EP0944764B1 - Bohrkopf - Google Patents

Bohrkopf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0944764B1
EP0944764B1 EP97949845A EP97949845A EP0944764B1 EP 0944764 B1 EP0944764 B1 EP 0944764B1 EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 0944764 B1 EP0944764 B1 EP 0944764B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
drill bit
blade
bit according
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97949845A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0944764A1 (de
Inventor
Etienne Lamine
Robert Delwiche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Original Assignee
Dresser Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dresser Industries Inc filed Critical Dresser Industries Inc
Publication of EP0944764A1 publication Critical patent/EP0944764A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0944764B1 publication Critical patent/EP0944764B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts

Definitions

  • Drill heads used to date can therefore be fitted with various types of cutting elements.
  • synthetic polycrystalline diamond or PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact or polycrystalline diamond tablet synthetic
  • natural or synthetic diamonds so-called impregnated, abrasive grains (grits in English) in general and so-called thermostable (synthetic) diamonds or abrasive grain agglomerates (grits) or bonded abrasive grains.
  • the present invention results from a study comparative advantages and disadvantages of the elements sharp according to their position on the head of drilling, in particular on the front face thereof. he appears for example that in the case of a head of drilling with only diamond particles impregnated in the front face, those on the axis of rotation or very close to it have a speed weak device during head rotation in drilling course. In addition, their depth of pass in training to drill is very low because these particles are small (0.6 to 1 mm maximum) and are mechanically crimped in the head by a binder, so that they usually only protrude 0.4 mm maximum of the crimp binder.
  • a weak peripheral rotation speed of the particles of diamond can also mean increased pressure on these: therefore a greater risk of bursting or to tear out the particles very close to the axis.
  • a drilling head with inserts of PDC is very advantageous on the spot, or very close to the axis of rotation because the carat value of diamond is sufficient, exposure of platelets cut projecting from the rest of the head y ensures depths of pass per revolution which are appreciable and these pads offer pressure aforementioned resistance greater than that of particles diamond.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view, in section along line I-I of FIG. 2 and in elevation, of a drill head of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the front face (depending on the direction of drilling) of the Figure 1 drilling.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view in perspective and elevation of a wafer support and of its brochure which can be used in the drill head of the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9 are each time schematic views respectively, of a part, in section and in elevation and, on the other hand, front of three different drill heads, the prior art, cited here by way of comparison to show the technical advantage of the head of the invention with respect to them.
  • Figure 10 is, on another scale, a view similar to that of Figure 2 but schematically and concerning a drilling head, certain blades of which have a constant width and others have a width variable, increasing from their end the closer to the axis of rotation.
  • the drilling head 1 of the invention can comprise a substantially cylindrical central body 2 and cutting blades 3 to 8, projecting from the body 2, both in front of it in a direction of drilling only on the sides of this same body 2. Elements cutting edges 9 are distributed over external surfaces frontal 10, considering the direction of drilling, and on lateral external surfaces 11 for calibrating the wells, for example petroleum, to be dug, blades 3 to 8 comprising these external surfaces 10, 11.
  • the surfaces lateral external 11 are part of a surface substantially cylindrical axis coinciding with the axis of drilling head rotation 1.
  • External surfaces front 10 and side 11 of each blade 3 to 8 preferably connect according to a progressive curvature.
  • the front surface outer 10 of at least one of the blades 3 to 8 ( Figures 1 and 2) it is arranged, as cutting elements 9, at the minus one cutting tablet 12 in diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline (PDC) at the location of an area central 13 of said front external surface 10 and, in a remaining area 14 of this front surface 10, outside the central zone 13, synthetic diamonds thermostable and / or diamond particles impregnated, both on the blade 3 to 8 provided with cutting insert (s) 12 than on the other blades 3 to 8.
  • PDC diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline
  • this drilling head The skilled person knows how to for the rest of this drilling head 1, by example by infiltration of molten metal into a matrix tungsten carbide powder placed in a mold carbon and fitted, before infiltration and where they are desired, diamond particles and / or thermostable synthetic diamonds. Then the or said cutting inserts 12 can be brazed to their places provided during molding and the matrix infiltrated and cooled can be fixed (figure 1) by screwing (in 15) and / or welding (in 16) to a metal body 17 carrying a thread 18 for connecting the head 1 to a rod train (not shown). Such brazing of cutting insert 12 can be achieved practically lastly, on head 1 finished, at low temperature silver brazing alloy of fusion.
