yarn.
  • a composite filament yarn comprising a metallic conductive core exposed at a small part of the surface is shown in EP-A-0 276 756.
  • EP-A-0 276 756 A composite filament yarn comprising a metallic conductive core exposed at a small part of the surface is shown in EP-A-0 276 756.
  • the exposed part is uniform or not, even if the exposed part is not throughout the length of the yarn, in order to minimize metal abrasion.
  • the first object of the present invention is to constantly provide uniform, incomplete sheath and core type composite filaments consisting of a polyamide and a polyurethane, with excellent physical properties, such as crimpability, abrasion resistance or the like, and exhibiting a good processability with a restrained stickiness of undrawn yarns.
  • the second object is to largely reduce fisheyes of drawn yarns by passing a polyamide/polyurethane composite polymer through a constriction in a nozzle to effect fluid orientation.
  • the polyurethane core component is preferred to be exposed substantially in a uniform width preferably between 3% and 15%, of the circumference of the filament.
  • said exposed width has a standard deviation of not exceeding 1.6%, about a mean value.
  • the composite filaments of the invention are preferred to have a cross-sectional shape of the polyamide sheath component wherein a thin portion having a thickness of not more than 1/20 of the diameter of the composite filament, extends by a width of not exceeding 1/5, preferably 1/10, of the diameter of the composite filament, and terminates suddenly reducing the thickness. With such a shape, it is easy to maintain a uniform exposed width of the polyurethane core component.
  • the conjugate ratio of the polyamide and polyurethane components is preferably 40/60 ⁇ 80/20, more preferably 45/55 ⁇ 70/30, by volume.
  • the invention can provide composite filament yarns having preferably not more than 500 fisheyes/kg after drawing.
  • said polyamide component has a relative viscosity of 2.0 ⁇ 2.6 determined with 10 mg/ml solution in 95.7% sulfuric acid and said polyurethane component has a melt viscosity at 210°C of 2,000 ⁇ 5,000 Pa ⁇ s (20,000 ⁇ 50,000 poise).
  • the injection pipe contemplated in the spinneret is preferred to have an inside diameter of 30 ⁇ 80% of that of the conduit.
  • the slit contemplated in the spinneret is preferred to have, in its projected figure on a horizontal plane, a length of 2 ⁇ 20% of the inside diameter of said conduit and a width of 0.2 ⁇ 10% of the circumference of said conduit.
  • the conduit preferably expands divergently from the constricted portion towards the orifice.
  • the constricted portion has a bore diameter in the range of 0.20 ⁇ 0.45 mm, preferably 0.25 ⁇ 0.40 mm, and the orifice has an opening diameter in the range 0.5 ⁇ 0.7 mm.
  • a molten polyamide component is supplied from a polyamide leading duct 1 into a vertical conduit 2 and then extruded from a spinneret orifice 3.
  • a molten polyurethane component is supplied from a polyurethane leading duct 4 and injected through an injection pipe 5 into the conduit 2.
  • This injection pipe 5 extending obliquely from the duct 4, penetrates and protrudes into the conduit 2 and opens immediately before the orifice 3.
  • the inside diameter of the injection pipe 5 is determined in the range between 30% and 80% of the inside diameter of the conduit, depending upon the conjugate ratio of the both components.
  • the length of the protrusion and the slanting angle of the injection pipe 5 may be adequately selected so that, in the projected figure on a horizontal plane of the pipe, the inner circumference at the tip end opening of the pipe may reach a distance of about 1/2 ⁇ 3/4 of the diameter of the conduit 2 and the projected length ⁇ of the generating line at the under side of the inner periphery of the pipe may be about 2 ⁇ 20% of the diameter of the conduit 2.
  • the injection pipe 5 is provided at its under side with a slit 6 extending along the entire length ⁇ of the portion protruded into the conduit.
