EP0243289A1 - Plate antenna with two crossed polarizations - Google Patents
Plate antenna with two crossed polarizations Download PDFInfo
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- EP0243289A1 EP0243289A1 EP87460007A EP87460007A EP0243289A1 EP 0243289 A1 EP0243289 A1 EP 0243289A1 EP 87460007 A EP87460007 A EP 87460007A EP 87460007 A EP87460007 A EP 87460007A EP 0243289 A1 EP0243289 A1 EP 0243289A1
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- Prior art keywords
- doublets
- center
- elementary
- plates
- antenna
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plate antenna with double crossed polarizations, these antennas being in particular provided for forming networks operating in the frequency band going from a few hundred MHz to a few tens of GHz.
- the arrays of elementary plate antennas made up of folded doublets with thick supplied strand produced using printed circuits are particularly suitable for the emission or reception of radioelectric signals in the 12 GHz band.
- Such a network is described in patent FR-A-2 487 588.
- a network antenna with symmetry of revolution intended more particularly for the transmission of terrestrial broadcasting signals in the 12 GHz band is also described in the French patent application No. 85 08840 filed June 10, 1985 in the joint names of the applicants and entitled "cylindrical omnidirectional antenna.” This antenna has, in azimuth, an omnidirectional radiation pattern and, in elevation, a much narrower pattern.
- An object of the invention is to provide an elementary plate antenna based on the operation of the folded doublets with thick strands supplied and produced in printed circuits which is capable of receiving, but possibly also of emitting, electromagnetic waves of any polarization, c '' ie left elliptical or right elliptical, in the 12 GHz band. More particularly, the elliptical polarization can, at the limit, be circular or degenerate in rectilinear. Such an antenna, known as double crossed polarization, is intended to be used in a network capable of receiving signals broadcast by satellite with a right or left circular polarization.
- an elementary antenna is provided, the radiating part of which is formed of two radiating doublets folded with similar thick strands located in the same plane and orthogonal, the slots between the strands supplied with doublets crossing at the center of the elementary antenna.
- the doublets of the elementary antenna are respectively associated with central conductors of triplate lines which are orthogonal with their projections crossing under the center of the antenna, each triplate line being constituted by the plates of a doublet , on the one hand, a reflector, on the other hand, and between the plates and the reflector the central conductor, the reflector being common to the two doublets.
- the doublets are formed by four plates separated by a non-conductive cross whose center coincides with the center of the elementary antenna, each end of the branch of the cross opening into a first non-conductive area bordered externally by a strip conductive connected to the rear parts of the two plates adjacent to said branch, a second finished non-conductive area being provided beyond the conductive strip, the first areas, the strips and the second areas being symmetrical with respect to the center of the elementary antenna and to the axes of symmetry of the doublets.
- the elementary antenna is produced in the form of a first printed circuit with a first metallized face from which the cross has been cut, the first areas and the second areas, and a second metallized face on which no subsists that the first central conductor, and a second printed circuit with a first face on which only the second central conductor remains and a second fully metallized face serving as a reflector, the two printed circuits being, once properly oriented, superimposed with one another insulating layer.
- an array of elementary antennas is provided, as defined above, the first central conductors all being associated with the first doublets and the second central conductors with the second doublets.
- the radiating part in a first example of an antenna of the invention, includes two orthogonal pairs of wide conductive plates, namely the pair of plates 1 and 3 having an axis of symmetry X-X ⁇ , on the one hand, and the pair of plates 2 and 4 having an axis of symmetry Y-Y ⁇ , on the other hand.
- All of the conductive plates 1 to 4 occupy the quadrants delimited by a non-conductive cross whose orientations of the branches 5 to 8 are offset by 45 ° relative to the axes of symmetry symmetry X-X ⁇ and Y-Y ⁇ of the plates 1 to 4.
- each plate 1 to 4 has an angular end whose edges are formed by two adjacent branches of the cross. Beyond the external ends of the branches 5 to 8, the plates have their two lateral edges 9 and 10, respectively parallel to the axis of symmetry X-X ⁇ or Y-Y ⁇ of the plate considered.
- the areas 11 to 14 are limited towards the center by the end of the corresponding branch, by the adjacent lateral edges 9 and 10 of two adjacent conductive plates and, towards the outside, by an arc of a circle 15, centered at the center of the cross.
- portions of conductive crown 16 to 19 which are also centered in the center of the cross. The crown portion 16 connects the plates 1 and 2, the portion 17 the plates 2 and 3, etc.
- non-conducting rings 20 to 23 are respectively provided.
- the rings 16 and 20 are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the branch 5, the portions 17 and 21 are symmetrical relative to the axis of branch 6, etc.
- the non-conductive crown portions 20 to 23 are longer than the conductive crown portions 16 to 19, and their ends are respectively closer to the axes X-X ⁇ and Y-Y ⁇ than the edges 9 and 10 of each conductive plate 1 to 4.
- the widths of the cross branches 5 to 8 and of the non-conductive portions 20 to 23 are of the same order of magnitude and, more generally, very small compared to the wavelength.
- the conductive parts of the radiating part shown in FIG. 1 are formed in a face, initially whole metallized, 24 of a double-sided printed circuit 25, FIG. 2, the other face 26 of which carries the central metallic conductor 27 of a first three-plate supply line.
- Another double-sided printed circuit 28 carries, on one face 29, the central metallic conductor 30 of a second three-plate supply line and, on its other face, the metallized reflector 31.
- the non-conductive parts 5 to 8, 11 to 14, and 20 to 23 are obtained by removing the corresponding parts from the face 24.
- the two printed circuits 25 and 28 are superimposed, with their faces 26 and 29 facing each other, and separated by a thin layer 32 of dielectric substrate.
- the central conductor 27 is directed along the axis Y-Y ⁇ and passes, starting from the power source not shown, under the plate 2, under the non-conductive center C of the cross, then under the plate 4 to stop at around a quarter wavelength from the center C.
- the conductor 27 has a width allowing it to be adapted to a nominal impedance, for example 50 or 100 ohms; when passing under the interval between 20 and 21, its width is reduced to approximately half of this interval; in the middle of the plate 2, its width is reduced to approximately half the interval between the ends of two opposite plates 1 and 3 or 2 and 4; around the center, its width is further reduced as will be seen in relation to FIG. 5; finally, in its final segment, under the plate 4, its width becomes again equal to that which it had before the center C.