  • each cutting insert 12 is fixed to a support 20, known per se, the shape of which can be changed as desired (see also figure 3), inserted in the corresponding slide, parallel to the axis of rotation, and being able be arranged so that the active face of each wafer 12 can be tilted at a cutting angle ("rake" in English), for example of the order of 30 °, by relative to a corresponding axial plane.
  • the inclination of this angle is then, according to FIGS. 2 and 3, oriented so that the front cutting edge 12A of each plate 12 (in a longitudinal direction of advance of tool 1) either backwards (depending on the direction of rotation R during drilling) relative to the rear cutting edge 12B of the same insert 12 in the drill head 1.
  • the supports 20 are advantageously made of tungsten carbonate.
  • Blades 3, 5 and 7 may not differ practically only by the number and location of cutting inserts 12. Blades 4, 6 and 8 can be similar to each other. Other arrangements of these blades 3 to 8 may also be preferred, like that of Figure 10 explained below.
  • a practically central passage 21 can be intended for drilling fluid, so that this opens out between the front external surfaces 10 and escapes, with debris caused by the drilling, by channels extending between the blades 3 to 8 and along the sides of the body 2.
  • Said remaining zone 14 can be itself divided into two substantially circular areas and coaxial 25, 26 with the central zone 13. Then a circular area 25 or 26 may have virtually no as thermostable synthetic diamonds while the other circular zone 26 or 25 may not include practically only impregnated diamond particles.
  • diamonds thermostable synthetics are arranged in the area circular 26 located directly around the area control unit 13.
  • an area intermediate located in a ring between the two circular zones 25 and 26, either equipped with part of impregnated diamond particles and part of thermostable synthetic diamonds.
  • Synthetic thermostable diamonds may have a circular and / or cubic shape and / or prismatic with preferably triangular cross-section.
  • the blades 3 to 8 preferably each have a substantially constant thickness over one. part significant of their frontal external surface 10 and on their lateral external surface 11.
  • the thicknesses of the different blades 3 to 8 can be equal.
  • blades 3 to 8 can extend in a straight line ( Figures 1 and 2) or helically (not shown).
  • the lateral external surfaces 11 of the blades 3 to 8, which belong to a substantially surface cylindrical, can present on the latter, in an embodiment a thickness which is of the order of at most half the circular distance between two successive blades 3 to 8, measured on this same substantially cylindrical surface.
  • the front external surface 10 of the blades 3 to 8 is arranged to determine, by the elements cutting 9, in the formation of the bottom of a well drilling (not shown) a tapered re-entrant surface in the drilling head 1 and preferably having a cone angle between 10 ° and 55 °, preferably of the order 45 °, relative to the axis of rotation of the head drilling 1.
  • central zones 13 and remaining 14 and / or 25, 26 may depend on training to drill. So, for very hard rocks, it seems advantageous to choose a small diameter for the area central 13 and enlarge it as the rocks are less harsh. For clay formations, the 12 PDC cutting inserts are better thanks to to their capacity to evacuate these materials: there are so less head 1 stuffing at these places pads 12.
  • the power applied to the drilling head 1 is indicated in the HP ("horse power") column of table 1 and this power per unit area is indicated in the HP / cm 2 column.
  • the drilling heads used for the comparison are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4 to 9. The head of FIGS.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 comprises twelve narrow blades, identified by letters A, F and G according to their similarities and tracing a semi-toric groove on the using impregnated diamond particles while the center is hollowed out by thermostable synthetic diamonds located in an outlet of a drilling fluid passage.
  • the head of Figures 6 and 7 has twelve narrow blades, identified by the letters A, B, C, D and E according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 60 ° relative to the axis of rotation.
  • the head of FIGS. 8 and 9 comprises six thick blades, identified by letters A, B and C according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 45 ° relative to the axis of rotation.
  • the crown chosen for the comparison (and not shown) is equipped only with PDC cutting inserts, in a so-called soft binder, on its front face of attack.
  • the same rock was drilled or cored by these different tools during the comparative test.
  • the binder used for the drilling heads of FIGS. 4 to 9 is also of the so-called soft type.
  • the head 1 of the invention has a penetration speed (ROP) substantially higher than other drill heads usual.
  • blades 5 with projection in the shape of a truncated triangle 5A on the drawing plane can be inserted between blades 3, 4 whose width is practically constant over their entire outer surface.
  • the use of these blades 5A allows for example to reduce the interval between two successive blades 3, 4.