  • the under side is meant a portion along the lower generating line in a vertical plane including the longitudinal axis of the pipe. If the position of the slit deviates from the under side, disposition of a neck portion as will be illustrated hereinafter that is formed by the slit also deviates from the thinnest portion of the polyamide sheath, so that the crimpability of the resulting composite filament yarns will be undesirably deteriorated.
  • the slit 6 is preferred to have a width of about 0.2 ⁇ 10% of the circumference of the conduit 2. If the width is less than 0.2%, the objective cross-sectional conjugate shape cannot be obtained and a core and complete sheath type may be formed. Alternatively, the width should not exceed 10.0%, because when it exceeds 10.0%, the polyurethane component is exposed so excessively on the surface of the filament that drawbacks of side-by-side type composite filament yarns, such as poor abrasion resistance and intense stickiness of wound undrawn yarns, will appear.
  • the polyurethane component flow is incorporated, with appropriate conjugate ratio and eccentricity, to the polyamide component flow flowing down in the conduit 2, while a part of the polyurethane component flow which is radially projected in a restricted width and penetrates through the thinnest portion of said polyamide flow up to the inner wall of the conduit flows down from the above-described slit 6 along the inner wall of the conduit 2.
  • the projected part of the polyurethane core component is interposed between two split thin portions of the polyamide sheath component.
  • the thus conjugated polymer flow is spun from the orifice 3 to form a composite filament.
  • the injection pipe is positioned to open its protruded portion into a level immediately above the orifice, the relative arrangement of the both components is preserved in the spun filament, substantially without being disturbed.
  • the spinneret to be employed in the present invention is preferred to have a constricted portion 7 in the conduit for the polyamide/polyurethane conjugated flow to pass through.
  • the constricted portion through which the polyamide/polyurethane conjugated flow passes is preferred to have a bore diameter in the range of 0.20 ⁇ 0.45 mm, preferably 0.25 ⁇ 0.40 mm
  • the conduit after the constricted portion to the orifice is preferred to expand like a trumpet 8 having an opening diameter in the range of 0.5 ⁇ 0.7 mm.
  • the conjugated molten polyamide/polyurethane components flowing through the constricted portion of 0.20 ⁇ 0.45 mm diameter are fluid oriented whereby fisheyes of the composite filament yarns can be largely reduced.
  • no more than 1,000 fisheyes, preferably no more than 500 fisheyes, per 1 kg of yarn, are counted in the composite filament yarn of the present invention produced with the spinneret having the constriction, while no less than about 2,000 fisheyes per 1 kg of yarn are counted in the conventional yarns.
  • the bore diameter of the constricted portion 7 exceeds 0.45 mm, the fisheye restraining effect becomes insufficient.
  • it is less than 0.20 mm a pressure loss at the constricted portion is too large to adapt the spinneret to the practical operation.
  • the divergent trumpet-like conduit formed after the constriction can mitigate, by virtue of a stress relaxing function, a kneeing phenomenon (bending of the extruded polymer immediately after spinning) and prevent filament breakages due to depositing of polymer decomposition products on the rim of the orifice.
  • a polyurethane core component B is disposed, with adequate conjugate ratio and eccentricity, in a polyamide sheath component A and the polyurethane core component is uniformly exposed on the surface of the filament by a polyurethane neck portion D penetrating the thinnest portion C of said polyamide sheath component A.
  • the exposed width of the neck portion D on the surface of the filament becomes substantially uniform in the range of between 2% and 25%, preferably between 3% and 15%, of the circumference of the filament. If the exposed width is smaller than the above range, the crimpability becomes insufficient, while if the exposed width is too large, it is not preferred because there is apt to appear an ill effect of stickiness as well as deterioration of abrasion resistance due to separation of the two components.
  • the shape and exposed width of the neck portion are made uniform and the variation thereof due to influence of temperature condition change or the like becomes extremely small, so that the variation of the exposed width is restrained in a standard deviation about a mean value of not more than 2.0%, in a preferred embodiment not more than 1.6%, within a lot of the same specification, not to mention in the same filament.
