EP0345114A1 - Werkzeug für eine Abbaumaschine mit einem abrasiven, diamantenen Teil - Google Patents

Werkzeug für eine Abbaumaschine mit einem abrasiven, diamantenen Teil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345114A1
EP0345114A1 EP89401393A EP89401393A EP0345114A1 EP 0345114 A1 EP0345114 A1 EP 0345114A1 EP 89401393 A EP89401393 A EP 89401393A EP 89401393 A EP89401393 A EP 89401393A EP 0345114 A1 EP0345114 A1 EP 0345114A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
tool according
layer
workpiece
carbide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89401393A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Sionnet
Paul Renard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire Ste
Original Assignee
Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire Ste filed Critical Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire Ste
Publication of EP0345114A1 publication Critical patent/EP0345114A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
    • E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
    • E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
    • E21C35/1833—Multiple inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
    • E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
    • E21C35/1837—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material characterised by the shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool for a mining machine comprising a diamond abrasive piece.
  • the tools used for felling rocks in the context of mining generally consist of a treated steel body, the rear part of which constitutes a handle allowing the tool to be mounted in a support for the felling machine and the front part of which carries a point made of hard material such as tungsten carbide.
  • the whole tool is symmetrical in revolution and the handle is mounted in the tool holder so that the tool can rotate around its axis during the work of felling the rock.
  • a material more resistant to abrasion than tungsten carbide to constitute the tip of the tool.
  • a tool comprising an active part made of an abrasion-resistant material, such as polycrystalline diamond.
  • a housing is provided at the end of the tungsten carbide working part of the tool and a composite abrasive part is fixed having an active end part made of polycrystalline diamond inside the housing.
  • the front part of the tool constitutes a work surface of generally frustoconical shape having a part-carrying part at its end with respect to which the active part in polycrystalline diamond of the abrasive composite part is projecting.
  • the presence of the housing in the frustoconical part-holder part has the corollary of the existence of an annular zone of small thickness made of tungsten carbide around the abrasive part.
  • tungsten carbide has poor bending and shear strength, cracks occur in the work piece when the tool is working, constituting a weakened area.
  • the composite abrasive piece can then be ejected from its housing after a relatively short duration of use of the tool, which limits the overall lifetime of the tool and leads to an increase in the operating costs of the slaughter machine. .
  • an angle is provided at the top of the frustoconical working part of the tool and in particular of the workpiece-holding part which is adapted to the specific working conditions of the rock.
  • annular zone surrounding the composite abrasive piece has a thickness that is greater the greater the angle of the truncated cone of the workpiece portion. A increasing this angle substantially beyond the angle corresponding to the wear profile of the working part of the tool however leads to accelerated wear of this working zone and of the workpiece part.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a tool for a mining machine consisting of a body carrying a composite abrasive part projecting at its anterior working end, the body comprising at the rear a handle allowing its mounting in a tool support for the felling machine and, at the front, a work surface of generally frustoconical shape having a workpiece part whose angle at the top ⁇ depends on the nature of the rock of which l felling and the composite abrasive piece fixed in a housing disposed inside the workpiece-carrying part of the working surface of the body consisting of a metal carbide pin secured at its projecting end relative to the body of a part active in polycrystalline diamond, this tool making it possible to avoid in service, to a large extent, cracking of the body in the vicinity of the abrasive composite part, excessive wear of the surface of tr had significant body and friction.
