EP0274074B1 - Feeding radiator for a communications antenna - Google Patents
Feeding radiator for a communications antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0274074B1 EP0274074B1 EP87118255A EP87118255A EP0274074B1 EP 0274074 B1 EP0274074 B1 EP 0274074B1 EP 87118255 A EP87118255 A EP 87118255A EP 87118255 A EP87118255 A EP 87118255A EP 0274074 B1 EP0274074 B1 EP 0274074B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- source
- source according
- transition
- circular
- traps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0266—Waveguide horns provided with a flange or a choke
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an illumination source for a telecommunications antenna.
- the sources of illumination with conventional traps which have the advantage of being more economical to produce are of low directivity but sufficient to illuminate a reflector of the parabolic type. They are made up of parts with an axis of symmetry (circular guide, trap, etc.) and must be supplied by a standard rectangular waveguide. This feeding is carried out by a transition either continuous or by step.
- a French patent application published under the number 2 096 684 describes a device for coupling a circular waveguide to a parabolic reflector of revolution which comprises a circular guide, excited according to TE11 mode, a first end of which is at the focus of this reflector, and the other end of which is connected to a rectangular waveguide.
- An incomplete cylindrical annular cavity surrounds the first end of the guide.
- a transition element formed of a series of waveguide sections of gradually varying shapes and dimensions, connects to the rectangular waveguide. But a continuous transition must be long to have good adaptation characteristics.
- a step transition as described in the document cited above, makes it possible to reduce the length but is difficult to manufacture by technologies at low cost.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
- Such a source has the great advantage of being a broadband illumination source (10.7 - 12.75 GHz) designed to illuminate an antenna reflector and this, with very high level radio performance, mechanical performance and climatic conditions that meet very severe requirements and whose industrial development calls for economic technologies.
- the invention makes it possible, in fact, to produce, by molding, a fully integrated part and therefore has a much lower cost compared to the sources of the prior art obtained by electroforming or EDM.
- the source 10 according to the invention is a guide which, at its first end, has a circular opening 11, and, at its other end, has a rectangular opening 12.
- This source will be described more precisely going from its first end to its second end.
- the part 28 external to the source corresponds to the place where the material is poured between two forms used for molding.
- the moldable material is a dielectric material
- a metallization step for example with nickel.
- a supply system of moldable material allows the part to be filled inside the molding tools.
- a system of movable parts for ejecting the molded part makes it possible to extract this part from the molds without deforming it, thus retaining all of its geometric characteristics.
- the invention has the great advantage of requiring no rework in machining.
- its radioelectric design and its manufacturing process are suitable for the medium series, even the large series, and thus make it possible to reach low price levels.
- Such a production method also allows the integration, without additional cost, of a pressurization nozzle.
- a protective radome can be fixed on the opening plane of the circular part 13: It can thus oppose the penetration of runoff water into the source. It is also used to plug the source when it is pressurized.
- this source 10 Due to the traps 14 and 15, this source 10 has a well symmetrical radiation pattern: of the order of - 10 dB around 50 °.
- Such a source has a very good standing wave ratio (ROS) of the order of 1.07 for frequencies varying from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz, whether made of metallized epoxy or aluminum.
- ROS standing wave ratio
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne une source d'illumination pour antenne de télécommunications.The present invention relates to an illumination source for a telecommunications antenna.
Le développement des télécommunications, notamment par satellite (Réception et Emission de données, Réception TV) exige des antennes d'excellentes performances.The development of telecommunications, in particular by satellite (Reception and Transmission of data, Reception TV) requires antennas of excellent performances.
Pour assurer ces performances d'ensemble, il faut une source d'illumination à symétrie de révolution et ayant de bonnes caractéristiques de polarisation.To ensure these overall performances, an illumination source with symmetry of revolution and having good polarization characteristics is required.
Néanmoins, la multiplication des utilisateurs potentiels amène à concevoir des produits au coût très bas.However, the multiplication of potential users leads to the design of very low cost products.