- the central conductor 30, oriented along the axis X ⁇ -X, has a width which changes like that of the conductor 27 passing successively under the plates 3 and 1.
- Each conductor 27 or 30 forms with, on the one hand, the fully metallized face 31 and, on the other hand, the conductive parts of the face 24 a triplate line.
- the pair of plates 1 and 3 constitutes with the central conductor 30 and the reflector 31 a first linearly polarized radiating doublet.
- This doublet is symmetrical and its adjacent ends are excited in phase opposition.
- it is a folded doublet whose thick strands are formed by plates 1 and 3 while the folded strands, not excited, are formed, on the one hand, by the crown portions 15 and 17, plus the external part of the plate 2, and, on the other hand, by the crown portions 19 and 18 , plus the outer part of the plate 4.
- the pair of plates 2 and 4 constitutes, with the central conductor 27 and the reflector 31, a second radiating doublet linearly polarized.
- This doublet is also symmetrical and its adjacent ends are excited in phase opposition. It is easy to verify that it is also an excited thick strand doublet.
- the conductors 27 and 30 have their widths reduced. This reduction reduces the coupling between the two doublets.
- a radiating source having the structure defined in Figs. 1 to 5 has been produced and tested.
- This source operated in the frequency band between 3.65 and 4.05 GHz.
- the overall diameter of the source that is to say the diameter D of the outer edges of the crown portions 20 to 23 was equal to 51 mm, which leads to a ratio: where ( ⁇ o ) m denotes the wavelength in free space at the average frequency of 3.85 GHz.
- the overall thickness e Fig. 2, was therefore equal to 6.7 mm with a ratio:
- the radiation resistance of a doublet at the average frequency of 3.85 GHz and reported between the adjacent ends of a doublet is close to 100 ohms.
- each doublet was adapted to 50 ohms.
- Table I summarizes the experimental results obtained in the passband on a single doublet, the other doublet being closed on a suitable load of 50 ohms.
- O E and O H representing the 3 dB openings in the "E" and "H” planes, respectively;
- ROS designating the standing wave ratio;
- cc designating the component crossed along the maximum radiation axis;
- Dec designating the decoupling between the two doublets; and * indicating that the measurement has not been made.
- Table II shows the polarization rate ⁇ measured along the maximum radiation axis when the source operates in circular polarization.
- the two central conductors 27 and 30 are connected to a 3 dB directional coupler which creates a phase shift of 90 ° between the signals transmitted or received on the two dipoles.
- the relatively high polarization rate results from a small difference between the radiation impedances of the two dipoles, due to the asymmetry of the two triplate lines with respect to the radiating structure.
- An adaptation of impedance, slightly different for each doublet, makes it possible to obtain currents equal in amplitude and in quadrature of phase and a polarization rate lower than 1 dB.
- the central conductor 34 of the three-ply line serving to supply the second doublet formed by the plates 2 and 4 has its terminal part arranged, along the axis Y-Y ⁇ , in a manner similar to that of the conductor 27, but under the outer part of the plate 2, it changes direction at 90 ° to pass under the crown portion 16, practically in an arc of a circle up to the axis X ⁇ -X and change direction again to move away from the source along this axis.
- the variant of FIG. 6 may allow a different arrangement of the sources to form a network.
- the central conductors 35 and 36 serving to excite the first doublet formed by plates 1 and 3, are each formed by a narrow width band which widens after passing under the interval between the plates.
- This structure of the central conductors is a variant of that of FIGS. 3 and 4 and allows the antenna to operate on a nominal impedance of 100 ohms.
- Fig. 8 we have schematically shown a variant of radiating structure consisting of two pairs of doublets 1 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ which are quite similar to the two pairs 1, 3 and 2, 4.
- the plates of these doublets are defined by a non-conductive cross, as in FIG. 1.
- the main differences in the structure are due to the square shapes of the non-conductive areas 12 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ and the square shapes of the areas 20 ⁇ to 23 ⁇ , while the corresponding areas were shown in Fig. 1 circular geometry.
- the source of Fig. 8 has a behavior similar to that of FIG. 1, however its overall dimensions are significantly larger due to a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r close to unity for printed circuits 25 and 28.
- ⁇ r relative dielectric constant
- C represents the side of the square formed by the outer edges of the areas 20 ⁇ to 23 ⁇ is greater than 1, which does not allow its use in a dense network.
- the bands are portions of crowns, in the other, they are portions of brackets.
- all the intermediate forms between these two forms could be functionally suitable.
- circular geometry is preferred because it makes it possible to have a ratio D / ( ⁇ o ) m equal to 0.65, that is to say a configuration in a dense network, in which the pitch of the network is less than a wave length.
- the radiating source according to the invention makes it possible to constitute a network of identical sources in which the first doublets are associated with central conductors of triplate line oriented in the same direction, while the second doublets are associated with central conductors oriented perpendicularly.
- the antenna of FIG. 9 has the same radiating structure as that of FIG. 1, as well as the same three-plate feed lines, not shown, and the same reference numerals have been used to designate the same parts therein, in particular the plates 1 to 4 and the portions of non-conductive crowns 20 to 23.
- the antenna of FIG. 9 also includes four metallic guiding elements or strands 37 to 40.
- the guiding elements 37 to 40 are the four branches made of a good conductive material, for example made of metal such as copper, of a cross whose outlets are at a small distance from the center of the cross, which coincides, in plan, with the center C of the radiating structure formed by the plates 1 to 4.
- the guiding elements 37 and 39 are aligned with the axis X-X ⁇ and placed respectively above the plates 1 and 3.
- the guiding elements 38 and 40 are aligned with the axis Y-Y ⁇ and placed respectively above the plates 2 and 4.
- the common width of the guiding elements 37 to 40 is constant and much smaller than that of the plates 1 to 4.
- Their ends 41 to 44, the most distant from the center, are inside the external limits of the radiating structure.
- the longitudinal sides of the director elements are, in plan, symmetrical with respect to the axes X-X ⁇ and Y-Y ⁇ , respectively. All the guiding elements admit the center C as the center of symmetry.
- the guiding elements 37 to 40 are plated on an insulating layer 45 which defines the interval h between the plane of the radiating structure and that of the guiding elements.
- each director element 37 to 40 was a metal strip 5 mm in width and 19.5 mm in length.
- the respective distances between the guiding elements 37 and 39, and 38 and 40 are, above the center C, 2.5 mm.
- the metal strips of the guiding elements 37 to 40 can be printed on a printed circuit 46 made of Teflon glass with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r equal to 2.5.