  • the body of the tool consists of a single piece of steel, the housing of the composite abrasive piece being provided in this steel piece, - the work surface of the body has, at least in its workpiece part, an apex angle ⁇ ′ less than at least 20% than the apex angle of the corresponding part of a metal carbide tool for the felling of the same rock, - And the surface of the workpiece holder is covered, at least partially and immediately in the vicinity of the composite abrasive piece at least, by a wear layer of a material whose hardness is greater than that of the steel constituting the body.
  • FIG. 1 a tool for cutting coal has been represented, comprising a body 1 of steel and a diamond abrasive piece 2.
  • the body 1 comprises a rear part 1a of generally cylindrical shape constituting the handle of the tool and a front part 1b of profiled form constituting the working part of the tool.
  • the tool 1 is intended for a coal mining machine and the handle 1a has a shape allowing it to fit in a tool holder of the mining machine, so that the fully symmetrical tool of revolution relative to an axis ZZ ′ is rotatably mounted on the tool support around this axis.
  • the body 1 of the tool is produced in the form of a single piece of steel having good mechanical characteristics and in particular good resilience and great resistance to bending, shearing and fatigue.
  • This part can be constituted for example by a steel of the 35CD4, 42CD4 or 35NCD16 type heat treated so as to obtain a tensile strength at least equal to 90 hbar.
  • the housing 3 of the composite abrasive part 2, of cylindrical shape and axis ZZ ′, is machined at the end of the part 1b of the body 1, inside a zone 4 delimited by a frustoconical surface which will be hereinafter called the workpiece holder part of the tool.
  • the frustoconical surface 5a surrounding the workpiece-carrying part 4 constitutes the anterior zone of the working surface 5 of the tool coming into contact with the rock whose felling is carried out.
  • the composite abrasive piece 2 is constituted, in a known manner, by a cylindrical pin 2a of tungsten carbide secured, at its projecting end relative to the housing 3 of the workpiece carrier 4, by a active tie 2b of hemispherical shape in polycrystalline diamond.
  • the forming of the composite abrasive part and the fixing of the diamond active part on the tungsten carbide pin are carried out at high temperature and under very high pressure, a metal such as cobalt being used as binder.
  • the body 1 of the tool consists of a single piece of steel in which the housing 3 of the abrasive composite part 2 is machined.
  • the annular zone of the workpiece carrier 4 of small thickness lying between the frustoconical surface 5a and the cylindrical housing 3 is thus constituted by treated steel, with high mechanical strength, much less fragile than tungsten carbide. This prevents cracking of this part of the workpiece when the tool is in service.
  • the favorable mechanical properties of the tool body allow it to transmit the forces of the felling machine adequately.
  • the composite abrasive piece 2 is fixed by brazing or tight fitting inside the housing 3, the brazed surface corresponding substantially to the entire surface of the housing 3.
  • This technique of brazing a piece of tungsten carbide in a body in steel is used, in the case of tools according to the prior art, to fix the tungsten carbide tip in the body of the tool.
  • the edges at the bottom of the hole will have a rounded part 6 and the bottom 7 may have a slightly conical or hemispherical shape.
  • FIG 1 there is shown in dotted lines the contour 8 of the outer surface of the front working part 1b of a tool according to the prior art intended for a coal mining machine and comprising a steel body on which is reported a tungsten carbide tip.
  • the housing of the diamond abrasive part is machined at the end of the tungsten carbide insert, inside the frustoconical surface 8a delimiting the workpiece holder and constituting, with the substantially cylindrical surface 8b, the working surface of the tool.
  • the angle at the top of the frustoconical surface 8a delimiting the workpiece holder is of the order of 55 °.
  • the angle at the top of the surface 5a delimiting the part-holder part of the body of the steel tool according to the invention is 40 °, which represents a decrease of a little less than 30%.
  • the profile of the working surface of the tool according to the invention represented in solid lines in FIG. 1 is substantially more tapered than the profile of the working surface of the tool according to the prior art represented in dotted.
  • the average diameter of the generally cylindrical part 5b disposed in the extension of the frustoconical part 5a of the working surface is 25% less than the corresponding diameter of the cylindrical part 8b of the working surface of the tool. according to the prior art.