Les sources d'illumination classiques, offrant des diagrammes avec une bonne symétrie de révolution du type cornet corrugué présentent l'inconvénient d'être très coûteuses à réaliser.Conventional sources of illumination, offering diagrams with good symmetry of revolution of the corrugated horn type, have the drawback of being very expensive to produce.
Les sources d'illumination à pièges classiques qui présentent l'avantage d'être plus économiques à réaliser sont à directivité faible mais suffisante pour illuminer un réflecteur de type parabolique. Elles sont constituées de pièces présentant un axe de symétrie (guide circulaire, piège....) et doivent être alimentées par un guide d'onde rectangulaire standard. Cette alimentation est réalisée par une transition soit continue, soit par pas.The sources of illumination with conventional traps which have the advantage of being more economical to produce are of low directivity but sufficient to illuminate a reflector of the parabolic type. They are made up of parts with an axis of symmetry (circular guide, trap, etc.) and must be supplied by a standard rectangular waveguide. This feeding is carried out by a transition either continuous or by step.
Ainsi une demande de brevet d'invention français publiée sous le numéro 2 096 684 décrit un dispositif de couplage d'un guide d'onde circulaire à un réflecteur parabolique de révolution qui comprend un guide circulaire, excité selon le mode TE11 dont une première extrémité se trouve au foyer de ce réflecteur, et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un guide d'onde rectangulaire. Une cavité annulaire cylindrique incomplète entoure la première extrémité du guide. Un élément de transition, formé d'une suite de tronçons de guide d'onde de formes et de dimensions variant progressivement, réalise la liaison avec le guide d'onde rectangulaire.
Mais une transition continue doit être longue pour avoir de bonnes caractéristiques d'adaptation. Une transition par pas, telle que décrite dans le document cité plus haut, permet de réduire la longueur mais est difficile à fabriquer par des technologies à faible coût.Thus a French patent application published under the number 2 096 684 describes a device for coupling a circular waveguide to a parabolic reflector of revolution which comprises a circular guide, excited according to TE11 mode, a first end of which is at the focus of this reflector, and the other end of which is connected to a rectangular waveguide. An incomplete cylindrical annular cavity surrounds the first end of the guide. A transition element, formed of a series of waveguide sections of gradually varying shapes and dimensions, connects to the rectangular waveguide.
But a continuous transition must be long to have good adaptation characteristics. A step transition, as described in the document cited above, makes it possible to reduce the length but is difficult to manufacture by technologies at low cost.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
Elle propose à cet effet une source d'illumination pour antenne de télécommunication comprenant :
- une partie rayonnante ayant une ouverture circulaire ;
- une transition formée de tronçons de guide d'onde variant progressivement ;
- une bride de liaison à un guide rectangulaire ;
- a radiating part having a circular opening;
- a transition formed by gradually varying waveguide sections;
- a connection flange to a rectangular guide;
Une telle source présente le grand avantage d'être une source d'illumination large bande (10,7 - 12,75 GHz) conçue pour éclairer un réflecteur d'antenne et ce, avec des performances radioélectriques de très haut niveau, des performances mécaniques et climatiques satisfaisant à des exigences très sévères et dont le développement industriel fait appel à des technologies économiques. L'invention permet, en effet, de réaliser, par moulage, une pièce entièrement intégrée et présente donc un coût bien moindre par rapport aux sources de l'art antérieur obtenues par électroformage ou électroérosion.Such a source has the great advantage of being a broadband illumination source (10.7 - 12.75 GHz) designed to illuminate an antenna reflector and this, with very high level radio performance, mechanical performance and climatic conditions that meet very severe requirements and whose industrial development calls for economic technologies. The invention makes it possible, in fact, to produce, by molding, a fully integrated part and therefore has a much lower cost compared to the sources of the prior art obtained by electroforming or EDM.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées sur lesquelles :
- la figure 1 représente une vue moitié en coupe, moitié en élévation de la source selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe transversale, selon le plan II-II de la figure 1, de la source selon l'invention ;
- la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe transversale, selon le plan III-III de la figure 1, de la source selon l'invention.