  • the invention may also include drilling heads where all the blades have a projection in the form of a truncated triangle like the blade 5A above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Bohrkopf, wie er insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Erdölbohrung eingesetzt wird, umfassend
    einen zentralen Körper (2),
    Schneiden (3 bis 8), die im Hinblick auf den Körper (2) in Richtung der Bohrung sowie auf den Seiten dieses Körpers (2) hervorstehen und
    Schneidelemente (9), die jede Schneide umfasst und die verteilt sind auf einer vorderen Außenfläche und auf einer seitlichen Außenfläche (11) zur Kalibrierung der Ölquelle, wobei die seitlichen Außenflächen der Klingen (3 bis 8) Teil einer zylindrischen Oberfläche sind, und
    in dem auf der vorderen Außenseite (10) der Schneiden (3 bis 8) als Schneidelemente vorgesehen sind:
    in einem zentralen Bereich der vorderen Außenfläche (10) auf mindestens einer Schneide (3 bis 8): mindestens eine Schneidplatte (12) als Pressling aus polykristallinem synthetischem Diamant und
    in einem weiteren Bereich (14) der vorderen Außenfläche (10) dieser Klinge, der sich außerhalb dieses zentralen Bereichs (13) im Hinblick auf die Rotationsachse des Kopfes (1) befindet sowie auf den anderen Klingen: synthetische thermostabile Diamanten und/oder imprägnierte Diamantteilchen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser weitere Bereich (14) aufgeteilt ist in zwei Bereiche (25,26), die genau kreisförmig und koaxial mit dem zentralen Bereichen (13) verlaufen und dadurch, das einer der kreisförmigen Bereiche (25,26) synthetische thermostabile Diamanten als Schneidelement (9) umfasst, wobei der andere kreisförmige Bereich (jeweils 25 oder 26) imprägnierte Diamantteilchen, umfasst.
  2. Bohrkopf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermostabilen synthetischen Diamanten in dem kreisförmigen Bereich (26) angeordnet sind, die sich direkt um den zentralen Bereich (13) erstreckt.
  3. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermostabilen synthetischen Diamanten eine Kreisform undloder kubische Form und/oder prismatische Form mit vorzugsweise dreieckigem Querschnitt aufweisen.
  4. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (12) aus polykristallinem synthetischen Diamantpressling von orientierenden Trägern (20) aus Wolframcarbid gehalten werden.
  5. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Platten ein Element aus mehreren Schichten ist von denen die eine (27) vor der Platte (12) in Richtung der Rotation während der Kernbohrung, aus einem Pressling aus synthetischen polykristallinen Diamanten (TDC) besteht, eine Nachfolgende (28) aus Wolframcarbid besteht und eine Letzte (29) aus Wolframcarbid kombiniert mit Diamantteilchen besteht.
  6. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Klingen (3 bis 8) auf einem Großteil der vorderen Außenfläche (10) und auf ihrer seitlichen Oberfläche (11) eine konstante Dicke aufweist, wobei vorteilhafterweise alle Klingen (3 bis 8) genau die gleiche Dicke aufweisen, und dass vorzugsweise sechs Klingen (3 bis 8) um den Körper (2) vorliegen.
  7. Bohrkopf nach einem derAnsprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der zylindrischen Oberfläche jede Klinge (3 bis 8) eine Dicke aufweist, die in der Größenordnung von höchstens der Hälfte des Kreisabstandes zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Klingen (3 bis 8) liegt.
  8. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Klinge (5a) in der Projektion auf einer Fläche, die senkrecht zur Rotationsachse des Bohrkopfes (1), liegt, eine abgestumpfte Dreiecksform aufweist, die zu dieser Achse weist.
  9. Bohrkopf nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils eine Klinge (5a) mit einer Projektion in Form eines abgestumpften Dreiecks zwischen zwei Klingen (3,4) mit genau konstanter Dicke auf der vorderen Außenflächen (10) und den Seitenflächen (11) vorgesehen ist.
  10. Bohrkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vordere Außenfläche (10) der Schneiden (3 bis 8) vorgesehen ist, um auf dem Grund eines Bohrschachtes eine konische Fläche zu definieren, die in den Bohrkopf (1) eintritt und die einen Konuswinkel aufweist, der zwischen 10° und 55° und vorzugsweise in der Größenordnung von 45° liegt im Hinblick auf die Rotationsachse des Bohrkopfes (1).
EP97949845A 1996-12-16 1997-12-16 Bohrkopf Expired - Lifetime EP0944764B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9601043 1996-12-16
BE9601043A BE1010802A3 (fr) 1996-12-16 1996-12-16 Tete de forage.
PCT/BE1997/000135 WO1998027310A1 (fr) 1996-12-16 1997-12-16 Tete de forage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0944764A1 EP0944764A1 (de) 1999-09-29
EP0944764B1 true EP0944764B1 (de) 2003-03-19

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ID=3890145

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97949845A Expired - Lifetime EP0944764B1 (de) 1996-12-16 1997-12-16 Bohrkopf

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US6296069B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0944764B1 (de)
BE (1) BE1010802A3 (de)
CA (1) CA2274918C (de)
DE (1) DE69720035T2 (de)
NO (1) NO326453B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1998027310A1 (de)

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NO326453B1 (no) 2008-12-08
CA2274918C (en) 2006-05-09
BE1010802A3 (fr) 1999-02-02
DE69720035D1 (de) 2003-04-24
DE69720035T2 (de) 2004-04-01
WO1998027310A1 (fr) 1998-06-25
NO992906L (no) 1999-08-13
EP0944764A1 (de) 1999-09-29
NO992906D0 (no) 1999-06-14
CA2274918A1 (en) 1998-06-25
US6296069B1 (en) 2001-10-02

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