  • the parts 5a and 5b of the working surface are connected by a rounded part 5c of substantially toroidal shape.
  • the profile of the tool according to the invention shown in solid lines corresponds substantially to the wear profile of a tool of a coal mining machine, that is to say the equilibrium profile for which the the friction and wear of the tool are the lowest.
  • This profile can be used without revealing a fragile annular zone liable to crack, at the workpiece carrier. This result is obtained thanks to the excellent mechanical properties of the treated steel constituting the body of the tool, by comparison with the corresponding properties of an insert made of tungsten carbide.
  • the surface 5a, the surface 5c and the front part of the surface 5b were covered with a layer of tungsten carbide 10 whose thickness is between 0.7 mm (zone located near the abrasive composite part 2) and 2 mm (anterior area of the surface 5b).
  • This layer can be obtained by torch reloading using tungsten carbide embedded in a metal binder such as nickel.
  • This layer can also be advantageously obtained, by infiltration of a binder consisting of a nickel-based liquid alloy, in the interstices of a layer of tungsten carbide particles molded on the surface to be coated.
  • a tool according to the invention comprising a monobloc body of steel, of a more tapered shape than a conventional tool and a protective layer of hard material on its work surface exhibited a service life. at least ten times greater than that of a tool according to the prior art. The use of a diamond abrasive piece is therefore entirely justified.
  • a tool for a mining machine for slaughtering potash comprising a one-piece body 11 of steel of the same type as the body 1 of the tool shown in Figure 1.
  • the body 11 comprises at l at the rear a handle 11a and at the front a working part 11b delimited by successive frustoconical surfaces in the axial direction.
  • the front end of the working part 11b of the tool constitutes the workpiece holder 14 delimited by a frustoconical surface 15a, itself connected to the surface of the base of the part 11b of the tool by a second frustoconical surface 15b and by a toric surface 15c.
  • the composite abrasive piece 12 comprising a cylindrical pin 12a of tungsten carbide and an active end portion 12b hemispherical of polycrystalline diamond is fixed as before by brazing, inside a housing 13 machined in the steel body of the tool in the workpiece holder part 14.
  • the outline 18 of the tungsten carbide end piece added in the steel body of a tool according to the prior art has also been shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • the angle at the top of the frustoconical end portion of the contour 18 is, in the case of potash, close to 80 °.
  • the angle at the top of the part 15a of the external surface of the workpiece holder 14 of the tool according to the invention, in the vicinity of the abrasive composite part 12 is 55 °, which represents a slightly reduced more than 30%.
  • the angle of the part 15b is of the order of 70 °, which is also smaller than the angle of the usual profile of a tool for slaughtering potash.
  • the tool according to the invention is more tapered, in its front end part, than the tool comprising an insert made of tungsten carbide according to the prior art.
  • the working surface 15 of the body 11 of the tool is covered in its end portion in the immediate vicinity of the abrasive composite piece 12 by a wear layer 20 of tungsten carbide whose thickness is between 2 and 2.5 mm and is reduced to 0.7 mm in the vicinity of the tip of the tool.
  • This wear layer covers the frustoconical surfaces 15a and 15b and the toric surface 15c.
  • This layer of protection against wear can be obtained as previously by torch deposition or by infiltration of binder in a layer of molded tungsten carbide powder.
  • FIGS. 3 and 3A a coal-cutting tool has been represented which is identical to the tool represented in FIG. 1, except for the creation of the wear layer on the working surface of the tool.
  • the wear layer of the working surface of the tool represented in FIGS. 3 and 3A is constituted by segments of tungsten carbide 16 brazed in shallow housings machined or stamped on the surface of the body of the tool and arranged one after the other along the circumference of the work surface in its zones 5a and 5c
  • the wear segments are generally helical in shape, the winding direction of the propeller corresponding to the opposite direction of rotation of the tool in service.