- the printed circuit 46 is separated from the radiating structure 1 to 4 by an insulating layer 45 whose thickness h was 5 mm.
- the insulating layer 45 was in "Klégécel" whose dielectric constant is close to 1.
- the first part of Table III gives the results of the measurements carried out in the presence of the guiding elements while the second part gives the results of the measurements carried out without the guiding elements, the naked radiating structures.
- the improvement due to the guiding elements is clearly shown in Table III. Thanks to the guiding elements, it is possible, for example, to carry out an adaptation corresponding to a standing wave ratio (ROS) of less than 1.5 in a bandwidth of 8.5%. Note that the dispersion of the ROS values between the different terminals V1 to V4 is only due to the relatively poor precision of the construction of the experimental antennas.
- ROS standing wave ratio
- the guiding elements of Figs. 9 and 10 increase the bandwidth of the antenna or improve the adaptation of the input impedance thereof.
- the presence of the guiding elements does not increase the coupling between antennas and this coupling remains sufficiently weak, which makes it possible to use the antennas of the invention, provided with guiding elements, to constitute networks.
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Abstract
La partie rayonnante de l'antenne est formée de deux doublets rayonnants (1-3, 2-4) semblables qui sont situés dans un même plan et orthogonaux, les fentes entre les brins alimentés des doublets se croisent au centre (C) de l'antenne élémentaire.The radiating part of the antenna is formed by two similar radiating doublets (1-3, 2-4) which are located in the same plane and orthogonal, the slits between the strands supplied with the doublets cross at the center (C) of l elementary antenna.
Les deux doublets élémentaires (1-3, 2-4) sont associés à des conducteurs centraux de lignes triplaques qui sont orthogonaux, leurs projections se croisant sous le centre (C) de l'antenne. Chaque ligne triplaque est constituée par les plaques (1-3 ou 2-4) d'un doublet, d'une part, un réflecteur, d'autre part, et, entre les plaques et le réflecteur, le conducteur central. Le réflecteur est commun aux deux doublets. The two elementary doublets (1-3, 2-4) are associated with central conductors of triplate lines which are orthogonal, their projections crossing under the center (C) of the antenna. Each triplate line is formed by the plates (1-3 or 2-4) of a doublet, on the one hand, a reflector, on the other hand, and, between the plates and the reflector, the central conductor. The reflector is common to the two doublets.
Description
La présente invention concerne une antenne plaque à double polarisations croisées, ces antennes étant notamment prévues pour former des réseaux fonctionnant dans la bande de fréquences allant de quelques centaines de MHz à quelques dizaines de GHz.The present invention relates to a plate antenna with double crossed polarizations, these antennas being in particular provided for forming networks operating in the frequency band going from a few hundred MHz to a few tens of GHz.
Les réseaux d'antennes plaques élémentaires constituées de doublets repliés à brin alimenté épais réalisées à l'aide de circuits imprimés conviennent particulièrement à l'émission ou à la réception de signaux radioélectriques dans la bande des 12 GHz. Un tel réseau est décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2 487 588. Une antenne réseau à symétrie de révolution destinée plus particulièrement à l'émission de signaux de radiodiffusion terrestre dans la bande des 12 GHz est également décrite dans la demande de brevet français no 85 08840 déposée le 10 juin 1985 aux noms conjoints des présents demandeurs et intitulée "Antenne omnidirectionnelle cylindrique". Cette antenne a, en azimut, un diagramme de rayonnement omnidirectionnel et, en élévation, un diagramme beaucoup plus étroit.The arrays of elementary plate antennas made up of folded doublets with thick supplied strand produced using printed circuits are particularly suitable for the emission or reception of radioelectric signals in the 12 GHz band. Such a network is described in patent FR-A-2 487 588. A network antenna with symmetry of revolution intended more particularly for the transmission of terrestrial broadcasting signals in the 12 GHz band is also described in the French patent application No. 85 08840 filed June 10, 1985 in the joint names of the applicants and entitled "cylindrical omnidirectional antenna." This antenna has, in azimuth, an omnidirectional radiation pattern and, in elevation, a much narrower pattern.
Un objet de l'invention consiste à prévoir une antenne plaque élémentaire basée sur le fonctionnement des doublets repliés à brins épais alimentés et réalisée en circuits imprimés qui soit capable de recevoir, mais éventuellement aussi d'émettre, des ondes électromagnétiques à polarisation quelconque, c'est-à-dire elliptique gauche ou elliptique droite, dans la bande des 12 GHz. Plus particulièrement, la polarisation elliptique peut, à la limite, être circulaire ou dégénérée en rectiligne. Une telle antenne, dite à double polarisations croisées est prévue pour être utilisée dans un réseau capable de recevoir des signaux radiodiffusés par satellite avec une polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche.An object of the invention is to provide an elementary plate antenna based on the operation of the folded doublets with thick strands supplied and produced in printed circuits which is capable of receiving, but possibly also of emitting, electromagnetic waves of any polarization, c '' ie left elliptical or right elliptical, in the 12 GHz band. More particularly, the elliptical polarization can, at the limit, be circular or degenerate in rectilinear. Such an antenna, known as double crossed polarization, is intended to be used in a network capable of receiving signals broadcast by satellite with a right or left circular polarization.
Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, il est prévu une antenne élémentaire dont la partie rayonnante est formée de deux doublets rayonnants repliés à brins épais semblables situés dans un même plan et orthogonaux, les fentes entre les brins alimentés des doublets se croisant au centre de l'antenne élémentaire.According to a characteristic of the invention, an elementary antenna is provided, the radiating part of which is formed of two radiating doublets folded with similar thick strands located in the same plane and orthogonal, the slots between the strands supplied with doublets crossing at the center of the elementary antenna.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, les doublets de l'antenne élémentaire sont respectivement associés à des conducteurs centraux de lignes triplaques qui sont orthogonaux avec leurs projections se croisant sous le centre de l'antenne, chaque ligne triplaque étant constituée par les plaques d'un doublet, d'une part, un réflecteur, d'autre part, et entre les plaques et le réflecteur le conducteur central, le réflecteur étant commun aux deux doublets.According to another characteristic, the doublets of the elementary antenna are respectively associated with central conductors of triplate lines which are orthogonal with their projections crossing under the center of the antenna, each triplate line being constituted by the plates of a doublet , on the one hand, a reflector, on the other hand, and between the plates and the reflector the central conductor, the reflector being common to the two doublets.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, les doublets sont constitués par quatre plaques séparées par une croix non conductrice dont le centre coïncide avec le centre de l'antenne élémentaire, chaque extrémité de branche de la croix débouchant dans une première aire non conductrice bordée extérieurement par une bande conductrice reliée aux parties arrière des deux plaques adjacentes à ladite branche, une seconde aire non conductrice finie étant prévue au-delà de la bande conductrice, les premières aires, les bandes et les secondes aires étant symétriques par rapport au centre de l'antenne élémentaire et aux axes de symétrie des doublets.According to another characteristic, the doublets are formed by four plates separated by a non-conductive cross whose center coincides with the center of the elementary antenna, each end of the branch of the cross opening into a first non-conductive area bordered externally by a strip conductive connected to the rear parts of the two plates adjacent to said branch, a second finished non-conductive area being provided beyond the conductive strip, the first areas, the strips and the second areas being symmetrical with respect to the center of the elementary antenna and to the axes of symmetry of the doublets.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, l'antenne élémentaire est réalisée sous la forme d'un premier circuit imprimé avec une première face métallisée dans laquelle ont été découpées la croix, les premières aires et les secondes aires, et une seconde face métallisée sur laquelle ne subsiste que le premier conducteur central, et un second circuit imprimé avec une première face sur laquelle ne subsiste que le second conducteur central et une seconde face entièrement métallisée servant de réflecteur, les deux circuits imprimés étant, une fois orientés convenablement, superposés avec entre eux une couche isolante.According to another characteristic, the elementary antenna is produced in the form of a first printed circuit with a first metallized face from which the cross has been cut, the first areas and the second areas, and a second metallized face on which no subsists that the first central conductor, and a second printed circuit with a first face on which only the second central conductor remains and a second fully metallized face serving as a reflector, the two printed circuits being, once properly oriented, superimposed with one another insulating layer.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, devant les plaques des doublets et séparés de ceux-ci par une couche isolante, sont disposés des éléments directeurs.According to another characteristic, in front of the plates of the doublets and separated from them by an insulating layer, are arranged guiding elements.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, il est prévu un réseau d'antennes élémentaires, telles que définies ci-dessus, les premiers conducteurs centraux étant tous associés aux premiers doublets et les seconds conducteurs centraux aux seconds doublets.According to another characteristic, an array of elementary antennas is provided, as defined above, the first central conductors all being associated with the first doublets and the second central conductors with the second doublets.
Les caractéristiques de l'invention mentionnées ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les dessins joints, parmi lesquels:
- la Fig. 1 est une vue en plan de la partie rayonnante de l'antenne suivant l'invention,
- la Fig. 2 est une vue en coupe de l'antenne de l'invention, suivant la ligne Y-Yʹ de la Fig. 1,
- la Fig. 3 est une vue en plan d'un premier circuit imprimé qui porte la partie rayonnante de l'antenne et d'une ligne d'alimentation,
- la Fig. 4 est une vue en plan d'un second circuit imprimé qui porte le réflecteur de l'antenne et de son autre ligne d'alimentation,
- la Fig. 5 est une vue schématique illustrant comment se croisent, superposées, les lignes d'alimentation des doublets constituant l'antenne des Figs. 1 à 4,
- la Fig. 6 est une vue montrant une variante du circuit imprimé de la Fig. 3,
- la Fig. 7 est une vue montrant une variante du circuit imprimé de la Fig. 4,
- la Fig. 8 est une vue schématique d'une variante de structure rayonnante suivant l'invention,
- la Fig. 9 est une vue d'une autre variante d'antenne suivant l'invention, dans laquelle des directeurs ont été placés devant la structure rayonnante de la Fig. 1,
- la Fig. 10 est une vue en coupe de l'antenne de la Fig. 9, suivant la ligne Y-Yʹ de celle-ci, et
- la Fig. 11 montre une ensemble de deux antennes ayant servi à des fins expérimentales.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the radiating part of the antenna according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the antenna of the invention, along the line Y-Yʹ of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3 is a plan view of a first printed circuit which carries the radiating part of the antenna and of a supply line,
- Fig. 4 is a plan view of a second printed circuit which carries the antenna reflector and its other supply line,
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating how the feed lines of the dipoles constituting the antenna of FIGS intersect, superimposed. 1 to 4,
- Fig. 6 is a view showing a variant of the printed circuit of FIG. 3,
- Fig. 7 is a view showing a variant of the printed circuit of FIG. 4,
- Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a variant of the radiating structure according to the invention,
- Fig. 9 is a view of another variant of the antenna according to the invention, in which directors have been placed in front of the radiating structure of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the antenna of FIG. 9, along the line Y-Yʹ thereof, and
- Fig. 11 shows a set of two antennas having been used for experimental purposes.
Dans un premier exemple d'antenne de l'invention, la partie rayonnante, montrée à la Fig. 1, comprend deux paires orthogonales de plaques conductrices larges, à savoir la paire de plaques 1 et 3 ayant un axe de symétrie X-Xʹ, d'une part, et la paire de plaques 2 et 4 ayant un axe de symétrie Y-Yʹ, d'autre part. L'ensemble des plaques conductrices 1 à 4 occupe les quadrants délimités par une croix non conductrice dont les orientations des branches 5 à 8 sont décalées de 45° par rapport aux axes de symétrie X-Xʹ et Y-Yʹ des plaques 1 à 4. En pratique, chaque plaque 1 à 4 a une extrémité angulaire dont les bords sont formés par deux branches adjacentes de la croix. Au-delà des extrémités externes des branches 5 à 8, les plaques ont leurs deux bords latéraux 9 et 10, respectivement parallèles à l'axe de symétrie X-Xʹ ou Y-Yʹ de la plaque considérée.In a first example of an antenna of the invention, the radiating part, shown in FIG. 1, includes two orthogonal pairs of wide conductive plates, namely the pair of plates 1 and 3 having an axis of symmetry X-Xʹ, on the one hand, and the pair of plates 2 and 4 having an axis of symmetry Y-Yʹ, on the other hand. All of the conductive plates 1 to 4 occupy the quadrants delimited by a non-conductive cross whose orientations of the branches 5 to 8 are offset by 45 ° relative to the axes of symmetry X-Xʹ and Y-Yʹ of the plates 1 to 4. In practice, each plate 1 to 4 has an angular end whose edges are formed by two adjacent branches of the cross. Beyond the external ends of the branches 5 to 8, the plates have their two lateral edges 9 and 10, respectively parallel to the axis of symmetry X-Xʹ or Y-Yʹ of the plate considered.
