EP0340936B1 - Golf practice apparatus - Google Patents

Golf practice apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340936B1
EP0340936B1 EP89303756A EP89303756A EP0340936B1 EP 0340936 B1 EP0340936 B1 EP 0340936B1 EP 89303756 A EP89303756 A EP 89303756A EP 89303756 A EP89303756 A EP 89303756A EP 0340936 B1 EP0340936 B1 EP 0340936B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensors
golf
club
radiation
sensing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89303756A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0340936A1 (en
Inventor
Robert B. Ladick
Bryan E. Ladick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SYNTRONIX SYSTEMS Ltd
Original Assignee
SYNTRONIX SYSTEMS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SYNTRONIX SYSTEMS Ltd filed Critical SYNTRONIX SYSTEMS Ltd
Priority to AT89303756T priority Critical patent/ATE77965T1/de
Publication of EP0340936A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340936A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0340936B1 publication Critical patent/EP0340936B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3614—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf using electro-magnetic, magnetic or ultrasonic radiation emitted, reflected or interrupted by the golf club
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/802—Ultra-sound sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/805—Optical or opto-electronic sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for the practicing of golf swings and, more particularly, to apparatus which provides the user with a visual display of the result of a golf swing by the user.
  • United States Patent 4,137,566, issued January 13, 1987 to Steven L. Haas et al disclosed an apparatus and method for analyzing a golf swing and displaying the results in which light sources are attached to appropriate locations on the golfer himself or on a golf club, the tight from these light sources being detected by electro-optical sensors having different fields of view encompassing the golfer and the golf club during at least a portion of the golf swing.
  • the outputs of the sensors are electronically processed to provide alpha-numeric or graphic data for display.
  • the disadvantage of this prior apparatus and method is that they require the user to swing a golf club, which as explained above is impractical in many rooms.
  • GB-A-2,091,111 of Tredinnick discloses a mechanical aid for assisting in striking a golf ball with a golf club. This is achieved by sensing the trajectory of the golf club using a plurality of rows of transducer elements and moving the ball appropriately using a servomechanism so that it comes into contact with the 'sweet spot' of the club.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved apparatus for the practicing of golf swings which avoids the use of a golf club but senses the correctness or otherwise of the swings.
  • the present invention provides an elongate member, which is swung by a user in simulation of the swinging of a golf club and which projects a beam of radiation from one end thereof, the beam being detected by sensors to provide signals which are electronically processed to provide a visual display corresponding to the swing,
  • apparatus for the practicing of golf swings comprising an elongate member to be swung by a user in simulation of the swinging of a golf club, the elongate member comprising a simulated golf club hand grip, a source of radiation and means forforming the radiation into a beam extending from one end of the elongate member in the longitudinal direction of the elongate member.
  • the visual representation may, for example, take the form of a picture illustrating the flight of a golf ball, the flight varying in dependence on various characteristics of the swinging of the elongate member.
  • the elongate member may have a length substantially less than that of a golf club, thus avoiding the space requirements for the swinging of a golf club.
  • the array of sensor means is supported on the floor, beneath the path of travel of the elongate member during the swinging of the elongate member, and in the vicinity of a simulated golf ball impact location.
  • the sensor means comprise groups of sensors which are differently arranged for sensing the direction of movement of the beam through the impact location, the timing of the beam during the passage of the beam over the array and the inclination of the beam as the beam passes through the impact location.
  • the golf swing practice apparatus illustrated therein comprises a simulated golf club in the form of an elongate club member indicated generally by reference numeral 10, which has a length approximately one-half of the length of a conventional golf club and which, as illustrated in Figure 1, is swung by the user of the apparatus in simulation of the swinging of a golf club.
  • the apparatus further includes a shallow, elongate housing 12 of rectangular shape, which is placed on the floor while the apparatus is in use and which, as described in greater detail below, incorporates an array of light detectors for detecting a light beam, indicated generally by reference numeral 14, which extends from one end of the club member 10 in the longitudinal direction of the club member 10, the arrangement being such that the light beam 14 sweeps along at least a portion of the upper surface of the shallow rectangular housing 12 during the simulated golf swing.