- Figure 1 shows a half sectional view, half in elevation of the source according to the invention;
- 2 shows a cross-sectional view, along the plane II-II of Figure 1, of the source according to the invention;
- 3 shows a cross-sectional view, along the plane III-III of Figure 1, of the source according to the invention.
La source 10 selon l'invention est un guide qui, à sa première extrémité, possède une ouverture circulaire 11, et, à son autre extrémité, possède une ouverture rectangulaire 12.The
Elle comprend :
- une partie rayonnante 13 munie de deux pièges 14 et 15 et de l'ouverture 11 dont le diamètre détermine la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
- une
transition 16 entre cettepartie 13 et un guide d'onde rectangulaire standard, non représenté sur la figure, qui permet le raccordement à une tête hyperfréquence ; - une
bride 17, qui termine cettetransition 16, qui permet la liaison à ce guide rectangulaire.
- a
radiating part 13 provided with two traps 14 and 15 and with the opening 11 whose diameter determines the operating frequency; - a
transition 16 between thispart 13 and a rectangular waveguide standard, not shown in the figure, which allows connection to a microwave head; - a
flange 17, which ends thistransition 16, which allows the connection to this rectangular guide.
Cette source sera décrite de manière plus précise en allant de sa première extrémité à sa deuxième extrémité.This source will be described more precisely going from its first end to its second end.
Extérieurement cette source 10 comprend :
- une collerette cylindrique 21, située dans un endroit poche de cette première extrémité, dont l'axe est l'axe de symétrie Δ de la
source 10 et qui est munie sur sa face située du côté de la première ouverture de deux sillons circulaires concentriques 14 et 15 qui réalisent les deux pièges ; - deux
collerettes 18 et 19 cylindriques concentriques situées dans sa partie médiane, dont l'axe est l'axe de symétrie Δ de lasource 10, ces collerettes étant des collerettes de fixation de lasource 10 dans son support ; - un embout de
pressurisation 20 ; - la bride de
raccordement 17 située à la deuxième extrémité de lasource 10.
- a
cylindrical collar 21, located in a pocket location of this first end, the axis of which is the axis of symmetry Δ of thesource 10 and which is provided on its face situated on the side of the first opening with two concentric circular grooves 14 and 15 which perform the two traps; - two concentric
18 and 19 located in its middle part, whose axis is the axis of symmetry Δ of thecylindrical flanges source 10, these flanges being flanges for fixing thesource 10 in its support; - a
pressurization nozzle 20; - the
connection flange 17 located at the second end of thesource 10.
Intérieurement cette source 10 comprend six pas 22, 23, 24, 25, 25 et 27 symétriques par rapport à deux plans P1 et P2 de coupe perpendiculaires et dont la taille va en diminuant progressivement à partir de l'ouverture circulaire 11 pour atteindre celle de la deuxième extrémité rectangulaire 12. Elle comprend donc :
- deux
premiers pas 22 et 23 en guide circulaire ; - trois
24, 25 et 26 en guide rectangulaire dont les coins auraient été arrondis ;pas - un
dernier pas 27 en guide rectangulaire.
- first two
22 and 23 in circular guide;steps - three
24, 25 and 26 in a rectangular guide whose corners have been rounded;steps - a
last step 27 in rectangular guide.
La partie 28 extérieure à la source correspond à l'endroit où on coule la matière entre deux formes servant au moulage.The
En effet, cette source peut être réalisée selon un procédé de fabrication comprenant :
- le coulage d'une matière moulable, par exemple un alliage d'aluminium, ou un matériau diélectrique tel qu'une résine époxy, dans un moule formé de deux formes accolées ;
- le séchage de cette matière ;
- le démoulage.
- the casting of a moldable material, for example an aluminum alloy, or a dielectric material such as an epoxy resin, in a mold formed of two joined shapes;
- drying of this material;
- demolding.
Dans le cas où la matière moulable est un matériau diélectrique, il y a ensuite une étape de métallisation par exemple avec du nickel.In the case where the moldable material is a dielectric material, there is then a metallization step, for example with nickel.