Par ailleurs, au delà des extrémités externes des quatre branches 5 à 8 de la croix, sont respectivement prévues quatre aires bornées, non conductrices 11 à 14. A la Fig. 1, les aires 11 à 14 sont limitées vers le centre par l'extrémité de la branche correspondante, par les bords latéraux voisins 9 et 10 de deux plaques conductrices adjacentes et, vers l'extérieur, par un arc de cercle 15, centré au centre de la croix. Au-delà de l'arc de cercle 15 de chaque aire non conductrice 11 à 14, sont respectivement prévues des portions de couronne conductrice 16 à 19, qui sont également centrées au centre de la croix. La portion de couronne 16 relie les plaques 1 et 2, la portion 17 les plaques 2 et 3, etc.Furthermore, beyond the outer ends of the four branches 5 to 8 of the cross, there are respectively provided four bounded, non-conductive areas 11 to 14. In FIG. 1, the areas 11 to 14 are limited towards the center by the end of the corresponding branch, by the adjacent lateral edges 9 and 10 of two adjacent conductive plates and, towards the outside, by an arc of a
Au-delà des portions de couronnes conductrices 16 à 19, sont respectivement prévues quatre portions de couronnes non conductrices 20 à 23. Les couronnes 16 et 20 sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe de la branche 5, les portions 17 et 21 sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe de la branche 6, etc. Les portions de couronne non conductrices 20 à 23 sont plus longues que les portions de couronne conductrices 16 à 19, et leurs extrémités sont respectivement plus proches des axes X-Xʹ et Y-Yʹ que les bords 9 et 10 de chaque plaque conductrice 1 à 4.Beyond the portions of conducting
Les largeurs des branches de croix 5 à 8 et des portions non conductrices 20 à 23 sont du même ordre de grandeur et, plus généralement, très faibles par rapport à la longueur d'onde.The widths of the cross branches 5 to 8 and of the
En pratique, les parties conductrices de la partie rayonnante montrée à la Fig. 1 sont formées dans une face, initialement entière ment métallisée, 24 d'un circuit imprimé double faces 25, Fig. 2, dont l'autre face 26 porte le conducteur métallique central 27 d'une première ligne d'alimentation triplaque. Un autre circuit imprimé double faces 28 porte, sur une face 29, le conducteur métallique central 30 d'une seconde ligne d'alimentation triplaque et, sur son autre face, le réflecteur métallisé 31.In practice, the conductive parts of the radiating part shown in FIG. 1 are formed in a face, initially whole metallized, 24 of a double-sided printed
Les parties non conductrices 5 à 8, 11 à 14, et 20 à 23 sont obtenues par enlèvement des parties correspondantes de la face 24.The non-conductive parts 5 to 8, 11 to 14, and 20 to 23 are obtained by removing the corresponding parts from the
Les deux circuits imprimés 25 et 28 sont superposés, avec leurs faces 26 et 29 en regard, et séparées par une couche mince 32 de substrat diélectrique.The two printed
Comme le montrent les Figs. 1 et 2, le conducteur central 27 est dirigé suivant l'axe Y-Yʹ et passe, en partant de la source d'alimentation non montrée, sous la plaque 2, sous le centre non conducteur C de la croix, puis sous la plaque 4 pour s'arrêter à environ un quart de longueur d'onde du centre C. Sous la face 24, au-delà des portions non conductrices 20 et 21, le conducteur 27 a une largeur permettant de l'adapter à une impédance nominale, par exemple 50 ou 100 ohms; au passage sous l'intervalle entre 20 et 21, sa largeur est réduite à la moitié environ de cet intervalle; au milieu de la plaque 2, sa largeur est réduite à environ la moitié de l'intervalle entre les extrémités de deux plaques opposées 1 et 3 ou 2 et 4; autour du centre, sa largeur est encore réduite comme on le verra en relation avec la Fig. 5; enfin, dans son segment final, sous la plaque 4, sa largeur redevient égale à celle qu'il avait avant le centre C.As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the
Comme le montre la Fig. 4, le conducteur central 30, orienté suivant l'axe Xʹ-X, a une largeur qui évolue comme celle du conducteur 27 en passant successivement sous les plaques 3 et 1.As shown in Fig. 4, the
Chaque conducteur 27 ou 30 forme avec, d'une part, la face entièrement métallisée 31 et, d'autre part, les parties conductrices de la face 24 une ligne triplaque.Each
La paire de plaques 1 et 3 constitue avec le conducteur central 30 et le réflecteur 31 un premier doublet rayonnant polarisé linéairement. Ce doublet est symétrique et ses extrémités adjacentes sont excitées en opposition de phase. De plus, il s'agit d'un doublet replié dont les brins épais sont constitués par les plaques 1 et 3 tandis que les brins repliés, non excités, sont constitués, d'une part, par les portions de couronne 15 et 17, plus la partie externe de la plaque 2, et, d'autre part, par les portions de couronnes 19 et 18, plus la partie externe de la plaque 4.The pair of plates 1 and 3 constitutes with the
La paire de plaques 2 et 4 constitue, avec le conducteur central 27 et le réflecteur 31, un second doublet rayonnant polarisé linéairement. Ce doublet est également symétrique et ses extrémités adjacentes sont excitées en opposition de phase. Il est facile de vérifier qu'il s'agit également d'un doublet à brin épais excité.The pair of plates 2 and 4 constitutes, with the
On notera que, dans chaque partie externe d'une plaque 1 à 4, les courants des deux doublets se croisent. Toutefois, étant donné que, pour le premier doublet, la ligne Y-Yʹ est au potentiel zéro tandis que, pour le second doublet, la ligne X-Xʹ est aussi au potentiel zéro, le découplage entre les doublets est grand.It will be noted that, in each external part of a plate 1 to 4, the currents of the two doublets cross. However, since, for the first doublet, the line Y-Yʹ is at zero potential while, for the second doublet, the line X-Xʹ is also at zero potential, the decoupling between the doublets is great.
