EP0320404A1 - Helix-type antenna and its manufacturing process - Google Patents
Helix-type antenna and its manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- EP0320404A1 EP0320404A1 EP88403145A EP88403145A EP0320404A1 EP 0320404 A1 EP0320404 A1 EP 0320404A1 EP 88403145 A EP88403145 A EP 88403145A EP 88403145 A EP88403145 A EP 88403145A EP 0320404 A1 EP0320404 A1 EP 0320404A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- antenna
- zone
- radiating
- line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
Definitions
- the invention relates to a helix-type antenna and its manufacturing method.
- the propeller type antennas have the advantage of radiating an electromagnetic wave in good quality circular polarization over a wide coverage and with an emission lobe possibly formed.
- this type of antenna generally comprises four radiating strands which it is necessary to supply according to laws of adequate amplitude and phase.
- the four radiating strands are wound on a circular sleeve with a pitch p, along a guideline of the sleeve, corresponding to an angular offset of . rd and each strand is supplied from a signal having a relative successive angular phase shift equal to .
- the radiating strands noted successively 2, 3, 4 are supplied with signals of the same amplitude A but of successive phase relative to -90 ° , - 180 °, - 270 °.
- the excitation is done firstly through a hybrid coupler which separates the energy into two equal-amplitude channels and phase shifted relative to each other by 90 ° .
- a double balun housed in the axis of the antenna, makes it possible to pass, for each of the two channels, from the coaxial line to the diametrically opposite strands. The latter are therefore supplied by equal amplitudes and in phase opposition.
- Using a compensated balun adjusts the operating frequency range of the antenna.
- a hybrid coupler makes it possible to separate the energy into two equal-amplitude channels and in phase quadrature.
- the energy is then conveyed to the supply point by two of the radiating strands which are, in fact, made up of coaxial cables then it is distributed at equal amplitudes and in phase opposition between the diametrically opposite strands, some connected to the cores of the coaxial, the others formed by the external part of the shielding of the coaxials themselves.
- the coaxial supply line is split at its end to constitute a balun.
- the distribution of the energy in quadrature between the two bi-helices is carried out by adjusting the length, therefore the reactance, of the radiating strands.
- the four radiating strands are supplied from a distributor.
- the other end of the strands, relative to the end constituting the feed point is either in open circuit with then a length of strands equal to an odd whole number of quarter wavelengths, or a short circuit with a length of strands equal to an integer number of half-wavelengths.
- a true open circuit is impossible to achieve, unlike a good short circuit.
- the four strands are generally short-circuited together at the end opposite to the supply point, this short-circuit being produced in the form of a cross as shown in FIG. 1f.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by using a particularly simple helical antenna structure.
- Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a helix type antenna of particularly reduced weight and size.
- Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a helix type antenna with very high reproducibility of radiation pattern characteristics.
- Another object of the present invention is finally the implementation of a method of manufacturing a helix type antenna, particularly simple and very easily adaptable on an industrial scale with very high reproducibility and automation qualities.
- the antenna of the helix type comprises at least one radiating strand wound in a helix according to a form of revolution. It is remarkable in that it comprises a supply circuit, of the said radiating strand (s), constituted by a transmission line of the ribbon line type ensuring both the power distribution function and the adaptation of the radiating strands. of the antenna.
- the method of manufacturing a helix-type antenna in accordance with the subject of the invention is remarkable in that it consists in cutting a flexible double-sided printed circuit sheet with the corresponding dimensions of a sleeve of revolution, on said printed circuit, to delimit a first zone intended to contain said ribbon line and a second zone intended to contain said radiating strands, on a first face of the printed circuit, to remove metallization at said second zone, said metallization being maintained over the whole of the first zone to constitute said reference propagation plane, on the second face of said printed circuit, to be formed by removal of material, at the level of the second zone, on the one hand , from said metallization in defined zones, said radiating strands and said annular conductive zone, and at the level of the first zone on the other hand, a conductive zone forming with said reference propagation plane said strip line, for winding the sheet of printed circuit, side of the reference propagation plane or strand side on the sleeve, the radiating strands being suitably oriented.
- the invention finds application in the manufacture and realization of antennas of the propeller type used in ground / satellite telecommunication links with scrolling or mobiles / geostationary relays, and in radiolocation.
- the antenna object of the invention is a helix type antenna comprising at least one radiating strand wound in a helix according to a form of revolution.
- the helix type antenna according to the invention comprises at least one radiating strand denoted 11, 12, 13 or 14 wound in a helix in a circular shape around a sleeve 1 for example.
- FIG. 2a which shows the antenna in developed form according to a particular embodiment of the invention, there is shown in dotted lines the sleeve 1 on which the antenna is normally wound to constitute the antenna actually obtained as shown in Figure 2b.
- the antenna of the propeller type which is the subject of the invention, the latter comprises a supply circuit denoted 2 of the radiating strand (s).
- This circuit consists of a transmission line of the ribbon line type denoted 20.
- the ribbon line 20 performs both the power distribution function and the impedance matching of the radiating strands of the antenna.