  • a shallow, elongate housing 12 of rectangular shape which is placed on the floor while the apparatus is in use and which, as described in greater detail below, incorporates an array of light detectors for detecting a light beam, indicated generally by reference numeral 14, which extends from one end of the club member 10 in the longitudinal direction of the club member 10, the arrangement being such that the light beam 14 sweeps along at least a portion of the upper surface of the shallow rectangular housing 12 during the simulated golf swing.
  • the housing 10 is also provided with a sonar transducer 15, which is a commercially available sonar transducer manufactured by Polaroid Corporation and the purpose of which is to sense the height of the lower end of the club member 10 for measuring the height of the imaginary golf club head at an appropriate location during the swing.
  • a sonar transducer 15 which is a commercially available sonar transducer manufactured by Polaroid Corporation and the purpose of which is to sense the height of the lower end of the club member 10 for measuring the height of the imaginary golf club head at an appropriate location during the swing.
  • the sonar transducer 15 is offset from the centre of the top of the housing 12 and is tilted towards the user.
  • the shallow rectangular housing 12 is connected by a cable 16 to a monitor 24 for providing the user of the apparatus with a visual display of the results of his simulated golf swings.
  • a control switch unit 20 is connected by means of a cable 22 to the housing 12 for providing user input into the apparatus, as described in greater detail below.
  • the club member 10 comprises a tubular metal shaft 26 provided at one end thereof with a simulated golf club hand grip 28 and, at the other end thereof, with a club head indicated generally by reference numeral 30.
  • the club head 30 comprises an elongate housing 32 formed at one end thereof with an end closure 34, which is in threaded engagement with the corresponding end of the housing 32 and formed with a cylindrical opening 35 for receiving an end 27 of the shaft 26, the end 27 being adjustable secured by a grub screw 29 in threaded engagement with the end closure 34.
  • the housing 32 contains a light source in the form of a light bulb 36 provided with a reflector 33.
  • a pair of condensing lenses 37 and 38 are provided for redirecting the light from the light bulb 36 through a mask or diaphragm 39, which is described in greater detail below with reference to Figure 3, and a focussing lens 40 to form the beam 14.
  • the lenses 37 and 38 are held apart in a cylindrical bore 41 in the housing 32 by a cylindrical spacer 42, and threaded retainer rings 43 and 44 are screwed into an internal thread 45 in the housing 32 to retain the diaphragm 39, the lenses 37 and 38 and the spacer 42 in position in the housing 32.
  • the focussing lens 40 is secured in a sleeve 46 by a retainer ring 47 in threaded engagement with an internal thread 48 in the sleeve 46.
  • An external thread 49 on the sleeve 46 is in threaded engagement with the internal thread 45 of the housing 32.
  • the sleeve 46 has at one end a cylindrical peripheral projection 50, the periphery of which is knurled to facilitate manual rotation of the sleeve 46 relative to the housing 32 for axially displacing the focussing lens 40 and thereby focussing the beam 14.
  • the housing 32 is formed with an integral auxiliary housing 51, which serves to contain a pair of batteries 52 for energizing the light bulb 36.
  • the batteries 52 are retained in the auxiliary housing 51 by means of a closure 53 in snap-in engagement with the auxiliary housing 51.
  • Manually actuatable switch 54 ( Figure 2) serves, when closed, for completing a circuit through the light bulb 36 and the batteries 50 illuminating the light bulb 36 to produce the light beam 14.