On notera également, Fig. 2, que le conducteur d'alimentation 30 du premier doublet est légèrement plus loin des plaques 1, 3 que le conducteur 27 des plaques 2, 4 du second doublet, mais réciproquement plus près du réflecteur 31. Cette écart, égal à la demi-épaisseur de la couche 32, par rapport à une position moyenne au milieu de la couche 32 est pratiquement sans influence sur le fonctionnement des doublets, dans la mesure où l'épaisseur de la couche isolante 32 est faible.Note also, Fig. 2, that the
Comme le montre la Fig. 5 et comme on l'a déjà mentionné, autour du centre de l'antenne, en 33 et 34, les conducteurs 27 et 30 ont leurs largeurs réduites. Cette réduction permet de diminuer le couplage entre les deux doublets.As shown in Fig. 5 and as already mentioned, around the center of the antenna, at 33 and 34, the
Les moments électriques des deux doublets rayonnants sont ainsi situés dans un même plan et orthogonaux entre eux. Pour émettre ou recevoir une onde dont la polarisation est quelconque, il suffit de déphaser correctement les deux signaux émis ou reçus sur chacun des conducteurs centraux 27 et 30. Il n'est pas utile dans la présente description de donner des détails sur un déphaseur capable d'effectuer cette opération car de tels déphaseurs sont connus de l'homme de métier.The electric moments of the two radiating doublets are thus located in the same plane and orthogonal between them. To transmit or receive a wave whose polarization is arbitrary, it suffices to correctly phase-shift the two signals transmitted or received on each of the
A titre expérimental, une source rayonnante ayant la structure définie dans les Figs. 1 à 5 a été réalisée et testée. Cette source a fonctionné dans la bande de fréquences comprise entre 3,65 et 4,05 GHz. Le diamètre hors-tout de la source, c'est-à-dire le diamètre D des bords externes des portions de couronne 20 à 23 était égal à 51 mm, ce qui conduit à un rapport:
Les circuits imprimés 25 et 28 avaient une épaisseur de 3,2 mm, avec une constante diélectrique relative εr = 2,55. La couche isolante 32 était en téflon d'une épaisseur de 0,3 mm et d'une constante diélectrique relative εr = 2,1.The printed
L'épaisseur hors-tout e, Fig. 2, était donc égale à 6,7 mm avec un rapport:
La résistance de rayonnement d'un doublet à la fréquence moyenne de 3,85 GHz et rapportée entre les extrémités adjacentes d'un doublet est voisine de 100 ohms. A l'aide des tronçons de différentes largeurs, mentionnées ci-dessus, des conducteurs centraux, chaque doublet était adpaté à 50 ohms.The radiation resistance of a doublet at the average frequency of 3.85 GHz and reported between the adjacent ends of a doublet is close to 100 ohms. Using the sections of different widths, mentioned above, of the central conductors, each doublet was adapted to 50 ohms.
Le tableau I suivant résume les résultats expérimentaux obtenus dans la bande passante sur un doublet seul, l'autre doublet étant fermé sur une charge adaptée de 50 ohms.
Le tableau II montre le taux de polarisation τ mesuré suivant l'axe de rayonnement maximal lorsque la source fonctionne en polarisation circulaire. Pour cela, les deux conducteurs centraux 27 et 30 sont connectés à un coupleur directionnel 3 dB qui crée un déphasage de 90° entre les signaux émis ou reçus sur les deux doublets.
Le taux de polarisation relativement élevé résulte d'une faible différence entre les impédances de rayonnement des deux doublets, due à la dissymétrie des deux lignes triplaques par rapport à la structure rayonnante. Une adaptation d'impédance, légèrement différente pour chaque doublet, permet d'obtenir des courants égaux en amplitude et en quadrature de phase et un taux de polarisation inférieur à 1 dB.The relatively high polarization rate results from a small difference between the radiation impedances of the two dipoles, due to the asymmetry of the two triplate lines with respect to the radiating structure. An adaptation of impedance, slightly different for each doublet, makes it possible to obtain currents equal in amplitude and in quadrature of phase and a polarization rate lower than 1 dB.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation de la Fig. 6, le conducteur central 34 de la ligne triplaque servant à alimenter le second doublet formé des plaques 2 et 4, a sa partie terminale disposée, selon l'axe Y-Yʹ, d'une manière analogue à celle du conducteur 27, mais sous la partie externe de la plaque 2, il change de direction à 90° pour passer sous la portion de couronne 16, pratiquement en arc de cercle jusqu'à l'axe Xʹ-X et changer à nouveau de direction pour s'éloigner de la source selon cet axe.In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6, the
La variante de la Fig. 6 peut permettre un arrangement différent des sources pour former un réseau.The variant of FIG. 6 may allow a different arrangement of the sources to form a network.
Par ailleurs, comme le montrent les Figs. 6 et 7, les conducteurs centraux 35 et 36, ce dernier servant à exciter le premier doublet formé des plaques 1 et 3, sont chacun formés d'une bande de largeur étroite qui s'élargit après passage sous l'intervalle entre les plaques. Cette structure des conducteurs centraux est une variante de celle des Figs. 3 et 4 et permet à l'antenne de fonctionner sur une impédance nominale de 100 ohms.Furthermore, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the
A la Fig. 8, on a montré schématiquement une variante de structure rayonnante se composant de deux paires de doublets 1ʹ, 3ʹ et 2ʹ, 4ʹ qui sont tout à fait analogues aux deux paires 1, 3 et 2, 4. Les plaques de ces doublets sont définies par une croix non conductrice, comme à la Fig. 1. Les principales différences de la structure tiennent aux formes carrées des aires non conductrices 12ʹ à 15ʹ et aux formes en équerre des aires 20ʹ à 23ʹ, alors que les aires correspondantes avaient à la Fig. 1 une géométrie circulaire. La source de la Fig. 8 a un comportement semblable à celle de la Fig. 1, toutefois ses dimensions hors-tout sont sensiblement plus importantes en raison d'une constante diélectrique relative εr proche de l'unité pour les circuits imprimés 25 et 28. Notamment son rapport C/(λo)m, où C représente le côté du carré formé par les bords externes des aires 20ʹ à 23ʹ est supérieur à 1, ce qui ne permet pas son utilisation dans un réseau dense.In Fig. 8, we have schematically shown a variant of radiating structure consisting of two pairs of doublets 1ʹ, 3ʹ and 2ʹ, 4ʹ which are quite similar to the two pairs 1, 3 and 2, 4. The plates of these doublets are defined by a non-conductive cross, as in FIG. 1. The main differences in the structure are due to the square shapes of the non-conductive areas 12ʹ to 15ʹ and the square shapes of the areas 20ʹ to 23ʹ, while the corresponding areas were shown in Fig. 1 circular geometry. The source of Fig. 8 has a behavior similar to that of FIG. 1, however its overall dimensions are significantly larger due to a relative dielectric constant ε r close to unity for printed
Il faut retenir que, dans les deux structures à géométrie circulaire et à géométrie carrée, on rencontre en partant du centre de la source:
- le long de l'axe X-Xʹ ou Y-Yʹ, une plaque conductrice, et
- le long des bissectrices des quadrants définis par ces axes, une branche de croix non conductrice, suivie d'une première aire non conductrice, suivie d'une bande conductrice, suivie d'une seconde bande non conductrice, et enfin une seconde aire conductrice.It should be remembered that, in the two structures with circular geometry and square geometry, one meets starting from the center of the source:
- along the X-Xʹ or Y-Yʹ axis, a conductive plate, and
- along the bisectors of the quadrants defined by these axes, a branch of non-conductive cross, followed by a first non-conductive area, followed by a conductive strip, followed by a second non-conductive strip, and finally a second conductive area .
