EP0349764B1 - Appareil de combustion à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Appareil de combustion à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349764B1
EP0349764B1 EP89109975A EP89109975A EP0349764B1 EP 0349764 B1 EP0349764 B1 EP 0349764B1 EP 89109975 A EP89109975 A EP 89109975A EP 89109975 A EP89109975 A EP 89109975A EP 0349764 B1 EP0349764 B1 EP 0349764B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
secondary air
fluidised bed
fluidized bed
free space
furnace according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89109975A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0349764A3 (fr
EP0349764A2 (fr
Inventor
Helmuth Huschauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Publication of EP0349764A2 publication Critical patent/EP0349764A2/fr
Publication of EP0349764A3 publication Critical patent/EP0349764A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0349764B1 publication Critical patent/EP0349764B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/02—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in air inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed furnace with a stationary fluidized bed according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an effective measure for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions is to carry out the combustion in the fluidized bed with a lack of oxygen and to burn out the carbon monoxide contained in the rising gas with a supply of secondary air over the fluidized bed.
  • a particular problem with stationary fluidized bed furnaces is that the flying dust still contains combustible carbon particles.
  • the rising gas is also loaded with volatile, hydrocarbon-like components. The flammable solid and gaseous substances can be burned out in the free space with a secondary air supply.
  • a prerequisite for a good burnout is a homogeneous mixing of the secondary air with the rising gas-solid mixture. This is not easy to achieve due to the high toughness of the hot gas.
  • a static mixing device is arranged in the free space.
  • the secondary air supply can, for example, be partly horizontal, some pipes are directed obliquely downwards and are arranged between the fluidized bed and the static mixing device.
  • the static mixing device itself is designed as a secondary air supply.
  • a calming space is provided above the fluidized bed, which merges into a post-combustion chamber via a constriction.
  • Horizontal secondary air nozzles are arranged in the wall in the area of the constriction.
  • the calming room serves to largely avoid entrainment of solid particles from the fluidized bed.
  • the constriction acts as a mixing section for the hot gas and the secondary air.
  • the invention has for its object to equalize the admixture of the secondary air in a fluidized bed combustion of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 with simple means and to create the possibility of increasing the temperature in the open space by additional heat.
  • the feature of claim 3 enables a targeted adaptation of the amount of secondary air to the operating conditions.
  • the feature of claim 5 has the effect that the heat supplied to the free space is concentrated in particular on the lower region which is important for the ignition. The mixing effect is further improved. Dust streak formation is also counteracted.
  • the fluidized bed combustion shown in Figure 1 has a combustion chamber with a rectangular plan, which is surrounded by side walls 1. Between its base 2 and an inflow base 3 there is an air box 4 with a connecting pipe 5 for the supply of combustion air.
  • the inflow floor 3 has numerous passages for primary air.
  • a side-mounted charging device 7 is used to supply the fuel, optionally with an additive, such as lime, for example.
  • An ash extractor 8 is arranged in a side wall 1 directly above the inflow floor 3.
  • the transition 12 between free space 10 and flue gas flue 11 has the shape of an inverted funnel.
  • the fluidized bed combustion shown in Figure 1 corresponds to the prior art.
  • the fluidized bed furnace can also be equipped, for example, with heat exchangers which are immersed in the fluidized bed.
  • the wall surfaces of the combustion chamber can be designed in whole or in part in a known manner as heat exchange surfaces.
  • the pipe sections 13 dip with part of their length - For example about half - in the fluidized bed 6, so that the lower tube ends are, for example, in the middle of the fluidized bed 6, in any case at a distance above the inflow floor 3.
  • the upper ends protrude into the free space 10.
  • a secondary air nozzle 14 directed vertically upward is set in the manner of an injector. This has the shape of a tube, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the inside diameter of the tube piece 13, so that there is an annular gap between the secondary air nozzle 14 and the associated tube piece 13.
  • the secondary air nozzles 14 are fastened to the inflow floor 3 and are connected directly to the air box 4 through coaxial bores in the inflow floor 3.
  • the secondary air nozzles 14 are equipped with actuators 15 which can be operated together from the outside. For example, they are designed as lifting and lowering valve cones.
  • the amount of primary air blown in, which penetrates through the passages of the inflow floor 3 into the fluidized bed 6, is so matched to the grain size of the bed material that only a small part of the Bed material with the rising gas is discharged from the fluidized bed 6.
  • the main mass of the bed material is brought into a liquid-like state and is only slightly expanded, so that there is a sudden difference in density between the fluidized bed 6 and the free space 10, recognizable as a pronounced surface of the fluidized bed 6.
  • the term "stationary fluidized bed” has become common.
  • the ash is mainly discharged through the ash extractor 8. This does not rule out that a small amount of fly ash is carried along by the gas stream and, if necessary, is recirculated into the fluidized bed 6 after separation.
  • a part of the supplied air is blown into the free space 10 as secondary air through the secondary air nozzles 14 and the pipe pieces 13. Since - due to the pressure drop in the fluidized bed - there is a considerable pressure difference between air box 4 and free space 10, the secondary air jets have a high speed.
  • the amount of secondary air can be metered using the actuators 15.
  • granular fluidized bed material is entrained by the annular gap 17 existing between the secondary air nozzle 14 and the pipe section 13 and is thrown into the free space 10 like a fountain.
  • the secondary air heats up on the way through the secondary air nozzle 14 and the pipe section 13 by touching the wall and by bed material carried along and causes an increase in temperature in the free space 10. Heat is also supplied to the free space by the fluidized bed material carried along.
  • the heat transfer between the grains falling back into the fluidized bed and the rising gas flow is particularly intensive because of the high relative speed.
  • the particles flying up and down create a stirring effect in the free space 10, which promotes the homogeneous mixing of the secondary
  • the secondary air nozzles 14 are connected to a separate air supply. This is designed as a distributor pipe 18 which is equipped with an actuator 19.
  • Impact devices 20 are attached at a distance above the upper ends of the tube pieces 13. These are connected to the tube pieces 13 by simple fastening means (not shown), for example similar to the holding plates 16 which can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. Otherwise, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 corresponds to the previously described exemplary embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Foyer à couche fluidisée stationnaire,
       avec un fond d'arrivée d'écoulement, présentant de nombreux passages pour de l'air primaire,
       avec un caisson à air disposé au-dessous du fond d'arrivée d'écoulement,
       avec un espace libre disposé au-dessus du lit fluidisé
       et avec des dispositifs pour amener de l'air secondaire dans l'espace libre,
       caractérisé en ce que plusieurs tronçons tubulaires (13), ouverts vers le haut et le bas, disposés verticalement, distribués sur la surface du lit fluidisé (6), plongent par leurs extrémités inférieures dans le lit fluidisé (6) et pénètrent par leurs extrémités supérieures dans l'espace libre (10) et en ce que dans chaque tronçon tubulaire (13) est introduite, à la façon d'un injecteur, une buse d'air secondaire (14) orientée vers le haut.
  2. Foyer à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les buses d'air secondaire (14) sont directement reliées au caisson d'air (4) au moyen de perçages ménagés dans le fond d'arrivée d'écoulement (3).
  3. Foyer à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les buses d'air secondaire (14) sont équipées d'organes de réglage (15).
  4. Foyer à couche fluidisée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les buses d'air secondaire (14) sont raccordées à une amenée d'air séparée (18).
  5. Foyer à couche fluidisée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des dispositifs à rebond (20) sont montés au-dessus des extrémités supérieures des tronçons tubulaires (13).
EP89109975A 1988-07-07 1989-06-02 Appareil de combustion à lit fluidisé Expired - Lifetime EP0349764B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3822999A DE3822999C1 (fr) 1988-07-07 1988-07-07
DE3822999 1988-07-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0349764A2 EP0349764A2 (fr) 1990-01-10
EP0349764A3 EP0349764A3 (fr) 1991-01-30
EP0349764B1 true EP0349764B1 (fr) 1993-05-12