  • the diaphragm 39 comprises a disc of transparent material, e.g. glass, provided with an opaque coating. As shown in Figure 3, this coating comprises an outer portion 70, and is formed with a central rectangular opening 71, within which there is a substantially smaller, rectangular opaque portion 72. Consequently, as will be readily apparent, the light which is transmitted by the condensing lenses 37 and 38 through the diaphragm 39 is formed so that the light beam 14 is of rectangular cross-section and, at its middle, has a dark spot or portion 74 ( Figure 4), i.e. a light-free portion, which is of rectangular shape and which corresponds to the opaque portion 72 of the diaphragm, this dark portion of the beam cross-section being surrounded by an illuminated area or portion 75 of rectangular shape.
  • this coating comprises an outer portion 70, and is formed with a central rectangular opening 71, within which there is a substantially smaller, rectangular opaque portion 72. Consequently, as will be readily apparent, the light which is transmitted by the condensing lenses 37 and 38 through the dia
  • the planar or flat leading side of the light beam 14, which forms the leading edge 76 of the rectangular illuminated area 75, and the dark spot or portion 74 are sensed by an array of light sensors in the housing 12 in order to determine the direction, speed and orientation of the light beam 14 as the club member 10 is swung to move the light beam 14 through an imaginary golf ball impact location on the housing 12, as described in greater detail below.
  • FIG. 4 of the drawings shows two flat, horizontal, vertically spaced support boards 80 and 81, which are mounted in the housing 12.
  • the array of light sensors comprises, firstly, two parallel rows or end banks, indicated generally by reference numerals 82 and 84, of light sensors 86, the rows 82 and 84 being spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the board 80, which is indicated by arrow A, with the rows 82 and 84 extending transversely of the direction A.
  • each of the rows or end banks 82 and 84 comprises twenty-four sensors 86.
  • the number of sensors is not critical and may be varied depending upon the particular type of sensor employed and the dimensions of the sensor array as a whole.
  • the rectangular illuminated area 75 and the rectangular dark spot 74 cause some of the light sensors of each end bank 82 and 84 to be successively energized, de-energized, energized again and, finally, again de-energized. It is the first of these de-energizations, corresponding to the passage of the dark spot 74 over the light sensors, which is detected to indicate the passage of the axis of the light beam 14 over the rows 82 and 84. Also, the individual light sensors 86 of each row or end bank 82 and 84 are constantly monitored in succession, and the light sensors, in each row, which respond to the dark spot 74 are used to indicate the presence of the dark spot 74.
  • These light sensors thus provide an indi- i-cation of the direction of the path of movement of the light beam 14 across the board 80 and, thus, through the location of impact of the light beam with an imaginary golf ball.
  • the location of this imaginary golf ball is indicated by a disk 87 painted on the top of the housing 12 in a colour, e.g. white, which contrasts with the colour, e.g. green, of the remainder of the housing 12 to indicate to the user where he should aim his swing.
  • the board 80 is formed, at a central portion thereof, with a longitudinal slot 88, which allows a portion of the light beam 14 to pass downwardly through the board 80, and an array of four light sensors 90a, 90b, 90c and 90d are spaced apart at opposite sides of and longitudinally of the slot 88.
  • Two parallel sensor rows are mounted on the lower board 81, and are spaced apart longitudinally along the board 81 beneath the slot 88, the rows 92 and 94 extending transversely of the longitudinal direction A. More particularly, these two rows 92 and 94 are positioned to intercept the above-mentioned portion of the light beam 14 which passes downwardly through the slot 88.
  • the light sensors 90a - 90d are employed to detect the timing of the travel of the planar front or leading side of the light beam 14 during the passage of the light beam 14 through the imaginary golf ball impact location represented by the disk 87.
  • the light sensors 96 are employed to sense the angle of the light beam during the passage of the light beam through the imaginary golf ball impact location, i.e. the inclination of the longitudinal axis of the club 10.
  • the four sensors 90a - 90d as the leading edge 76 of the illuminated area 75 sweeps in succession over these sensors, they will be energized at successive time intervals which vary in dependence, firstly, on the direction of travel of the light beam 14 relative to the housing 12 and, secondly, on the orientation of the illuminated area on the board 80.
  • This beam portion is so narrow as to illuminate only one sensor in row 92 and one sensor in row 94.