  • the abrasive point makes a groove in the rock that the front cone bursts. Consequently, the working surface must be effectively protected against wear, at least in the immediate vicinity of the abrasive part, in its conical part, with a slight overflow on the cylindrical part 5b, that is to say with overlap. of the toric zone 5c and possibly of the anterior end of the cylindrical part 5b. This avoids the risk of back-abrasion of part 1b of the tool body.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 a second and a third alternative embodiment of the wear layer of a tool for coal mining, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 3A.
  • the diamond composite abrasive part 2 is fixed directly in a housing 3 formed at the end of the working part 1b of the tool.
  • the variant shown in FIG. 4 is characterized by a wear layer 25 of diamond electro-deposited on the frustoconical surface 5a of the workpiece carrier 4 and by a layer of tungsten carbide 21 deposited with a blowtorch on the part 1b of the body in tool steel, on the toric surface 5c and on the end part of the surface 5b.
  • the layer 21 could also consist of tungsten carbide infiltrated by a metal.
  • the thickness of the electro-deposited diamond layer is 0.5 mm and the thickness of the layer 21 of tungsten carbide 2 mm.
  • a groove 22 is provided in the body of the tool at the rear end of the layer 25.
  • the shallow groove 22 makes it possible to limit the area covered by the electro-deposited diamond 20 and to prevent any separation of the layer by retro-abrasion.
  • the layer of electro-deposited diamond 25 can be replaced by a layer of silicon carbide also electro-deposited, of the same thickness or a diamond and silicon carbide mixture.
  • FIG. 5 a third variant embodiment of the tool is shown, the wear layer of the working surface 5 being in this case constituted by a continuous layer of electro-deposited diamond 24 ending inside of a shallow groove 23 with rounded edge.
  • the layer 24 of electro-deposited diamond whose thickness is 0.6 mm covers the frustoconical part 5a, the toric part 5c and the cylindrical front part 5b of the working surface 5 of the tool.
  • a protective layer consisting of electro-deposited silicon carbide with a total thickness of less than 1 mm or a mixture of diamond and silicon carbide.
  • the thickness of the wear layer protecting the working surface from the tool is selected in the following intervals: - between 1 and 3 mm, in the case of a thermal deposition of carbide; - between 1 and 3 mm, in the case of a layer of pre-molded carbide and infiltrated with a metallic binder; - around 2 mm, in the case of reported carbide segments or in the case of diamond concretions, that is to say of diamond particles bonded by a metal or an alloy.
  • the tools according to the invention have an endurance much greater than that of standard tools with carbide tip, even in the case where these tools have a profile close to the balance profile for the rock considered.
  • the tools according to the invention also have a much higher endurance than tools with a diamond tip housed in a carbide part.
  • this invention applies to so-called "front attack" stationary tools: in fact, when the tip of the tool is formed by a composite abrasive piece, the tool can remain stationary. This then no longer has a symmetry of revolution with respect to an axis but a symmetry with respect to a plane.
  • the angle at the top of the work surface of the workpiece carrier will preferably be less than the angle at the top of a conventional carbide tool used for felling the same rock, by about 30%.
  • the active part of the diamond abrasive piece may have a shape different from the hemispherical shape and, for example, a frustoconical shape.
  • the tools according to the invention can be used on any mining slaughter machine, and in particular on cutters and point attack machines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP89401393A 1988-06-02 1989-05-22 Werkzeug für eine Abbaumaschine mit einem abrasiven, diamantenen Teil Withdrawn EP0345114A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8807371 1988-06-02
FR8807371A FR2632353A1 (fr) 1988-06-02 1988-06-02 Outil pour machine d'abattage minier comportant une piece abrasive diamantee

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0345114A1 true EP0345114A1 (de) 1989-12-06

Family

ID=9366883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89401393A Withdrawn EP0345114A1 (de) 1988-06-02 1989-05-22 Werkzeug für eine Abbaumaschine mit einem abrasiven, diamantenen Teil

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4944559A (de)
EP (1) EP0345114A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2632353A1 (de)

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FR2632353A1 (fr) 1989-12-08

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