- the helix-type antenna object of the invention comprises four radiating strands denoted 11, 12, 13 and 14.
- Each radiating strand is constituted by a metallized zone in shape of strip wound in a helix on the lateral surface of the sleeve 1.
- Each strip constituting the radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14 is spaced from the next along a guideline of the sleeve 1 by a determined distance P.
- the radiating strands are inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to any guideline of the sleeve 1 and are thus wound in a helix.
- the transmission line 20 constituting the latter can advantageously be constituted by a meander line denoted 200 in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- Each radiating strand 11, 12 13 and 14 is at its feed point denoted 110, 120, 130, 140 or entry end, connected in electrical contact with the strip constituting the meander line 200.
- the electrical distance on the meandering line between two entry points of two consecutive radiating strands, entry points such as 110, 120, 130 and 140 is equal at an odd multiple of quarter wavelength of the transmit-receive signal propagating in the ribbon line under consideration.
- each feed point or entry point 110, 120, 130 and 140 of the radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14 is supplied by signals of equal amplitude, respectively phase-shifted by ⁇ / 2 rd, that is to say in the supply conditions as shown in FIG. 1a.
- the adaptation function of the radiating strands can advantageously be achieved by the use of line sections 201, 202, 203, 204, of variable width, thus constituting the line 20, as shown in FIG. 2d, and by the sections 110 to 112 , 120 to 122, 130 to 132 and 140 to 142 of the radiating strands.
- the end of the strands opposite the input ends 110, 120, 130, 140, end noted 111, 121, 131, 141 in FIGS. 2a and 2b is advantageously connected in short circuit to the same annular conductive zone 100.
- one end of one of the radiating strands 111, 121, 131, 141 is necessarily short-circuited, that is to say with an amplitude of field electric zero and all opposite ends 111, 121, 131, 141 by the connection to the conductive area, are thus short-circuited.
- the annular conductive zone 100 thus imposes a short circuit on the end of the four radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14.
- the ribbon line 200 constituting the supply circuit 2 comprises a sheet of dielectric material 2000, of which a first face intended to be applied to the lateral surface of the sleeve 1 is entirely metallized, to constitute a reference propagation plane denoted 2001.
- a second face of the sheet of dielectric material 2000 opposite to the first face comprises a metal strip 2002, forming with the first metallized face 2001, the ribbon line 20.
- the supply circuit 2 constituted by a ribbon line 20, radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14 and the annular conductive zone 100 short circuits are formed on the same sheet of dielectric material.
- FIG. 2b shows a front view of the antenna obtained after mounting, that is to say after winding of the sheet of dielectric material 2000, provided with its various conductive zones around the sleeve 1.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 A method of producing a helix-type antenna in accordance with the object of the invention will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 3 and 4, and in particular with FIG. 3 at points a, b, c, d, of that -this.
- the production method may consist, as shown in point a) of FIG. 3, of cutting a sheet 10 of printed circuit flexible, double-sided, the double-sided being denoted 101, 102 and provided with a metallization, with the corresponding dimensions for a cylindrical sleeve 1 of given dimension.
- the printed circuit sheet may be constituted by a sheet of high quality, of which the sheet of dielectric material 2000 consists for example of a sheet of plastic material such as kapton or polytetrafluoroethylene reinforced with glass.
- the method can then consist in delimiting on the printed circuit sheet 10 a first zone denoted I intended to contain said ribbon line and a second zone denoted II intended to contain the radiant strands.
- the embodiment then consists in removing on a first face of the printed circuit 10, in particular at the level of the second zone denoted II, the metallization 101 for example, this same metallization 101 being maintained over the entire first zone of the same face to constitute the reference propagation plane noted 2001.
- the embodiment then consists in forming by removing material on the second face of the printed circuit 10 at the level of the second zone on the one hand, of the metallization 102, according to determined zones, the radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14 and the annular conductive zone 100.
- a conductive zone is then formed constituting with the reference propagation plane 2001, the ribbon line 20.
- the aforementioned conductive zone can then be constituted by a conductive zone denoted 200 constituting the meandering line.
- the sheet thus obtained in FIG. 3c, provided with its various conductive zones, is then wound on the sleeve 1, the side of the reference propagation plane 2001 or the strand side being pressed against the lateral surface of the sleeve 1.
- the sleeve can then be withdrawn or not.
- the radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14 are suitably oriented.
- the step consisting in cutting the flexible printed circuit sheet 10 double-sided with the corresponding dimensions of the cylindrical sleeve 1, can advantageously be carried out by stamping from an appropriate cutting tool.
- the cutting of the double-sided printed circuit sheet 10, to the dimensions corresponding to those of the sleeve 1 may consist, for example, of cutting the aforementioned sheet along a contour whose shape corresponds to that of a rectangle whose length L corresponds to the perimeter of the section of the sleeve 1, and whose width has a determined value.
- this shape includes a parallelogram superimposed on the aforementioned rectangle.
- This parallelogram includes a small side noted a, which corresponds to the length L of the aforementioned rectangle, and whose height h is such that the width l of the rectangle increased by the height h of the parallelogram is equal to the height H of the sleeve 1, thus that it has been represented in FIG.