  • the spatial orientation i.e. the three-dimensional orientation of the plane of the leading side of the light beam 14 can be determined by the processing of the sensor signals, and also the speed of travel of the light beam can be measured.
  • the sensor array of Figure 4A differs from that of Figure 4 in that, instead of having the sensor rows 92 and 94 mounted on the board 81 at a spacing below the board 80, in this case a corresponding pair of sensors rows, indicated by reference numerals 92a and 94a, are mounted in a downwardly facing fashion on the underside of the board 80 and the board 81 of Figure 4 is replaced by a board 81a a which is closer to the board 80.
  • the board 81a is provided with a mirrored upper surface 97 for reflecting upwardly onto the sensor array comprising the sensor rows 92a and 94a the portion of the light beam 14 which passes downwardly through the slot 88.
  • a central processing unit CPU 100 is connected to the control switch unit 20, which comprises three manually operable switches for providing user input into the CPU 100.
  • the CPU 100 is also provided with input data from an end bank sensor array 104, which incorporates the two rows or end banks 82 and 84 of light sensors 86, and a fast sensor array 106, which incorporates the light sensors 90a - 90d and 96.
  • a system memory 108 is connected to the CPU 100 and serves to store program data for controlling the operation of the apparatus.
  • the CPU 100 outputs a signal to a graphics control circuit 110 which, in response to data from the CPU 100 and to data stored in a graphics memory 112, provides a display on the screen of the monitor 24.
  • the switch unit 20 may be employed by the user, at the beginning of a game, to provide appropriate input into the CPU 100 for selecting, for example, which of the eighteen holes of a golf course he wishes to play. Graphics data relating to this hole is then transferred from the system memory 108 to the graphics memory 112. Also, the switch unit 102 may, for example, be employed for presetting parameters such as wind speed, the speed of the green on which a game is to be played, etc.
  • the direction and orientation of the light bean 14, and thus of the club member 10, as the light beam passes through the simulated golf ball impact location, are sensed as described above and corresponding data is fed from the end bank sensor array 104 and the fast sensor array 106 to the CPU 100.
  • the sensors 86 of rows 82 and 84 is checked for the presence of a signal from any of the end bank sensors 86, as indicated in the flow chart of Figure 6.
  • the end bank sensors 86 are monitored to determine which of them first detects the dark spot 74, as described above, and the fast sensors, i.e. the fast sensor array 106 comprising the fast sensors 90a -90d and 96, are set up so that the timings of the energization of those sensors can be detected.
  • the CPU 100 Under control of the data stored in the system memory 108, the CPU 100 then computes the trajectory or flight of an imaginary golf ball and outputs corresponding flight data to the graphics control 110.
  • the graphic control 110 combines the flight data with data relating to the golf course obtained from the graphics memory 112 to provide on the screen of the monitor 24 a graphical representation of a hole of the golf course with, superimposed thereon, the trajectory or flight of the imaginary golf ball.
  • the user can observe on the screen of the monitor 24 a graphical display of the results of his swing.
  • a sonar ranging module 115 is connected to the CPU 100 and to the sonar transducer 15, and is a commercially available product manufactured by Texas Instruments Incorporated, of Dallas, Texas, and identified as Type SN 28827.
  • the CPU 100 sends a pulse to the sonar ranging module 115 to initiate the transmission of a sonar signal by the transducer 15.
  • the sonar ranging module 115 also monitors the transducer 15 and, in response to an echo signal from the latter, outputs a corresponding signal to the CPU 100, which then determines the time lapse between the sonar transducer transmission and echo signal transmission as a measurement of the height of the club member 10.
  • the sonar signal from the transducer 15 is confined to an angle of approximately fifteen degrees, which is wide enough to record a variety of swings and narrow enough to avoid most spurious signals from objects other than the club member 10.
  • the height measurement thus determined by the CPU 100 is displayed on the monitor 24.