  • uniform polyamide/polyurethane composite filament undrawn yarns with reduced stickiness can be obtained and knit operability of these yarns is improved, whereby knitted goods of excellent qualities can be obtained with largely decreased knitting defects such as barré or the like.
  • the conjugate ratio of the polyamide component to the polyurethane component is preferably within the range of 40/60 ⁇ 80/20, more preferably 45/55 ⁇ 70/30, by volume. Satisfactory crimp properties are obtained in the above range.
  • Preferable polyamide applicable to the present invention are poly- ⁇ -capramide and copolymers thereof containing not more than 30 mole % of copolymerizable component.
  • other known polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, copolymers thereof, blend polymers thereof, or the like, can be applied.
  • Suitable polyurethanes applicable to the present invention are thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers having a hardness of 90 ⁇ 100, that is determined in accordance with JIS K-6301, the testing method of Shore hardness (A-type).
  • thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers having a hardness of 90 ⁇ 100, that is determined in accordance with JIS K-6301, the testing method of Shore hardness (A-type).
  • Polyurethanes having a hardness of less than 90 are difficult to balance the melt viscosity with polyamides (difficult to spin with stability), while polyurethanes having a hardness of exceeding 100 are apt to be low in elastic recovery.
  • Polyurethane elastomers given a crosslinkage structure in molecules by melt-blending a polyisocyanate compound prior to conjugate spinning, are also preferred for their excellent heat resistance, crimpability and compatibility with polyamides.
  • polyurethanes are polycarbonate based polyurethanes, most preferably polyurethanes comprising soft segments of polycarbonate/polyester blend (blend ratio of two components being 8/2 ⁇ 4/6).
  • the polyamide components to be applied to the process according to the present invention has a relative viscosity within the range of 2.0 ⁇ 2.6, determined with 10 mg/ml solution in 95.7% sulfuric acid, while the polyurethane components have a melt viscosity of 2,000-5,000 Pa ⁇ s (20,000 ⁇ 50,000 poise), determined with a flow-tester at 210°C. If the viscosity difference decreases beyond the above range, a satisfactory crimpability cannot be assured, while if the viscosity difference is too large, stabilized spinning operation may possibly be impeded due to the aforementioned kneeing phenomenon.
  • the spun filament yarn is taken up on a bobbin after solidification by quenching, and then the wound as-spun yarn is drawn at an appropriate draw ratio and further subjected to heat treatment, etc., followed by winding on a pirn, according to the conventional process.
  • the as-spun yarn is, without being taken-up on a roll, subjected to direct drawing or heat treatment.
  • the present invention includes both the above processes.
  • the polyamide/polyurethane composite filament drawn yarns according to the invention are preferred to have a shrinkage in boiling water of generally 5 ⁇ 30%, more preferably 7 ⁇ 25%. If it exceeds 30%, the yarns excessively shrink in the heat treatment process after knitting, so that short sized knitted goods are yielded, while if less than 5%, sufficient crimps do not develop in the heat treatment process after knitting and the articles such as stockings will be lack in stretchability.
  • the heat treatment is preferred to be conducted continuously at a relax ratio slightly larger than the shrinkage in boiling water determined with drawn yarns.
  • the relax ratio during a relax heat treatment is smaller than the shrinkage in boiling water of drawn yarns, the wound yarns develop feeble crimps, while in the case where the heat treatment is conducted at a relax ratio fairly larger than the shrinkage in boiling water, the heat-treated yarns develop ripple-like fine crimps like an elongated spring.
  • a relax heat treatment there may be a process of heating the yarns traveling through a tube heater with air as a heating medium, a process of hot plate heat treatment wherein the yarns travel on a plate heater, or the like.
  • Composite filament yarns according to the present invention are desirably composed of 1 ⁇ 10 constituent filaments of 3 ⁇ 30d and have a total fineness of 5 ⁇ 50d.
  • the total fineness is in the range of 5 ⁇ 30d and the number of the constituent filaments is in the range of 1 ⁇ 6. If the unitary filaments constituting the yarn have a fineness of less than 3d, the stockings show an insufficient durability when they are worn. While if more than 30d, the stockings will have stiff hand.