- the sleeve 1 in a substantially corresponding dimension being represented in line with the cut out printed circuit sheet.
- the angle of the parallelogram corresponds to the helical winding angle of the radiating strands on the sleeve 1, the radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14, then being formed, as described above, parallel to the corresponding sides. of the above parallelogram.
- a suitable connector 30 can then be put in place at the end 25 of the line 20 by a conventional technique, such as screwing, clamping, welding or gluing.
- the propeller type antenna object of the invention may also, as shown in Figures 5a and 5b, include at least one strand radiating 11, 12, 13, 14 wound in a helix according to a form of conical revolution.
- the process which is the subject of the invention in its various stages of etching the supply circuit 200, the radiating strands 11, 12, 13, 14 and the possible final short circuit 100 can, of course, be applied to any antenna of developable shape and, in particular, with conical helix antennas.
- the production method differs from that of cylindrical helix antennas only in the particular shape of the developed circuit, and in the shape in which it is wound.
- a helix type antenna and its embodiment on an industrial scale have thus been described, which is particularly advantageous. Indeed, due to its design, the antenna object of the invention has a very high degree of reproducibility in its mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics. In addition, due to the design of the propeller-type antenna that is the subject of the invention, an implementation and production method has been defined, which allows production of this type of antenna on an industrial scale with very high reliability criteria.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une antenne de type hélice et son procédé de fabrication.The invention relates to a helix-type antenna and its manufacturing method.
Les antennes de type hélice présentent l'avantage de rayonner une onde électromagnétique en polarisation circulaire de bonne qualité sur une large couverture et avec un lobe d'émission éventuellement formé.The propeller type antennas have the advantage of radiating an electromagnetic wave in good quality circular polarization over a wide coverage and with an emission lobe possibly formed.
Ces caractéristiques rendent celles-ci intéressantes dans de nombreux domaines d'utilisation, et en particulier, dans le cas de liaisons sol/satellite à défilement ou mobiles/relais géostationnaires.These characteristics make them interesting in many fields of use, and in particular, in the case of ground / satellite links with scrolling or mobiles / geostationary relays.
Cependant, ce type d'antenne comporte généralement quatre brins rayonnants qu'il est nécessaire d'alimenter suivant des lois d'amplitude et de phase adéquates. Ainsi qu'on l'a représenté en figure 1a, les quatre brins rayonnants sont enroulés sur un manchon circulaire avec un pas p, selon une ligne directrice du manchon, correspondant à un décalage angulaire de . rd et chaque brin est alimenté à partir d'un signal présentant un déphasage angulaire successif relatif égal à . Pour un brin rayonnant 1 alimenté avec un signal de phase relative nulle, notée 0° sur la figure 1a, les brins rayonnants notés successivement 2, 3, 4 sont alimentés avec des signaux de même amplitude A mais de phase successive relative à -90°, - 180°, - 270°.However, this type of antenna generally comprises four radiating strands which it is necessary to supply according to laws of adequate amplitude and phase. As shown in FIG. 1a, the four radiating strands are wound on a circular sleeve with a pitch p, along a guideline of the sleeve, corresponding to an angular offset of . rd and each strand is supplied from a signal having a relative successive angular phase shift equal to . For a radiating
Afin de réaliser l'alimentation de telles antennes, on a jusqu'à ce jour proposé différentes solutions.In order to supply these antennas, various solutions have been proposed to date.
Selon une première solution, telle que représentée en figure 1b, l'excitation se fait d'abord à travers un coupleur hybride qui sépare l'énergie en deux voies équi-amplitude et déphasées l'une par rapport à l'autre de 90°. Un double symétriseur, logé dans l'axe de l'antenne, permet de passer, pour chacune des deux voies, de la ligne coaxiale aux brins diamétralement opposés. Ces derniers se trouvent donc alimentés par des amplitudes égales et en opposition de phase. L'utilisation d'un symétriseur compensé permet d'ajuster la plage de fréquence de fonctionnement de l'antenne.According to a first solution, as shown in FIG. 1b, the excitation is done firstly through a hybrid coupler which separates the energy into two equal-amplitude channels and phase shifted relative to each other by 90 ° . A double balun, housed in the axis of the antenna, makes it possible to pass, for each of the two channels, from the coaxial line to the diametrically opposite strands. The latter are therefore supplied by equal amplitudes and in phase opposition. Using a compensated balun adjusts the operating frequency range of the antenna.
Selon une deuxième solution, telle que représentée en figure 1c, comme dans le cas de la figure 1b, un coupleur hybride permet de séparer l'énergie en deux voies équi-amplitude et en quadrature de phase.According to a second solution, as shown in FIG. 1c, as in the case of FIG. 1b, a hybrid coupler makes it possible to separate the energy into two equal-amplitude channels and in phase quadrature.
