EP0376836B1 - Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Gemisches in eine Brennkammer eines Zweitaktmotors - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Gemisches in eine Brennkammer eines Zweitaktmotors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376836B1
EP0376836B1 EP89403648A EP89403648A EP0376836B1 EP 0376836 B1 EP0376836 B1 EP 0376836B1 EP 89403648 A EP89403648 A EP 89403648A EP 89403648 A EP89403648 A EP 89403648A EP 0376836 B1 EP0376836 B1 EP 0376836B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
pressure
volume
valve
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89403648A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0376836A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Maissant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0376836A1 publication Critical patent/EP0376836A1/de
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Publication of EP0376836B1 publication Critical patent/EP0376836B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/28—Component parts, details or accessories of crankcase pumps, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B33/02 - F02B33/26
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/10—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel peculiar to scavenged two-stroke engines, e.g. injecting into crankcase-pump chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for introducing under pressure a fuel mixture into a chamber of a cylinder of a two-stroke internal combustion engine.
  • the invention provides an assistance member for controlling an automatic valve disposed between the end of a pipe for introducing the mixture and the cylinder chamber.
  • valves such as valves, cooperating with return means, actuated under the effect of pressure differences between each of their faces, to introduce a fuel mixture into the chamber of a cylinder.
  • valves due in particular to the inertial forces compared to the forces due to pressure differences, and the possible panics of the return means when their operating frequency is close to their resonant frequency, these valves cannot be used when the pressure differences are too small and their actuation speed is too high.
  • the present invention provides a device having in particular the advantages of prior devices with automatic valves, such as thermal resistance, rapid opening and wide passage, and usable in particular when the pressure difference between the cylinder chamber and the pipe for introducing the fuel mixture, is weak.
  • This device also offers the advantage of being able to be sensitive to pressure variations of an element of the engine, this element being judiciously chosen to allow optimal operation of the device.
  • this device is characterized in that it comprises an assistance member comprising a separating element coping with one end of a valve stem, said member separating a first and a second volume within each of which reigns a pressure, the first volume being connected to the introduction pipe so that the pressure in the first volume is substantially equal to the pressure in the pipe, the element having a movement producing a displacement of the valve under the action of the difference between the pressure of the first volume and the pressure of the second volume.
  • tulip is meant the part of the valve having a flared shape, as opposed to the tail which is the part of the valve having a tapered shape.
  • This membrane actually acts as a separating element for two volumes. It is therefore not going beyond the scope of the present invention to replace this membrane with an auxiliary piston which slides in a bore, one face of this auxiliary piston participating in the delimitation of the first volume, the other face that of the second volume.
  • the second volume may be connected to a pump housing of the first cylinder so that the pressure in the second volume is substantially equal to the pressure in the pump housing of the first cylinder.
  • the engine may comprise at least a second cylinder having a pump housing, the pipe for introduction into the chamber of the first cylinder may be connected to the pump housing of the second cylinder, and the second cylinder may have a non-zero angular offset which is delayed. compared to the first cylinder.
  • the second volume may be connected to an element of the engine whose pressure relative to the pressure of the first volume is such that it contributes favorably to the movements of the valve.
  • the engine may include at least a third cylinder having a crankcase and whose cycle is ahead of the cycle of the first cylinder, and the crankcase of the third cylinder may be connected to said second volume.
  • the valve can be returned to its closed position by the membrane itself, the elasticity of which can bring the valve back to its closed position.
  • the membrane can be reinforced to increase its rigidity.
  • the separating element may have a useful cross section greater than the cross section of the valve.
  • the introduction pipe may include a fuel introduction member.
  • the pipeline may open in the vicinity of the cylinder head of the first cylinder.
  • the engine may comprise several cylinders each having a pump casing supplied with air by an air intake pipe, this intake pipe comprising an element adapted to reduce the air intake, and the part of the pipe d air common to several cylinders and located downstream of the element adapted to reduce the air intake may be connected to the second chamber of the assistance member.
  • FIG. 1 represents, in solid lines, the cylinder considered 1 with its piston 2 at the end of scanning, its exhaust 3, its exhaust light 4 which is about to be closed, its lateral transfer lights 5 and rear 6, its casing 7 with an air intake only, for example by valves 8, its spark plug 9, the rod-crank system 10.
  • the second cylinder 11 having a piston 12 whose movement is angularly delayed by 120 ° by means of the rod-crank system 13, relative to the piston 2 of the cylinder considered 1.
  • the piston 12 is in the phase of expansion in the second cylinder 11 and at the same time in the compression phase in the pump housing 14.
  • the pump housing 14 the movement of the piston 12 of which is angularly delayed by 120 °, supplies air to the chamber 16 of the cylinder in question 1 via the introduction pipe 15.
  • the rear transfer 6 of the cylinder 1 is connected to the pump housing and to cylinder 1 via conduit 17.
  • This device can be a low-pressure injector that is commercially available, a fuel pump actuated by the successive pressures and depressions of a pump housing.
  • the introduction of the liquid fuel can take place in the conduit 15, both during the whole time when the valve 19 is closed and during the time when it is open.
  • This fuel metering and introduction device 20 can be associated with a venturi nozzle 21 placed in the duct 15, just upstream from the valve 19 and the orifice 18, in accordance with patent EP-189,714, in order to improve the spraying of fuel with air from the pressure source (pump housing 14).
  • the device 20 could be replaced by a carburetor, the venturi nozzle 21 being integrated into this carburetor.
  • a deflector 22 mounted on a device for orienting the jet of mixture introduced into the cylinder.