  • the stockings in the present invention include all of the overknee stockings, full length stockings and panty hoses.
  • the exposed width is largely varied by a slight change of conditions, as described hereinbefore, resulting in uneven crimp properties, posing a problem of low abrasion resistance and causing local stickiness due to exposed polyurethane components.
  • the composite filament yarns of the present invention since the neck portion has a width evenly stabilized in appropriate size, are prominently excellent in crimp properties, durability and processability. Further, defects of knitted goods, such as barré or the like, decrease largely, whereby knitted goods having excellent qualities can be obtained.
  • polyamide/polyurethane composite filament drawn yarns having excellent crimp properties and abrasion resistance as well as improved processability and good quality with largely decreased fisheyes.
  • the composite filaments of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with other kinds of fibers, such as polyamide fibers, cotton fibers, polyurethane core covering yarns or the like, according to conventional processes, such as doubling, ply-twisting, intermingling, mix-knitting, mix-weaving or the like.
  • the composite filament yarns of the invention are suitable for textile products, such as stockings, tights, ladies' lingerie and foundation garments or the like.
  • shrinkage percentage, stretch percentage and abrasion resistance which represent crimp property are determined according to the following methods:
  • Shrinkage percentage (%) (l 0 -l 1 )/l 0 ⁇ 100
  • the yarn after drawing and heat treatment in relax is circular knitted. After continuously repeating abrasion with a load of 1 kg, separation of two components on the surface of the knitted goods is microscopically observed and evaluated.
  • Grade 3 no separation observed after 3,000 cycle abrasion.
  • Grade 4 no separation observed after 5,000 cycle abrasion.
  • the quality of the knitted goods is evaluated by observing barré defects of the circular knit which is knitted at a rotation rate of 600 r.p.m. with a usual tubular knitting machine having 4 feeders (400 needles) and then heat-treated in relax in boiling water to develop crimps.
  • Nylon-6 having a relative viscosity of 2.35 and a polycarbonate based polyurethane having a melt viscosity at 210°C of 3200 Pa ⁇ s (32,000 poise) and a Shore A hardness of 95 were separately melted and then metered separately at a volume ratio of 50:50.
  • the molten two polymers were conjugate spun, at a take-up speed of 500 m/min., from a spinneret for conjugate spinning as shown in Fig. 1, to form an undrawn yarn of 55d/2f.
  • the spinneret for conjugate spinning used therefor had a conduit of 2 mm I.D. and a polyurethane injection pipe of 1 mm I.D. and 1.26 mm O.D.
  • the conduit and the polyurethane injection pipe made an angle of 35° and the distance between the lowest point of the inner circumference of the tip end opening of the pipe and the nearest inner wall of the conduit ( ⁇ in Fig. 1) was 0.16 mm. Further, the length of a slit at the under side of the injection pipe ( ⁇ in Fig. 1) was 0.4 mm and the width of the slit was varied into 6 sizes as follows: Width of the slit (mm):0.01, 0.02, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70.
  • all of the composite filament yarns Y2 ⁇ Y5 according to the present invention had a cross-sectional shape of unitary filament wherein a polyurethane core was almost lapped in a polyamide sheath, exposing on the surface of the filament with a neck portion having a uniform width of within 25% of the circumference of the filament. Additionally, the filament yarns of the invention showed good results in crimp properties, abrasion resistance and sticking of undrawn yarns.
  • the conjugate spinning spinneret provided with an injection pipe having a slit 0.01 mm wide, produced a core and complete sheath type composite filament yarn Y1.
  • the yarn Y1 was good in abrasion resistance and sticking of undrawn yarns, it showed poor crimp properties.
  • the composite filament yarn Y7 produced with the conventional side-by-side conjugate spinning spinneret had a polyurethane component exposed width mean value of 47% of the circumference of the filament with a standard deviation above the mean value of 2.0%.