L'énergie est ensuite acheminée au point d'alimentation par deux des brins rayonnants qui sont, en fait, constitués de câbles coaxiaux puis elle se répartit à amplitudes égales et en opposition de phase entre les brins diamétralement opposés, les uns connectés aux âmes des coaxiaux, les autres constitués par la partie externe du blindage des coaxiaux eux-mêmes.The energy is then conveyed to the supply point by two of the radiating strands which are, in fact, made up of coaxial cables then it is distributed at equal amplitudes and in phase opposition between the diametrically opposite strands, some connected to the cores of the coaxial, the others formed by the external part of the shielding of the coaxials themselves.
Cette solution présente par rapport à la précédente, selon la figure 1b, l'avantage de supprimer le symétriseur central, par contre sa caractéristique en fréquence est plus étroite du fait de l'absence de tout réglage.This solution has, compared to the previous one, according to FIG. 1b, the advantage of eliminating the central balun, on the other hand its frequency characteristic is narrower due to the absence of any adjustment.
Selon une troisième solution, ainsi que représentée en figure 1d, la ligne coaxiale d'alimentation est fendue à son extrémité pour constituer un symétriseur. Le répartition de l'énergie en quadrature entre les deux bi-hélices est réalisée en ajustant la longueur, donc la réactance, des brins rayonnants.According to a third solution, as shown in FIG. 1d, the coaxial supply line is split at its end to constitute a balun. The distribution of the energy in quadrature between the two bi-helices is carried out by adjusting the length, therefore the reactance, of the radiating strands.
Cette solution permet, de manière avantageuse, de supprimer le coupleur hybride mais elle nécessite un réglage délicat de la longueur des brins. De plus, ceux-ci étant de longueurs différentes, la géométrie de l'antenne ne présente plus de symétrie de révolution et la réalisation de l'antenne est plus complexe.This solution advantageously makes it possible to eliminate the hybrid coupler, but it requires a delicate adjustment of the length of the strands. In addition, these being of different lengths, the geometry of the antenna no longer exhibits symmetry of revolution and the production of the antenna is more complex.
Selon une quatrième solution, telle que représentée en figure 1e, solution la plus simple d'un point de vue théorique, les quatres brins rayonnants sont alimentés à partir d'un répartiteur.According to a fourth solution, as shown in FIG. 1e, the simplest solution from a theoretical point of view, the four radiating strands are supplied from a distributor.
Ces circuits répartiteurs sont constitués par des éléments discrets qu'il est nécessaire de relier à l'antenne par quatre connexions et il est parfois difficile d'adapter cette solution à la géométrie de l'antenne.These distribution circuits are made up of discrete elements which it is necessary to connect to the antenna by four connections and it is sometimes difficult to adapt this solution to the geometry of the antenna.
Dans tous les cas précités, l'autre extrémité des brins, par rapport à l'extrémité constituant point d'alimentation, est soit en circuit ouvert avec alors une longueur de brins égale à un nombre entier impair de quarts de longueur d'onde, soit un court-circuit avec alors une longueur de brins égale à un nombre entier de demi-longueurs d'onde. En pratique, un véritable circuit ouvert est impossible à réaliser, contrairement à un bon court-circuit. C'est pourquoi les quatre brins sont généralement court-circuités ensemble à l'extrémité opposé au point d'alimentation, ce court-circuit étant réalisé en forme de croix ainsi que représenté en figure 1f.In all the aforementioned cases, the other end of the strands, relative to the end constituting the feed point, is either in open circuit with then a length of strands equal to an odd whole number of quarter wavelengths, or a short circuit with a length of strands equal to an integer number of half-wavelengths. In practice, a true open circuit is impossible to achieve, unlike a good short circuit. This is why the four strands are generally short-circuited together at the end opposite to the supply point, this short-circuit being produced in the form of a cross as shown in FIG. 1f.
La présente invention a pour objet de remédier aux inconvénients précités par la mise en oeuvre d'une structure d'antenne en hélice particulièrement simple.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by using a particularly simple helical antenna structure.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est la mise en oeuvre d'une antenne de type hélice de poids et d'encombrement particulièrement réduits.Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a helix type antenna of particularly reduced weight and size.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est la mise en oeuvre d'une antenne de type hélice d'une très grande reproductibilité de caractéristiques de diagramme de rayonnement.Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a helix type antenna with very high reproducibility of radiation pattern characteristics.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est enfin la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de fabrication d'une antenne de type hélice, particulièrement simple et très facilement adaptable à l'échelle industrielle avec des qualités de reproductibilité et d'automatisation très élevées.Another object of the present invention is finally the implementation of a method of manufacturing a helix type antenna, particularly simple and very easily adaptable on an industrial scale with very high reproducibility and automation qualities.
L'antenne de type hélice, objet de l'invention, comporte au moins un brin rayonnant enroulé en hélice selon une forme de révolution. Elle est remarquable en ce qu'elle comporte un circuit d'alimentation, du ou desdits brins rayonnants, constitué par une ligne de transmission du type ligne à ruban assurant à la fois la fonction de répartition d'alimentation et d'adaptation des brins rayonnants de l'antenne.The antenna of the helix type, object of the invention, comprises at least one radiating strand wound in a helix according to a form of revolution. It is remarkable in that it comprises a supply circuit, of the said radiating strand (s), constituted by a transmission line of the ribbon line type ensuring both the power distribution function and the adaptation of the radiating strands. of the antenna.