  • This device forming part of the cylinder head or being attached to the cylinder head, is, for example, of the type described in patent EP-189,715.
  • the end of the valve stem 19 is connected to the center of a flexible membrane 22 separating a first volume 23 from a second volume 24 whose difference in respective pressures can produce movements of the membrane and thus displacements of the valve 19 to which it is connected.
  • the valve cooperates with a spring 25 to carry out the automatic return of the valve 19 to a position in which the pipe 15 for introducing the fuel mixture is closed.
  • the first volume 23 is connected to the line 15 of so that a pressure in the pump housing 14 acts both on the face of the diaphragm 22 directed towards the first volume, by producing a force tending to open the valve 19, and on the upper face of the valve tulip 19, the upper face of the tulip of the valve 19 being opposite to the lower face of the tulip of the valve, this lower face being directed towards the interior of the chamber 16.
  • the second volume 24 can have its constant pressure, for example equal to atmospheric pressure thanks, for example, to the connection of this second volume to the atmosphere, or can have its variable pressure so as to favor the opening, or the maintenance in the open position, or the closure, or even the maintenance in the closed position of the valve 19, according to the different phases of movement of the valve.
  • This variable pressure which can be established in this second volume 24 can be provided by the pump housing 7 of the cylinder considered 1, or by the pump housing of a cylinder whose cycle is angularly offset in advance by 90 ° or 120 ° with respect to the cylinder cycle considered 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows variations in the pressure in different volumes of the engine, as a function of the crank angle of the cylinder 1 considered.
  • the curve in full line referenced P1 indicates the variation of the pressure in the chamber of the cylinder 1 considered
  • the curve in dotted line referenced P3 indicates the variation of the pressure in the pump casing 7 of the cylinder considered
  • the curve in phantom referenced P2 indicates the variation of the pressure in the pump casing 14 of the cylinder 11 whose cycle has a delay of 120 ° by compared to the cycle of cylinder 1.
  • FIG. 2 clearly shows that between approximately 155 ° and 275 ° of the crank angle of the cylinder 1, the pressure P2 of the pump housing 14 is greater than the pressure P1 of the chamber of the cylinder 1 and that a flow of carburetted air occurs in the injection pipe 15, as soon as the valve 19 is open.
  • Figure 2 further shows that from about 180 ° to at least 275 ° crank angle, the pressure P3 in the pump housing 7 of the cylinder 1 considered is lower than the pressure P2 in the pipeline for introducing carburetted air, and that this vacuum can be used to open the valve if it is connected to chamber 24.
  • the return means may comprise the membrane 22 and the second volume 24, when the pressure in this volume is greater than the pressure in the first volume 23 and produces the return of the valve towards a closed position.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Einführen eines Brennstoffgemischs unter Druck in eine Kammer (16) eines ersten Zylinders (1) von einem Zweitaktmotor, umfassend ein Ventil (19), welches mit einem Sitz zusammenwirkt, um eine Einführungsleitung (15) des Brennstoffgemischs in die Kammer (16) des ersten Zylinders zu verschließen, und Mitteln zum Zurückverbringen (25) des Ventils (25), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein Hilfsorgan umfaßt, das ein Trennungselement aufweist, welches mit einem Ende eines Ventilschaftes (19) zusammenwirkt, wobei das Organ (22) ein erstes (23) und ein zweites (24) Volumen trennt, innerhalb jedes derer ein Druck herrscht, wobei das erste Volumen (23) mit der Einführungsleitung (15) derart verbunden ist, daß der Druck in dem ersten Volumen (23) im wesentlichen gleich ist zu dem Druck in der Leitung (15), und wobei das Element (22) eine Bewegung ausführt, die eine Verschiebung des Ventils (19) entsprechend der Differenz zwischen dem Druck des ersten Volumens und dem Druck des zweiten Volumens erzeugt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Volumen (24) mit einer Gehäuse-Pumpe (7) des ersten Zylinders (1) derart verbunden ist, daß der Druck in dem zweiten Volumen (24) im wesentlichen gleich ist zu dem Druck in der Gehäuse-Pumpe (7) des ersten Zylinders.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motor wenigstens einen zweiten Zylinder (11) umfaßt, der eine Gehäuse-Pumpe (14) aufweist, daß die Einführungsleitung (15) in die Kammer des ersten Zylinders mit der Gehäuse-Pumpe (14) des zweiten Zylinders verbunden ist, und daß der zweite Zylinder (11) eine Winkelverschiebung ungleich Null, verzögert in Bezug auf den ersten Zylinder (1) besitzt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Volumen (24) mit einem Element des Motors verbunden ist, in dem der Druck relativ zu dem Druck des ersten Volumens (23) derart ist, daß er zu den Verschiebungen des Ventils (19) beiträgt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motor wenigstens einen dritten Zylinder umfaßt, der einen Gehäuse-Motor aufweist und bei dem der Takt in Bezug auf den Takt des ersten Zylinders (1) vorverschoben ist, und daß der Gehäuse-Motor des dritten Zylinders mit dem zweiten Volumen (24) verbunden ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennungselement eine Membran ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennungselement (22) einen Nutzquerschnitt größer als der Querschnitt des Ventils (19) aufweist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einführungsleitung (15) ein Organ (29) zur Einführung von Brennstoffgemisch umfaßt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung (15) in Nähe eines Zylinderkopfes des ersten Zylinders (1) einmündet.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motor mehrere Zylinder umfaßt, die jeder eine Gehäuse-Pumpe aufweist, welchen Luft durch eine Lufteinlaßleitung zugeführt ist, wobei die Einlaßleitung ein Element umfaßt, das geeignet ist, den Einlaß von Luft zu reduzieren, und daß der Teil der Luftleitung, die mehreren Zylindern gemeinsam und stromabwärts von dem Element, das geeignet ist, den Einlaß von Luft zu reduzieren, gelegen ist, mit der zweiten Kammer des Hilfsorgans verbunden ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 und 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennungselement ein Kolben ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Zurückverbringen die Membran umfassen.
EP89403648A 1988-12-30 1989-12-22 Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Gemisches in eine Brennkammer eines Zweitaktmotors Expired - Lifetime EP0376836B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817601A FR2641336B1 (fr) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Dispositif et methode pour introduire un melange carbure dans une chambre d'un moteur a deux temps
FR8817601 1988-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0376836A1 EP0376836A1 (de) 1990-07-04
EP0376836B1 true EP0376836B1 (de) 1993-12-01