  • This yarn Y7 had good crimp properties and, however, bad in sticking of undrawn yarn.
  • Circular knitted goods knitted therewith had an inferior quality due to many barré.
  • the comparative example yarn Y8 had a polyurethane exposed width mean value of 11% of the circumference of the filament with a standard deviation of more than 2.0%. This yarn Y8 was good in crimp properties, sticking property and abrasion resistance and, however, circular knitted goods knitted therewith had an inferior quality due to many barré.
  • Nylon-6 having a relative viscosity of 2.35 and a polyurethane comprising soft segments of a blend polymer of polycarbonate and poly-1,6-hexane adipate (blend ratio of 7/3) were conjugate melt-spun with a spinneret same as that used in spinning of the yarn Y3 in Example 1 except that the diameter of the orifice was 0.50 mm and a constricted portion was provided. Changing the diameter of the constricted portion, seven kinds of composite filament yarns Y9 ⁇ Y14 of the present invention were obtained.
  • Comparative example yarn Y15 was a conventional, eccentric kidney-like core and complete sheath type composite filament as shown in Fig. 5, wherein the conjugate ratio of polyamide to polyurethane was 1/1 in area.
  • a conventional side-by-side type composite filament yarn Y16 as shown in Fig. 4 was obtained in the same manner as the yarn Y12 of the present invention excepting the conjugate figure.
  • a polyamide/polyurethane composite filament yarn Y17 was obtained in the same manner except that a conjugate spinning spinneret without the constricted portion was used.
  • the as-spun yarns were drawn on the plate heater at a drawing speed of 400 m/min. and a draw ratio of 3.50.
  • the drawn yarns were heat-treated in relax with a relax heat treatment apparatus provided with a plate heater between 2 rolls and composite filament yarns of 20d/2f were obtained.
  • the appearance of the yarn packages of these resulting composite yarns showed slack, wavy crimps developed. The crimp figure did not change maintaining the slack, wavy crimps, when the yarns were unwound from the yarn package.
  • the fisheyes of the composite filament drawn yarns decrease and the pressure loss increases, according as decrease of the diameter of the constricted portion of the conjugate spinning spinneret orifice.
  • the diameter of the constricted portion should be 0.20 ⁇ 0.45 mm, preferably 0.25 ⁇ 0.35 mm.
  • composite filament yarns of the present invention is superior to the side-by-side type composite filament yarns, in respect of abrasion resistance and prevention of sticking of undrawn yarns.
  • the material yarn Y12 for stockings obtained in Example 2 was knit into leg and foot portions with a 4 feeder hosiery knitting machine at a rotation rate of 900 r.p.m. The knitting operation was conducted without difficulties and the resulting stockings had a good quality. In contrast, the material yarns Y17 having many fisheyes could not knit with stability at the rotation rate of 900 r.p.m. due to formation of barré caused by skip stitch, yarn breakage or fluctuation of knitting tension.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Claims (19)

  1. Verstrecktes Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial, das eine Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente (A) und eine Polyurethan-Kernkomponente (B), die im Querschnitt eines unitären Fadens exzentrisch in der Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente angeordnet ist, umfaßt, wobei die Polyurethan-Kernkomponente im wesentlichen in gleichmäßiger Breite an der Oberfläche des Fadens über einen Polyurethan-Halsteil (D), der sich von dieser Kernkomponente aus in radialer Richtung erstreckt und den dünnsten Teil (C) der Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente bis zur Oberfläche des Fadens durchdringt, frei liegt; wobei die freiliegende Breite eine Standardabweichung des Mittelwertes aufweist, die 2,0 % nicht überschreitet; das verstreckte Garn nicht mehr als 1000 Fischaugen/kg Garn hat und die Polyurethan-Kernkomponente in einer Breite von zwischen 2 % und 25 % des Umfangs des Fadens frei liegt.
  2. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Polyurethan-Kernkomponente in einer Breite von zwischen 3 % und 15 % des Umfangs des Fadens frei liegt.