Family

ID=6358153

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89109975A Expired - Lifetime EP0349764B1 (fr) 1988-07-07 1989-06-02 Appareil de combustion à lit fluidisé

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0349764B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3822999C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001044719A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-21 Livite Oy Procede brulage de materiau dans une chaudiere a lit fluidise et chaudiere a lit fluidise
DE10260731B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-04-14 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen
DE10260739B3 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-09-16 Outokumpu Oy Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Metalloxid aus Metallverbindungen
DE10260745A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-01 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von körnigen Feststoffen
DE10260734B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-05-04 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Schwelkoks
DE10260736A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-09-02 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen
DE10260741A1 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-07-08 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen
DE10260733B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2010-08-12 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen
DE10260738A1 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Förderung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen
DE10260737B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-06-30 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von titanhaltigen Feststoffen
CN100557308C (zh) * 2007-12-21 2009-11-04 哈尔滨工业大学 壁面-中心复合供给二次风的流化床燃烧装置
DE102008061743B4 (de) 2008-12-12 2014-12-04 Outotec Oyj Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hydraulisch wirkenden Produkts
CN104132335B (zh) * 2013-05-03 2016-04-20 国家电网公司 带有底部插入二次风管的循环流化床锅炉炉膛
CN105465775B (zh) * 2016-01-01 2018-08-17 广州环峰能源科技股份有限公司 一种生物质高低差燃烧室

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2884303A (en) * 1956-03-06 1959-04-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co High temperature burning of particulate carbonaceous solids
DE2243156B2 (de) * 1972-09-01 1974-10-24 Ceagfilter- Und Entstaubungstechnik Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einspeisen von pulverfönnigen Additivstoffen in Verbrennungsräume
US3900554A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-08-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for the reduction of the concentration of no in combustion effluents using ammonia
AU517419B2 (en) * 1977-11-09 1981-07-30 Energy Products Of Idaho Fluidised bed incinerator
US4159682A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-07-03 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Fluid bed combustion with predrying of moist feed using bed sand
GB1559953A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-01-30 Kitchiner A G Heat transfer apparatus
DE3003245A1 (de) * 1980-01-30 1981-11-12 Deutsche Babcock Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von stoffen mit schwer ausbrennenden bestandteilen
CH662405A5 (de) * 1984-04-11 1987-09-30 Sulzer Ag Wirbelbettfeuerung.
JPH07101088B2 (ja) * 1986-01-22 1995-11-01 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 流動床炉の無触媒脱硝法
US4745884A (en) * 1987-05-28 1988-05-24 Riley Stoker Corporation Fluidized bed steam generating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0349764A3 (fr) 1991-01-30
EP0349764A2 (fr) 1990-01-10
DE3822999C1 (fr) 1990-01-04
DE58904316D1 (de) 1993-06-17

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