Le procédé de fabrication d'une antenne de type hélice conformément à l'objet de l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'il consiste à découper une feuille de circuit imprimé souple double face aux dimensions correspondantes d'un manchon de révolution, sur ledit circuit imprimé, à délimiter une première zone destinée à contenir ladite ligne à ruban et une deuxième zone destinée à contenir lesdits brins rayonnants, sur une première face du circuit imprimé, à supprimer la métallisation au niveau de ladite deuxième zone, ladite métallisation étant maintenue sur la totalité de la première zone pour constituer ledit plan de propagation de référence, sur la deuxième face dudit circuit imprimé, à former par enlèvement de matière, au niveau de la deuxième zone, d'une part, de ladite métallisation selon des zones déterminées lesdits brins rayonnants et ladite zone conductrice annulaire, et au niveau de la première zone d'autre part, une zone conductrice formant avec ledit plan de propagation de référence ladite ligne à ruban, à enrouler la feuille de circuit imprimé, côté plan de propagation de référence ou côté brins sur le manchon, les brins rayonnants étant convenablement orientés.The method of manufacturing a helix-type antenna in accordance with the subject of the invention is remarkable in that it consists in cutting a flexible double-sided printed circuit sheet with the corresponding dimensions of a sleeve of revolution, on said printed circuit, to delimit a first zone intended to contain said ribbon line and a second zone intended to contain said radiating strands, on a first face of the printed circuit, to remove metallization at said second zone, said metallization being maintained over the whole of the first zone to constitute said reference propagation plane, on the second face of said printed circuit, to be formed by removal of material, at the level of the second zone, on the one hand , from said metallization in defined zones, said radiating strands and said annular conductive zone, and at the level of the first zone on the other hand, a conductive zone forming with said reference propagation plane said strip line, for winding the sheet of printed circuit, side of the reference propagation plane or strand side on the sleeve, the radiating strands being suitably oriented.
L'invention trouve application à la fabrication et à la réalisation d'antennes de type hélice utilisées dans les liaisons de télécommunication sol/satellite à défilement ou mobiles/relais géostationnaires, et à la radiolocalistion.The invention finds application in the manufacture and realization of antennas of the propeller type used in ground / satellite telecommunication links with scrolling or mobiles / geostationary relays, and in radiolocation.
Elle sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description et à l'observation des dessins ci-après dans lesquels outre les figures 1a à 1f relatives à l'art antérieur,
- - la figure 2a représente, en développé, une antenne de type hélice conforme à l'objet de la présente invention,
- - la figure 2b représente une vue de face d'une antenne conformément à l'objet de l'invention,
- - la figure 2c représente une coupe selon le plan de coupe AA de la figure 2a,
- - la figure 2d représente un détail de réalisation de la figure 2a,
- - la figure 3 représente en a), b), c), d), les différentes étapes d'un procédé de fabrication d'une antenne conformément à l'objet de l'invention,
- - la figure 4 représente un mode opératoire avantageux de mise en oeuvre du procédé de la figure 3,
- - la figure 5a représente un circuit imprimé développé à plat permettant la mise en oeuvre d'une antenne de type hélice de forme conique,
- - la figure 5b représente une antenne de type hélice de forme conique obtenue à l'aide du circuit imprimé de la figure 5a.
- FIG. 2a represents, in a developed form, a helix type antenna in accordance with the object of the present invention,
- FIG. 2b represents a front view of an antenna in accordance with the subject of the invention,
- FIG. 2c represents a section along the section plane AA of FIG. 2a,
- FIG. 2d represents a detail of embodiment of FIG. 2a,
- FIG. 3 represents in a), b), c), d), the different steps of a method of manufacturing an antenna in accordance with the object of the invention,
- FIG. 4 represents an advantageous operating mode for implementing the method of FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5a represents a printed circuit developed flat allowing the use of a conical-type helix-type antenna,
- - Figure 5b shows a helical type antenna of conical shape obtained using the printed circuit of Figure 5a.
L'antenne objet de l'invention est une antenne de type hélice comportant au moins un brin rayonnant enroulé en hélice selon une forme de révolution.The antenna object of the invention is a helix type antenna comprising at least one radiating strand wound in a helix according to a form of revolution.
Elle sera tout d'abord décrite en liaison avec les figures 2a, 2b et 2c, la forme de révolution étant cylindrique.It will first be described in connection with Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, the shape of revolution being cylindrical.