  • the CPU 100 also provides an output to a speaker unit 116, for providing an audio signal. More particularly, the speaker unit 116 is operated by the CPU 100 to provide an audio signal corresponding to the sound of a golf club striking golf ball as the light beam 14 passes through the imaginary golf ball impact location. Also, the speaker unit 116 is controlled so as to provide appropriate sound signals when, for example, the imaginary flight of the golf ball lands in water.
  • FIG 7 illustrates in block diagram form the fast sensor array 106 comprising the sensors 90a - 90d and the rows of sensors 92 and 94 shown in Figure 4, there are shown sensor circuits 120a and 120h and 121a - 121 h.
  • the sensor circuits 120a - 120h each comprise one of the sensors 96 of the sensor row 92 (or 92a) with associated circuitry, and the sensors 121 a - 121 h each comprise one of the sensors 96 of the sensor row 94 (or 94a) with associated circuitry, as will be described in greater detail below.
  • the sensor circuits 120a - 120h and 121 a - 121 h are corrected to a common input conductor 123, to which a DAC voltage is applied.
  • Figure 7 also shows two circuits 122a and 122b connected to the outputs of the sensor circuits 120a and 121a, respectively, for processing the output of these circuits, and four sensor circuits 124a - 124d, which each comprise a respective one of the sensors 90a - 90d and associated components, as described in greater detail below with reference to Figure 9A.
  • the sensor circuits 120a - 120h each have an output connected to the circuit 122a and the sensor circuits 121a -121h each have an output connected to the circuit 122b.
  • the sensor circuits 120a - 120h and 121a - 121h also each have an output connected by a conductor 126 to the CPU 100.
  • circuits 122a, 122b and 124a 124d are connected to respective latches 127 of an 8-bit counter 128, the output which is connected by conductor 130 to a 16-bit counter in the CPU 100.
  • Figure 8 shows a sensor circuit incorporating one of the end bank sensors 86, each of which has a similar circuit.
  • the sensor 86 shown in Figure 8 is implemented as an infra-red phototransistor Tr1 which, when energized, provides a voltage at the output of an operational amplifier OA1.
  • a voltage divider comprising resistors r1 and r2 is used to reduce this voltage, the reduced voltage being applied by conductor 132 to a digital input circuit 133, implemented as an 8255 chip, which is one of a pair of such circuits respectively connected to the end banks 82 and 84.
  • the DAC voltage from conductor 123 and a resistor r3 are employed to compensate the phototransistor Tr1 when there is ambient infra-red radiation, by providing a current to null the output of the operational amplifier OA1.
  • a diode D1 is provided to protect the input of the digital input circuit 133. This is required since, when the circuit is compensating for infra-red and if the ambient infra-red then disappears, the output of the operational amplifier OA1 would be driven negative and, therefore, so would the input of the digital input circuit if the diode D1 were not present.
  • the digital input circuit is polled by the CPU100 to determine the status of the end bank sensors 86.
  • Figure 9 shows one of the sensor circuits 124a - 124d of the sensors 90a - 90d, the remainder of which are similar to that shown in Figure 9.
  • the light sensor e.g. sensor 90a
  • the light sensor comprises a phototransistor Tr2, which produces an A.C. pulse at the output of an operational amplifier OA2, which is coupled to transistor Tr3, which controls an operational amplifier OA3, the output voltage of which is applied through a diode D3 to the conductor 136, in the case of one of the circuits 120a - 120h, or 138, in the case of one of the circuits 121a - 121h.
  • the output voltage of the operational amplifier OA3 is reduced by a voltage divider comprising resistors r8 and r9 and applied to the respective conductor 126, which is connected to a respective port of one of a pair of digital inputcircuits 140, 142, ( Figure 7) which are implemented as 8255 chips and serve as inputs to the CPU 100.
  • the phototransistor Tr3 When the phototransistor Tr3 is energized, it provides a signal through the respective conductor 126 to the respective part of the digital input circuit 140 or 142 by which the CPU 100 determines which of the phototransistors Tr3, i.e. which of the light sensors 96, has been illuminated by the portion of the light beam passing through the slot 88. As described above, this data is employed in the computation of the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the club 10.