Les outils de moulage sont, par exemple, réalisés dans un acier spécial. Ils comportent plusieurs parties mobiles dont les principales sont :
- deux formes symétriques dont le plan longitudinal de jonction contient l'axe Δ de révolution de la source selon l'invention ;
- un noyau central dont la forme mâle reproduit fidèlement le guide d'onde cylindrique suivi de la transition rectiligne.
- two symmetrical shapes, the longitudinal junction plane of which contains the axis Δ of revolution of the source according to the invention;
- a central nucleus whose male form faithfully reproduces the cylindrical waveguide followed by the rectilinear transition.
Selon le procédé de moulage choisi, un système d'alimentation en matière moulable (aluminium ou époxy par exemple) permet le remplissage de la pièce à l'intérieur des outils de moulage.Depending on the molding process chosen, a supply system of moldable material (aluminum or epoxy for example) allows the part to be filled inside the molding tools.
Un système de pièces mobiles d'éjection de la pièce moulée, connu de l'homme de l'art, permet d'extraire cette pièce des moules sans la déformer, conservant ainsi toutes ses caractéristiques géométriques.A system of movable parts for ejecting the molded part, known to those skilled in the art, makes it possible to extract this part from the molds without deforming it, thus retaining all of its geometric characteristics.
L'invention présente le grand avantage de ne nécessiter aucune reprise en usinage. De plus sa conception radioélectrique et son procédé de fabrication sont adaptés à la moyenne série, voire la grande série, et permettent ainsi d'atteindre des niveaux de prix peu élevés. Un tel procédé de réalisation autorise, de plus, l'intégration sans surcoût d'un embout de pressurisation.The invention has the great advantage of requiring no rework in machining. In addition, its radioelectric design and its manufacturing process are suitable for the medium series, even the large series, and thus make it possible to reach low price levels. Such a production method also allows the integration, without additional cost, of a pressurization nozzle.
Un radôme de protection peut être fixé sur le plan d'ouverture de la partie circulaire 13 : Il peut, ainsi, s'opposer à la pénétration d'eau de ruissellement dans la source. Il sert également à boucher la source lorsqu'elle est pressurisée.A protective radome can be fixed on the opening plane of the circular part 13: It can thus oppose the penetration of runoff water into the source. It is also used to plug the source when it is pressurized.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, la source d'illumination 10, objet de l'invention, est constituée :
- d'une ouverture circulaire 11 de diamètre 1,2λ, entourée de deux pièges 14 et 15 d'épaisseur 0,085λ situés en arrière de l'ouverture, elles-mêmes espacées de 0,085 λ , λ étant la longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence moyenne dans la bande utile (± 15 % autour de la fréquence moyenne) ;
- d'une transition rectiligne par pas comprenant successivement deux pas en guide circulaire puis quatre pas en guide rectangulaire à bouts éventuellement arrondis (6 pas de
- a circular opening 11 of diameter 1.2λ, surrounded by two traps 14 and 15 of thickness 0.085λ situated behind the opening, themselves spaced apart by 0.085 λ, λ being the wavelength corresponding to the average frequency in the useful band (± 15% around the average frequency);
- of a rectilinear transition in steps comprising successively two steps in circular guide then four steps in rectangular guide with possibly rounded ends (6 steps of
On obtient donc par exemple :
- une ouverture circulaire 11 de 31,5 millimètres de diamètre ;
- une ouverture rectangulaire 12 de 9,9 mm x 19,2 mm ;
- une longueur de 76,2 mm.
- a circular opening 11 of 31.5 millimeters in diameter;
- a
rectangular opening 12 of 9.9 mm x 19.2 mm; - a length of 76.2 mm.
Du fait des pièges 14 et 15, cette source 10 a un diagramme de rayonnement bien symétrique : de l'ordre de - 10 dB aux environs de 50°.Due to the traps 14 and 15, this
Une telle source a un très bon rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) de l'ordre de 1,07 pour des fréquences variant de 10,7 à 12,75 GHz, qu'elle soit réalisée en époxy métallisé ou en aluminium.Such a source has a very good standing wave ratio (ROS) of the order of 1.07 for frequencies varying from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz, whether made of metallized epoxy or aluminum.