Conformément aux figures précitées, l'antenne de type hélice selon l'invention comprend au moins un brin rayonnant noté 11, 12, 13 ou 14 enroulé en hélice selon une forme circulaire autour d'un manchon 1 par exemple. Sur la figure 2a, laquelle représente en développé l'antenne selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, on a représenté en pointillé le manchon 1 sur lequel l'antenne est normalement enroulée pour constituer l'antenne effectivement obtenue telle que représentée en figure 2b.In accordance with the above figures, the helix type antenna according to the invention comprises at least one radiating strand denoted 11, 12, 13 or 14 wound in a helix in a circular shape around a
Conformément à une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'antenne de type hélice objet de l'invention, celle-ci comporte un circuit d'alimentation noté 2 du ou des brins rayonnants. Ce circuit est constitué par une ligne de transmission du type ligne à ruban notée 20. La ligne à ruban 20 assure à la fois la fonction de répartition d'alimentation et d'adaptation d'impédance des brins rayonnants de l'antenne.According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the antenna of the propeller type which is the subject of the invention, the latter comprises a supply circuit denoted 2 of the radiating strand (s). This circuit consists of a transmission line of the ribbon line type denoted 20. The
Dans le mode de réalisation particulier représenté en figures 2a, 2b et 2c, l'antenne de type hélice objet de l'invention comporte quatre brins rayonnants notés 11, 12, 13 et 14. Chaque brin rayonnant est constitué par une zone métallisée en forme de bande enroulée en hélice sur la surface latérale du manchon 1. Chaque bande constituant les brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14 est distante de la suivante selon une ligne directrice du manchon 1 d'une distance P déterminée. Ainsi, comme représenté en figure 2b, les brins rayonnants sont inclinés d'un angle α par rapport à toute ligne directrice du manchon 1 et se trouvent ainsi enroulés en hélice.In the particular embodiment represented in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c, the helix-type antenna object of the invention comprises four radiating strands denoted 11, 12, 13 and 14. Each radiating strand is constituted by a metallized zone in shape of strip wound in a helix on the lateral surface of the
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse du circuit d'alimentation 2, la ligne de transmission 20 constituant ce dernier peut avantageusement être constituée par une ligne à méandre notée 200 sur les figures 2a et 2b. Chaque brin rayonnant 11, 12 13 et 14 est au niveau de son point d'alimentation noté 110, 120, 130, 140 ou extrémité d'entrée, connecté en contact électrique avec la bande constituant la ligne à méandre 200. Selon une caractéristique avantageuse du circuit d'alimentation de l'antenne objet de l'invention, la distance électrique sur la ligne à méandre entre deux points d'entrée de deux brins rayonnants consécutifs, points d'entrée tels que 110, 120, 130 et 140 est égale à un multiple impair de quart de longueur d'onde du signal d'émission-réception se propageant dans la ligne à ruban considérée.According to an advantageous characteristic of the
Dans ces conditions, et en particulier dans le cas où le multiple impair de quarts de longueur d'onde est égal à 1, chaque point d'alimentation ou point d'entrée 110, 120, 130 et 140 des brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14 se trouve alimenté par des signaux d'amplitude égale, respectivement déphasés de π /2 rd, c'est-à-dire dans les condiditions d'alimentation telles que représentées en figure 1a.Under these conditions, and in particular in the case where the odd multiple of quarter-wavelengths is equal to 1, each feed point or
La fonction adaptation des brins rayonnants peut avantageusement être réalisée par l'utilisation de tronçons de ligne 201, 202, 203, 204, de largeur variable, constituant ainsi la ligne 20, ainsi que représenté en figure 2d, et par les tronçons 110 à 112, 120 à 122, 130 à 132 et 140 à 142 des brins rayonnants.The adaptation function of the radiating strands can advantageously be achieved by the use of
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'antenne de type hélice objet de l'invention, l'extrémité des brins opposés aux extrémités d'entrée 110, 120, 130, 140, extrémité notée 111, 121,131, 141 sur les figures 2a et 2b est avantageusement connecté en court-circuit à une même zone conductrice annulaire 100. Ainsi qu'on le comprendra aisément, en fonction des conditions de phase du signal d'alimentation au point d'entrée 110, 120, 130, 140 de chaque brin rayonnant 11, 12, 13, 14, l'une des extrémités d'un des brins rayonnants 111, 121, 131, 141 se trouve nécessairement en court-circuit, c'est-à-dire avec une amplitude de champ électrique nul et toutes les extrémités opposées 111, 121, 131, 141 de par la connexion à la zone conductrice, se trouvent ainsi en court-circuit. La zone conductrice annulaire 100 impose ainsi un court-circuit sur l'extrémité des quatres brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14.According to another advantageous characteristic of the helix-type antenna object of the invention, the end of the strands opposite the input ends 110, 120, 130, 140, end noted 111, 121, 131, 141 in FIGS. 2a and 2b is advantageously connected in short circuit to the same annular
Ainsi qu'on l'a en outre représenté sur la figure 2c, selon une coupe suivant le plan de coupe AA de la figure 2a, la ligne à ruban 200 constituant le circuit d'alimentation 2 comprend une feuille de matériau diélectrique 2000, dont une première face destinée à être appliquée sur la surface latérale du manchon 1 est entièrement métallisée, pour constituer un plan de propagation de référence noté 2001. Une deuxième face de la feuille de matériau diélectrique 2000 opposée à la première face comporte une bande métallique 2002, formant avec la première face métallisée 2001, la ligne à ruban 20.As has also been shown in Figure 2c, in a section along the section plane AA of Figure 2a, the
Ainsi qu'on l'a en outre représenté en figure 2c, et de manière particulièrement avantageuse, le circuit d'alimentation 2 constitué par une ligne à ruban 20, des brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14 et la zone conductrice annulaire 100 en court-circuit sont formés sur une même feuille de matériau diélectrique.As has also been shown in FIG. 2c, and in a particularly advantageous manner, the
Sur la figure 2b, on a représenté une vue de face de l'antenne obtenue après montage, c'est-à-dire après enroulement de la feuille de matériau diélectrique 2000, munie de ses différentes zones conductrices autour du manchon 1.FIG. 2b shows a front view of the antenna obtained after mounting, that is to say after winding of the sheet of
Un procédé de réalisation d'une antenne de type hélice conformément à l'objet de l'invention sera décrit en liaison avec les figures 3 et 4, et en particulier avec la figure 3 aux points a, b, c, d, de celle-ci.A method of producing a helix-type antenna in accordance with the object of the invention will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 3 and 4, and in particular with FIG. 3 at points a, b, c, d, of that -this.