Family

ID=9373724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403648A Expired - Lifetime EP0376836B1 (de) 1988-12-30 1989-12-22 Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Gemisches in eine Brennkammer eines Zweitaktmotors

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5005537A (de)
EP (1) EP0376836B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2763360B2 (de)
DE (1) DE68911117T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2641336B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0435730B1 (de) * 1989-12-29 1994-01-26 Institut Francais Du Petrole Zweitaktmotor mit gesteuerter pneumatischer Einspritzung
US5448971A (en) * 1990-06-20 1995-09-12 Group Lotus Limited Internal combustion engine and an improved rotary inlet valve for use therewith
FR2676503B1 (fr) * 1991-05-17 1993-09-17 Chevenet Jean Charles Moteur thermique.
FR2693233B1 (fr) * 1992-07-02 1994-08-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de contrôle de l'injection pneumatique d'un mélange carbure dans un moteur à combustion interne à deux temps et utilisation associée.
DE4225369A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gaswechselverfahren an Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschinen
JPH07310554A (ja) * 1993-03-31 1995-11-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd クランクケース圧縮式２サイクルエンジン
US5347967A (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-09-20 Mcculloch Corporation Four-stroke internal combustion engine
FR2724415B1 (fr) * 1994-09-09 1996-12-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Moteur deux temps a dispositif d'injection ameliore et procede d'injection associe
FR2744764B1 (fr) * 1996-02-12 1998-04-17 Inst Francais Du Petrole Moteur deux temps ayant un moyen de controle du mouvement de la soupape
US5878703A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-03-09 Sweeney; Kevin Two stroke cycle engine
US6349691B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-02-26 Jeffrey F. Klein Automatic, pressure responsive air intake valve for internal combustion engine
US7270110B2 (en) * 2000-04-24 2007-09-18 Frank Keoppel Four stroke internal combustion engine with inlet air compression chamber
US6536384B1 (en) 2000-04-24 2003-03-25 Frank Keoppel Two-stroke internal combustion engine with isolated crankcase
US20040007192A1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2004-01-15 Frank Keoppel Four stroke internal combustion engine with isolated crankcase
JP2003021010A (ja) 2001-07-06 2003-01-24 Shin Daiwa Kogyo Co Ltd 小型エンジンにおけるエアクリーナー
JP2003056313A (ja) 2001-08-10 2003-02-26 Shin Daiwa Kogyo Co Ltd エンジン
WO2007009223A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Hans-Armin Ohlmann Two-stroke internal combustion engine with enhanced scavenging

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2763360B2 (ja) 1998-06-11
EP0376836A1 (de) 1990-07-04
US5005537A (en) 1991-04-09
JPH02223631A (ja) 1990-09-06
FR2641336B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
DE68911117D1 (de) 1994-01-13
FR2641336A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
DE68911117T2 (de) 1994-03-31

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