  • the same phototransistor Tr3 through its conductor 136 or 138 and its associated circuit 122a or 122b, and through the corresponding latch 127, latches the timer 128.
  • the timer 128 is an 8-bit counter, and is connected to a 16-bit counter in the CPU 100.
  • the timings of the illuminations of the sensors 96 and 90a - 90d are latched in hardware and can be retrieved during the interrupt service routine of the CPU 100 to enable the timings for these sensors to be measured accurately, and a 24 bit time resolution is employed, at 0.5 microseconds, to provide an interval of 8 seconds. This accuracy directly determines the accuracy of the measurements as a function of velocity of the light beam.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
EP89303756A 1988-04-27 1989-04-17 Golf practice apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0340936B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89303756T ATE77965T1 (de) 1988-04-27 1989-04-17 Golf-uebungsgeraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000565191A CA1281412C (en) 1988-04-27 1988-04-27 Golf practice apparatus
CA565191 1988-04-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340936A1 EP0340936A1 (en) 1989-11-08
EP0340936B1 true EP0340936B1 (en) 1992-07-08

Family

ID=4137913

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89303756A Expired - Lifetime EP0340936B1 (en) 1988-04-27 1989-04-17 Golf practice apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0340936B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH078302B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR890015766A (ja)
AT (1) ATE77965T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU615051B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1281412C (ja)
DE (1) DE68902006D1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006062310A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-15 Wan Chul Kim Apparatus for putting correcting and training

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002509780A (ja) * 1998-03-30 2002-04-02 リー・デヴィッド・ハート ゴルフスイング分析装置および方法
JP2002535102A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2002-10-22 オーソペディック・システムズ・インク ゴルフボール飛行モニタシステム
US7214138B1 (en) 1999-01-29 2007-05-08 Bgi Acquisition, Llc Golf ball flight monitoring system
US6821211B2 (en) * 2001-09-14 2004-11-23 Golftech Sport swing analysis system
WO2003067524A2 (en) 2002-02-07 2003-08-14 Accu-Sport International, Inc. Determining parameters of a golf shot by image analysis
KR100972819B1 (ko) * 2009-06-30 2010-07-28 (주) 골프존 포터블 골프 시뮬레이션 장치 및 그 제어방법
KR100923069B1 (ko) 2009-06-30 2009-10-22 (주) 골프존 가상 골프 시뮬레이션 장치 및 이에 이용되는 스윙플레이트
KR101148162B1 (ko) * 2009-12-23 2012-05-23 (주) 알디텍 타격상태 출력 기능의 스크린 골프 시스템 및 방법
US10985558B1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2021-04-20 North China Electric Power University Structural similarity based pilot protection method and system for renewable power transmission line

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2080608A (en) * 1935-02-23 1937-05-18 Earle S Hannaford Golf game improver
US4254956A (en) * 1978-11-21 1981-03-10 Rusnak Thomas L Golf swing training apparatus
GB2091111A (en) * 1981-01-19 1982-07-28 Tredinnick Stephen Vistor Mechanical aid
US4342455A (en) * 1981-03-20 1982-08-03 Toshiaki Miyamae Golf putting practice device
US4429880A (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-02-07 Chen Richard M Golf game simulator device
GB2154146A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-09-04 Adrian James Ludlow Essex Ball game simulation apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006062310A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-15 Wan Chul Kim Apparatus for putting correcting and training

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0213482A (ja) 1990-01-17
DE68902006D1 (de) 1992-08-13
ATE77965T1 (de) 1992-07-15
JPH078302B2 (ja) 1995-02-01
AU615051B2 (en) 1991-09-19
EP0340936A1 (en) 1989-11-08
KR890015766A (ko) 1989-11-25
AU3325889A (en) 1989-11-02
CA1281412C (en) 1991-03-12

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