Afin de réaliser à l'échelle industrielle une antenne de type hélice conforme à l'objet de l'invention, le procédé de réalisation peut consister, ainsi que représenté au point a) de la figure 3, à découper une feuille 10 de circuit imprimé souple, double face, les double faces étant notées 101, 102 et pourvues d'une métallisation, aux dimensions correspondantes pour un manchon cylindrique 1 de dimension donnée. Bien entendu, la feuille de circuit imprimé pourra être constituée par une feuille de grande qualité, dont la feuille de matériau diélectrique 2000 est constituée par exemple par une feuille de matériau plastique tel que le kapton ou le polytétrafluoréthylène armé de verre.In order to produce on an industrial scale an antenna of the helix type in accordance with the object of the invention, the production method may consist, as shown in point a) of FIG. 3, of cutting a
Ainsi que représenté en outre au point a) de la figure 3, le procédé peut alors consister à délimiter sur la feuille de circuit imprimé 10 une première zone notée I destinée à contenir ladite ligne à ruban et une deuxième zone notée II destinée à contenir les brins rayonnants.As also represented in point a) of FIG. 3, the method can then consist in delimiting on the printed circuit sheet 10 a first zone denoted I intended to contain said ribbon line and a second zone denoted II intended to contain the radiant strands.
Ainsi que représenté sur la figure 3 au point b) de celle-ci, le mode de réalisation consiste alors à supprimer sur une première face du circuit imprimé 10, en particulier au niveau de la deuxième zone notée II, la métallisation 101 par exemple, cette même métallisation 101 étant maintenue sur la totalité de la première zone de la même face pour constituer le plan de propagation de référence noté 2001.As shown in FIG. 3 in point b) thereof, the embodiment then consists in removing on a first face of the printed
Ainsi qu'on l'a représenté en outre au point c) de la figure 3, le mode de réalisation consiste alors à former par enlèvement de matière sur la deuxième face du circuit imprimé 10 au niveau de la deuxième zone d'une part, de la métallisation 102, selon des zones déterminées, les brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14 et la zone conductrice annulaire 100. De la même façon, au niveau de la première zone d'autre part, est alors formée une zone conductrice constituant avec le plan de propagation de référence 2001, la ligne à ruban 20. La zone conductrice précitée peut alors être constituée par une zone conductrice notée 200 constituant la ligne à méandre.As has also been shown in point c) of FIG. 3, the embodiment then consists in forming by removing material on the second face of the printed
Ainsi que représenté au point d) de la figure 3, la feuille ainsi obtenue en figure 3c, munie de ses différentes zones conductrices, est ensuite enroulée sur le manchon 1, le côté plan de propagation de référence 2001 ou le côté brins étant plaqué sur la surface latérale du manchon 1. Le manchon peut alors être rétiré ou non. Bien entendu, les brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14 sont convenablement orientés.As shown in point d) of FIG. 3, the sheet thus obtained in FIG. 3c, provided with its various conductive zones, is then wound on the
Les différentes étapes représentées en figure 3 aux points a, b, c,) de celle-ci, sont de manière classique avantageuse, réalisées par masquage, insolation puis attaque chimique. Bien entendu, l'étape représentée au point c de la figure 3 peut avantageusement être réalisée au moyen d'un seul et même masque.The different steps shown in Figure 3 at points a, b, c,) thereof, are conventionally advantageous, carried out by masking, exposure and chemical attack. Of course, the step shown in point c of Figure 3 can advantageously be achieved by means of a single mask.