  3. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, in dem die frei liegende Breite eine Standardabweichung eines Mittelwertes hat, die 1,6 nicht überschreitet.
  4. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Polyamid-Komponente und die Polyurethan-Komponente in einem Verhältnis zwischen 40/60 und 80/20, bezogen auf das Volumen, enthalten sind.
  5. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Polyamid-Komponente und die Polyurethan-Komponente in einem Verhältnis zwischen 45/55 und 70/30, bezogen auf das Volumen, enthalten sind.
  6. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente eine Querschnittsform hat, welche einen dünnen Teil mit einer Dicke von nicht mehr als 1/20 des Durchmessers des Fadens umfaßt, sich über eine Breite von nicht mehr als 1/5 des Durchmessers des Fadens aus Verbundmaterial erstreckt und plötzlich unter Verminderung der Dicke endet.
  7. Verstrecktes Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, das nicht mehr als 500 Fischaugen/kg Garn enthält.
  8. Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, das in kochendem Wasser eine prozentuale Schrumpfung von 5 % bis 30 % aufweist.
  9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Endlosgarns aus Verbundmaterial durch gleichzeitiges Extrudieren geschmolzener Polyamid- und Polyurethan-Komponenten durch eine vertikale Leitung aus einer Spinndüsen-Austrittsöffnung, das ein Einführen eines Stroms geschmolzener Polyurethan-Komponente schräg von oben in einen Strom geschmolzener Polyamid-Komponente, der in der Leitung nach unten fließt, um dadurch den Strom der Polyurethan-Komponente exzentrisch in den Strom der Polyamid-Komponente einzubauen, während ein kleiner Teil des Stroms der Polyurethan-Komponente, die radial in beschränkter Breite ausgebreitet ist, den dünnsten Teil des Stroms der Polyamid-Komponente durchdringt und entlang der Innenwand der Leitung unter Bildung eines Polyurethan-Halsteils, unmittelbar bevor sie aus der Spinndüsen-Austrittsöffnung extrudiert wird, nach unten läuft; und ferner vor einem Extrudieren den Schritt eines Durchführens der vereinigten Polymerkomponenten sukzessive durch eine Querschnittsverengung und eine Erweiterung der Leitung umfaßt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, in dem die Polyamid-Komponente eine relative Viskosität hat, die zwischen 2,0 und 2,6 liegt und mit einer 10 mg/ml-Lösung in 95,7%iger Schwefelsäure bestimmt wird, und die Polyurethan-Kompoente eine Schmelzviskosität hat, die zwischen 2.000 und 5.000 Pa·s (20.000 und 50.000 Poise) liegt.
  11. Spinndüse zur Herstellung eines Endlosgarns aus Verbundmaterial, das eine Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente und eine Polyurethan-Kernkomponente, die im Querschnitt eines unitären Fadens exzentrisch in der Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente angeordnet ist, umfaßt, wobei die Polyurethan-Kernkomponente im wesentlichen in gleichmäßiger Breite an der Oberfläche des Fadens über einen Polyurethan-Halsteil, der sich von der Polyurethan-Kernkomponente aus in radialer Richtung erstreckt und den dünnsten Teil der Polyamid-Umhüllungskomponente zur Oberfläche des Fadens durchdringt, frei liegt; wobei diese Spinndüse eine Zuleitung (1) für die Polyamidkomponente, die über eine vertikale Leitung (2) mit einer Auslaßöffnung (3) verbunden ist; eine andere Zuleitung (4) für die Polyurethan-Komponente, die mit einem Injektionsrohr (5) verbunden ist, welches schräg aus ihr herauskommt und in die Leitung (2) eindringt und in sie hineinragt, welches unmittelbar oberhalb der Auslaßöffnung (3) eine Öffnung hat, und welches einen Schlitz (6), der sich entlang der ganzen hineinragenden Länge an der Unterseite in Längsrichtung erstreckt, aufweist, umfaßt.
  12. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 11, in der das Injektionsrohr einen Innendurchmesser von zwischen 30 % und 80 % des Innendurchmessers der Leitung hat.