L'invention permet d'obtenir une source rayonnante très compacte et directement raccordable à un guide rectangulaire standard. Elle permet, en outre, de réaliser la pièce par des moyens technologiques très économiques tels que :
- moulage d'alliage aluminium ;
- moulage de résines époxy métallisables ;
- électroformage à noyau non destructible ;
- électroérosion.
- aluminum alloy molding;
- molding of metallizable epoxy resins;
- electroforming with non-destructible core;
- EDM.
Des sources d'illumination conformes à l'invention peuvent être réalisées selon des technologies de fabrication en série, par exemple :
- en moulage d'alliage aluminium en coquille de précision ;
- en moulage résine époxy avec une métallisation par exemple au nickel.
- in aluminum alloy casting in precision shell;
- in epoxy resin molding with metallization, for example nickel.
Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
- A telecommunications-antenna illumination source, comprising:- a radiating portion (13) having a circular aperture (11),- a transition (16) formed by progressively varying waveguide sections,- a connection flange (17) which provides coupling with a rectangular waveguide,characterized in that said source (10) is made of moldable material, in that the radiating portion (13) is formed by a annular collar (21) provided with at least two concentric grooves forming two traps (14, 15), and in that said source (10) includes means (18, 19) for fixing it in a support.
- A source according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular collar (21) of the radiating portion is cylindrical.
- A source according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing means comprise two concentric cylindrical flanges (18, 19) having different diameters and being disposed in the outer middle area of the source.
- A source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with an integrated pressurization nipple (20).
- A source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition includes at least two circular transitions (22, 23) followed by at least two transitions of rectangular shape (26, 27).
- A source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circular opening (11) has a diameter of 1.2 λ surrounded by two traps (14, 15) having a thickness of 0,085 λ and located behind the aperture, said traps in turn being relatively spaced apart at a distance of 0,085 λ , where λ is the wavelength corresponding to a mean frequency in the useful band, and that the transition comprises successively six steps (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) of λg/4, where λg is the wavelength of the guided wave.
- A source according to claim 6, characterized in that the transition comprises successively:- two steps forming circular waveguides (22, 23),- three steps forming rectangular waveguides (24, 25, 26) with rounded corners, and- one step forming a rectangular waveguide (27).
- A source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the source is manufactured from aluminium alloy.
- A source according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the source is manufactured from dielectric material which has been metal-coated.
- A source according to claim 9, characterized in that the dielectric material is epoxy resin.
- A source according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the source is coated with nickel.
- A method of manufacturing a source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that molding tools made of steel are employed, which include:- two symmetrical forms, whose longitudinal joint plane contains the axis of revolution (Δ) of the source, and- a central core.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8617210 | 1986-12-09 | ||
FR8617210A FR2607968B1 (en) | 1986-12-09 | 1986-12-09 | SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANTENNA |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0274074A2 EP0274074A2 (en) | 1988-07-13 |
EP0274074A3 EP0274074A3 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
EP0274074B1 true EP0274074B1 (en) | 1992-07-08 |
Family
ID=9341706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87118255A Expired - Lifetime EP0274074B1 (en) | 1986-12-09 | 1987-12-09 | Feeding radiator for a communications antenna |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4929962A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0274074B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63161705A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3780287T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2607968B1 (en) |
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- 1987-12-09 EP EP87118255A patent/EP0274074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-09 DE DE8787118255T patent/DE3780287T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-09 US US07/130,593 patent/US4929962A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3780287T2 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
DE3780287D1 (en) | 1992-08-13 |
US4929962A (en) | 1990-05-29 |
EP0274074A3 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
EP0274074A2 (en) | 1988-07-13 |
FR2607968A1 (en) | 1988-06-10 |
JPS63161705A (en) | 1988-07-05 |
FR2607968B1 (en) | 1989-02-03 |
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