De manière avantageuse, l'étape consistant à découper la feuille de circuit imprimé 10 souple double face aux dimensions correspondantes du manchon cylindrique 1, peut avantageusement être réalisée par estampage à partir d'un outil de découpe approprié.Advantageously, the step consisting in cutting the flexible printed
Ainsi qu'on l'a représenté en outre en figure 4, de manière avantageuse, le découpage de la feuille de circuit imprimé double face 10, aux dimensions correspondant à celles du manchon 1 peut consister par exemple à découper la feuille précitée selon un contour dont la forme correspond à celle d'un rectangle dont la longueur L correspond au périmètre de la section du manchon 1, et dont la largeur l a une valeur déterminée. En outre, cette forme comporte un parallélogramme superposé sur le rectangle précité. Ce parallélogramme comprend un petit côté noté a, lequel correspond à la longueur L du rectangle précité, et dont la hauteur h est telle que la largeur l du rectangle augmentée de la hauteur h du parallélogramme soit égale à la hauteur H du manchon 1, ainsi qu'on l'a représenté en figure 4, le manchon 1 en dimension sensiblement correspondante étant représenté au droit de la feuille de circuit imprimé découpé. Bien entendu, l'angle du parallélogramme correspond à l'angle d'enroulement en hélice des brins rayonnants sur le manchon 1, les brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14, étant alors formés, ainsi que décrit précédemment, parallèlement aux côtés correspondants du parallélogramme précité.As has also been shown in FIG. 4, advantageously, the cutting of the double-sided printed
Après enroulement de l'antenne, il est nécessaire d'assurer le contact électrique des extrémités 101, 102 de la zone annulaire 100 par soudure ou rivetage ou collage avec une colle conductrice. Un connecteur adéquat 30 peut alors être mis en place à l'extrémité 25 de la ligne 20 par une technique classique, telle que vissage, pinçage, soudage ou collage.After winding the antenna, it is necessary to ensure the electrical contact of the
L'antenne de type hélice objet de l'invention peut également, ainsi que représenté en figures 5a et 5b, comporter au moins un brin rayonnant 11, 12, 13, 14 enroulé en hélice selon une forme de révolution conique.The propeller type antenna object of the invention may also, as shown in Figures 5a and 5b, include at least one strand radiating 11, 12, 13, 14 wound in a helix according to a form of conical revolution.
Sur la figure 5a, on a représenté la forme développée à plat du circuit imprimé, lequel correspond au manchon de forme conique utilisé.In Figure 5a, there is shown the flat developed form of the printed circuit, which corresponds to the conical sleeve used.
Le procédé objet de l'invention en ses différentes étapes de gravure du circuit d'alimentation 200, des brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13, 14 et du court-circuit final éventuel 100 peut, bien entendu, s'appliquer à toute antenne de forme développable et, en particulier, aux antennes hélices de forme conique.The process which is the subject of the invention in its various stages of etching the
Ces dernières présentent par rapport aux antennes de forme cylindrique une polarisation circulaire de meilleure qualité dans la couverture et un rayonnement arrière, côté connecteur, plus faibles. Par contre, leur encombrement est plus important, à fréquence égale, et le circuit développé présente une forme plus complexe, ainsi que l'indique la figure 5a.Compared to cylindrical antennas, the latter have lower circular polarization of better quality and lower radiation on the connector side. On the other hand, their bulk is greater, at equal frequency, and the developed circuit has a more complex shape, as indicated in FIG. 5a.
Le procédé de réalisation ne diffère de celui des antennes hélices cylindriques que par la forme particulière du circuit développé, et par la forme suivant laquelle celui-ci est enroulé.The production method differs from that of cylindrical helix antennas only in the particular shape of the developed circuit, and in the shape in which it is wound.
On a ainsi décrit une antenne de type hélice et son mode de réalisation à l'échelle industrielle, particulièrement avantageux. En effet, de part sa conception, l'antenne objet de l'invention présente un très grand degré de reproductibilité dans ses caractéristiques tant mécaniques que électromagnétiques. En outre, de part la conception de l'antenne de type hélice objet de l'invention, un procédé de mise en oeuvre et de réalisation a pu être défini, lequel permet une production de ce type d'antenne à l'échelle industrielle avec de très grands critères de fiabilité.A helix type antenna and its embodiment on an industrial scale have thus been described, which is particularly advantageous. Indeed, due to its design, the antenna object of the invention has a very high degree of reproducibility in its mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics. In addition, due to the design of the propeller-type antenna that is the subject of the invention, an implementation and production method has been defined, which allows production of this type of antenna on an industrial scale with very high reliability criteria.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT88403145T ATE86413T1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1988-12-09 | HElix-TYPE ANTENNA AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8717218A FR2624656B1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1987-12-10 | PROPELLER-TYPE ANTENNA AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
FR8717218 | 1987-12-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0320404A1 true EP0320404A1 (en) | 1989-06-14 |
EP0320404B1 EP0320404B1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=9357724
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP88403145A Expired - Lifetime EP0320404B1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1988-12-09 | Helix-type antenna and its manufacturing process |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5134422A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0320404B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0758858B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE86413T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1291560C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3878862T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2038328T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2624656B1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3878862D1 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
ES2038328T3 (en) | 1993-07-16 |
JPH01264003A (en) | 1989-10-20 |
CA1291560C (en) | 1991-10-29 |
FR2624656A1 (en) | 1989-06-16 |
ATE86413T1 (en) | 1993-03-15 |
FR2624656B1 (en) | 1990-05-18 |
DE3878862T2 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
EP0320404B1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
JPH0758858B2 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
US5134422A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
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