  13. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 11, in der der Schlitz des Injektionsrohres in einer in eine horizontale Ebene projizierten Figur eine Länge, die zwischen 2 % und 20 % des Innendurchmessers der Leitung ist, und eine Breite, die zwischen 0,2 % und 10 % des Umfangs der Leitung ist, hat.
  14. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 11, in der die Leitung einen im Querschnitt verengten Teil (7) zwischen einem Level der Öffnung des Injektionsrohres und der Auslaßöffnung hat.
  15. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 14, in der der im Querschnitt verengte Teil ein Verhältnis der Länge (L) zu dem Bohrungsdurchmesser (D) hat, das in dem durch die folgende Gleichung definierten Bereich liegt: L/D = 1,0 ∼ 3,0.
    Figure imgb0008
  16. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 14, in der die Leitung sich von dem im Querschnitt verengten Teil aus divergeierend zur Auslaßöffnung hin erweitert.
  17. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 16, in der der im Querschnitt verengte Teil einen Bohrungsdurchmesser hat, der im Bereich zwischen 0,2 mm und 0,45 mm liegt, und die Auslaßöffnung einen Öffnungsdurchmesser hat, der im Bereich zwischen 0,5 mm und 0,7 mm liegt.
  18. Spinndüse nach Anspruch 17, in der der im Querschnitt verengte Teil einen Bohrungsdurchmesser im Bereich zwischen 0,25 mm und 0,40 mm hat.
  19. Maschenware, die ein verstrecktes Endlosgarn aus Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1 enthält, wobei das verstreckte Garn in kochendem Wasser eine prozentuale Schrumpfung von 5 % bis 30 % aufwies.
EP90100443A 1989-01-12 1990-01-10 Garn aus zusammengesetzten Fäden, Verfahren und Spinndüse zur Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0378194B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5299/89 1989-01-12
JP529989 1989-01-12
JP89324089A JPH02277821A (ja) 1989-01-12 1989-12-15 ポリウレタン系複合繊維延伸糸及びその製造方法
JP324089/89 1989-12-15
JP1328213A JPH03193915A (ja) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 複合繊維及びその製造方法
JP328213/89 1989-12-20

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EP0378194A2 EP0378194A2 (de) 1990-07-18
EP0378194A3 EP0378194A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0378194B1 true EP0378194B1 (de) 1996-04-10

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DE102004004251A1 (de) * 2004-01-21 2005-08-18 Klaus Dr. Rennebeck Faseranordnung

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US5603888A (en) * 1995-07-13 1997-02-18 Dow Corning Corporation Method of making fibers
US5972502A (en) * 1998-03-04 1999-10-26 Optimer, Inc. Self-crimping fibers and methods for their preparation
CN109338486A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2019-02-15 常州纺兴精密机械有限公司 一种共轭复合纤维及其纺制组件
CN110016732A (zh) * 2019-03-15 2019-07-16 东华大学 一种三维卷曲低熔点聚酯纤维及其制备方法
CN115896965A (zh) * 2022-11-16 2023-04-04 中纺院（浙江）技术研究院有限公司 一种偏心皮芯型锦氨复合全牵伸丝及其制备方法

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US3607611A (en) * 1967-12-21 1971-09-21 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Composite filament having crimpability and latent adhesivity
GB1316434A (en) * 1969-07-02 1973-05-09 Ici Ltd Conjugate filaments
GB1518500A (en) * 1975-10-24 1978-07-19 Courtaulds Ltd Bicomponent filaments
JPS63256719A (ja) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-24 Kanebo Ltd ポリウレタン系複合繊維

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004004251A1 (de) * 2004-01-21 2005-08-18 Klaus Dr. Rennebeck Faseranordnung

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DE69026393T2 (de) 1996-09-19
DE69026393D1 (de) 1996-05-15
DE378194T1 (de) 1991-06-13
EP0378194A3 (en) 1990-10-31

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