Dans un cas, les bandes sont des portions de couronnes, dans l'autre, ce sont des portions d'équerres. Bien entendu, toutes les formes intermédiaires entre ces deux formes pourraient convenir sur le plan fonctionnel. Toutefois la géométrie circulaire est préférée car elle permet d'avoir un rapport D/(λo)m égal à 0,65, c'est-à-dire une configuration en réseau dense, dans laquelle le pas du réseau est inférieur à une longueur d'onde.In one case, the bands are portions of crowns, in the other, they are portions of brackets. Of course, all the intermediate forms between these two forms could be functionally suitable. However, circular geometry is preferred because it makes it possible to have a ratio D / (λ o ) m equal to 0.65, that is to say a configuration in a dense network, in which the pitch of the network is less than a wave length.
La source rayonnante suivant l'invention permet de constituer un réseau de sources identiques dans lequel les premiers doublets sont associés à des conducteurs centraux de ligne triplaque orientés suivant une même direction, tandis que les seconds doublets sont associés à des conducteurs centraux orientés perpendiculairement.The radiating source according to the invention makes it possible to constitute a network of identical sources in which the first doublets are associated with central conductors of triplate line oriented in the same direction, while the second doublets are associated with central conductors oriented perpendicularly.
L'antenne de la Fig. 9 comporte la même structure rayonnante que celle de la Fig. 1, ainsi que les mêmes lignes d'alimentation triplaque, non montrées, et on y a repris les mêmes références numériques pour y désigner les mêmes parties, notamment les plaques 1 à 4 et les portions de couronnes non conductrices 20 à 23. L'antenne de la Fig. 9 comporte aussi quatre éléments ou brins directeurs métalliques 37 à 40. Les éléments directeurs 37 à 40 sont les quatres branches en matériau bon conducteur, par exemple en métal tel que du cuivre, d'une croix dont les départs sont à une petite distance du centre de la croix, lequel coïncide, en plan, avec le centre C de la structure rayonnante formée par les plaques 1 à 4. Les éléments directeurs 37 et 39 sont alignés avec l'axe X-Xʹ et placés respectivement au-dessus des plaques 1 et 3. Les éléments directeurs 38 et 40 sont alignés avec l'axe Y-Yʹ et placés respectivement au-dessus des plaques 2 et 4. La largeur commune des éléments directeurs 37 à 40 est constante et nettement plus faible que celle des plaques 1 à 4. Leurs bouts 41 à 44, les plus éloignés du centre, se trouvent à l'intérieur des limites externes de la structure rayonnante. Les côtés longitudinaux des éléments directeurs sont, en plan, symétriques par rapport aux axes X-Xʹ et Y-Yʹ, respectivement. L'ensemble des éléments directeurs admet le centre C comme centre de symétrie.The antenna of FIG. 9 has the same radiating structure as that of FIG. 1, as well as the same three-plate feed lines, not shown, and the same reference numerals have been used to designate the same parts therein, in particular the plates 1 to 4 and the portions of
Comme le montre la coupe de la Fig. 10, les éléments directeurs 37 à 40 sont plaqués sur une couche isolante 45 qui définit l'intervalle h entre le plan de la structure rayonnante et celui des éléments directeurs.As shown in the section of FIG. 10, the guiding
Dans un exemple de réalisation, chaque élément directeur 37 à 40 était une bande métallique de 5 mm de largeur et de 19,5 mm de longueur. Les distances respectives entre les éléments directeurs 37 et 39, et 38 et 40 sont, au-dessus du centre C, de 2,5 mm. A titre d'exemple, les bandes métalliques des éléments directeurs 37 à 40 peuvent être imprimés sur un circuit imprimé 46 en verre-téflon d'épaisseur 0,2 mm et de constante diélectrique relative εr égale à 2,5. Le circuit imprimé 46 est séparé de la structure rayonnante 1 à 4 par une couche d'isolant 45 dont l'épaisseur h était de 5 mm. La couche d'isolant 45 était en "Klégécel" dont la constante diélectrique est voisine de 1.In an exemplary embodiment, each
Comme le montre la Fig. 11, deux tels ensembles d'éléments directeurs ont été expérimentés avec deux structures rayonnantes dont le diamètre était de 52 mm, donc voisin du diamètre D de la structure de la Fig. 1. Plusieurs distances P entre les centres des deux antennes ont été choisies, notamment pour étudier l'influence de cette distance P sur le couplage entre les antennes. Plus particulièrement, dans l'antenne des Figs. 9 et 10, chacun des circuits imprimés 25 et 28 en verre-téflon (εr = 2,55) a une épaisseur égale à 3,05 mm, couches de cuivre incluses, et la couche isolante 32, sans cuivre, est aussi en verre-téflon d'une épaisseur de 0,2 mm (au lieu de 0,3 mm en téflon avec εr = 2,1 pour l'antenne des Figs. 1 et 2.As shown in Fig. 11, two such sets of guiding elements were tested with two radiating structures whose diameter was 52 mm, therefore close to the diameter D of the structure of FIG. 1. Several distances P between the centers of the two antennas were chosen, in particular to study the influence of this distance P on the coupling between the antennas. More particularly, in the antenna of Figs. 9 and 10, each of the printed
A la Fig. 11, les lignes d'alimentation de l'ensemble de gauche, en regardant le dessin, aboutissent aux points V1 et V2 et ceux de l'ensemble de droite aux points V3 et V4.In Fig. 11, the supply lines of the assembly on the left, looking at the drawing, lead to points V1 and V2 and those of the assembly on the right at points V3 and V4.
Le tableau III ci-dessous montre, pour quelques fréquences, les rapports d'ondes stationnaires relatifs à l'impédance d'entrée et mesurés sur chacune des bornes V1 à V4. Dans chaque mesure sur un point d'alimentation, les autres sont fermés sur la résistance normalisée de 50 ohms. Pour cet ensemble de mesures, la distance P entre les antennes était de 55 mm, ce qui correspond à la fréquence moyenne λm au rapport P/λm = 0,68. La première partie du tableau III donne les résultats des mesures effectuées en présence des éléments directeurs tandis que la seconde partie donne les résultats des mesures effectuées sans les éléments directeurs, les structures rayonnantes nues.Table III below shows, for a few frequencies, the standing wave ratios relating to the input impedance and measured on each of the terminals V1 to V4. In each measurement on a power point, the others are closed on the normalized resistance of 50 ohms. For this set of measurements, the distance P between the antennas was 55 mm, which corresponds to the average frequency λ m at the ratio P / λ m = 0.68. The first part of Table III gives the results of the measurements carried out in the presence of the guiding elements while the second part gives the results of the measurements carried out without the guiding elements, the naked radiating structures.
L'amélioration due aux éléments directeurs apparaît clairement au tableau III. Grâce aux éléments directeurs, on peut, par exemple, réaliser une adaptation correspondant à un rapport d'ondes staionnaires (ROS) inférieur à 1,5 dans une bande passante de 8,5 %. A noter que la dispersion des valeurs des ROS entre les différentes bornes V1 à V4 n'est due qu'à la précision relativement médiocre de la construction des antennes expérimentales.
Comme on l'a déjà mentionné, on a aussi procédé à des mesures de couplage entre les deux antennes en les écartant plus ou moins, c'est-à-dire en prenant plusieurs valeurs de distance P entre les centres des antennes. Les résultats des mesures effectuées pour les trois valeurs de P: 65, 60 et 55 mm sont mentionnés dans les tableaux IV, V et VI suivants. Les essais ont été faits avec et sans éléments directeurs pour P= 65 et 55 mm, et seulement avec éléments directeurs pour P = 60 mm. Dans chaque cas, on a indiqué les couplages entre les bornes V2 et V3, soit V2V3, entre V1 et V4, soit V1V4, et entre V1 et V3, soit V1V3.
Il ressort des tableaux IV, V et VI que la présence des éléments directeurs contribue à accroître légèrement les couplages pour la distance P la plus grande, P/λm = 0,8 (Tableau IV), mais que pour la distance P la plus faible, P/λm = 0,68 (Tableau VI), le couplage sans directeur est un peu plus fort que pour P/λm = 0,8 et les variations dues aux éléments directeurs sont insignifiantes.It appears from Tables IV, V and VI that the presence of the guiding elements contributes to slightly increase the couplings for the greatest distance P, P / λ m = 0.8 (Table IV), but that for the most distance P weak, P / λ m = 0.68 (Table VI), the coupling without director is a little stronger than for P / λ m = 0.8 and the variations due to the guiding elements are insignificant.
En conslusion, les éléments directeurs des Figs. 9 et 10 augmentent la bande passante de l'antenne ou améliore l'adaptation de l'impédance d'entrée de celle-ci. La présence des éléments directeurs n'augmente pas le couplage entre antennes et ce couplage reste suffisamment faible ce qui permet d'utiliser les antennes de l'invention, pourvues d'éléments directeurs, pour constituer des réseaux.In conclusion, the guiding elements of Figs. 9 and 10 increase the bandwidth of the antenna or improve the adaptation of the input impedance thereof. The presence of the guiding elements does not increase the coupling between antennas and this coupling remains sufficiently weak, which makes it possible to use the antennas of the invention, provided with guiding elements, to constitute networks.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8605990 | 1986-04-23 | ||
FR8605990A FR2598036B1 (en) | 1986-04-23 | 1986-04-23 | PLATE ANTENNA WITH DOUBLE CROSS POLARIZATIONS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0243289A1 true EP0243289A1 (en) | 1987-10-28 |
EP0243289B1 EP0243289B1 (en) | 1991-06-19 |
Family
ID=9334605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP87460007A Expired - Lifetime EP0243289B1 (en) | 1986-04-23 | 1987-04-09 | Plate antenna with two crossed polarizations |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4922263A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0243289B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01125005A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3770863D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2598036B1 (en) |
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GB2201046B (en) * | 1987-01-20 | 1991-03-06 | Nat Res Dev | Antenna |
FR2677814A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-12-18 | Thomson Csf | FLAT MICROWAVE ANTENNA WITH TWO ORTHOGONAL POLARIZATIONS WITH A COUPLE OF RADIANT ORTHOGONAL SLOTS. |
US5187490A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1993-02-16 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate |
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EP0557176A1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-08-25 | Thomson-Lgt Laboratoire General Des Telecommunications | Feeding device for a plate antenna with two crossed polarizations and array equipped with such a device |
EP0585877A1 (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-09 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Printed antenna |
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ES2103630A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1997-09-16 | Lgt Lab Gen Telecomm | Supply for network of crossed double polarisation planar antennae |
EP0920074A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-02 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Circular polarized planar printed antenna concept with shaped radiation pattern |
FR2963168A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-27 | Bouygues Telecom Sa | PRINTED ANTENNA WITH OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT DIRECT RADIATION OF PREFERENCE |
CN106207495A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏省东方世纪网络信息有限公司 | Dual polarized antenna and radiating element thereof |
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GB2201046B (en) * | 1987-01-20 | 1991-03-06 | Nat Res Dev | Antenna |
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US5187490A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1993-02-16 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate |
FR2677814A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-12-18 | Thomson Csf | FLAT MICROWAVE ANTENNA WITH TWO ORTHOGONAL POLARIZATIONS WITH A COUPLE OF RADIANT ORTHOGONAL SLOTS. |
ES2103630A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1997-09-16 | Lgt Lab Gen Telecomm | Supply for network of crossed double polarisation planar antennae |
FR2685130A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-18 | Thomson Applic Radars Centre | Square chip antenna with two crossed polarisations excited by two orthogonal slots |
EP0557176A1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-08-25 | Thomson-Lgt Laboratoire General Des Telecommunications | Feeding device for a plate antenna with two crossed polarizations and array equipped with such a device |
FR2687850A1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-08-27 | Thomson Lgt | POWER SUPPLY DEVICE FOR CROSS - POLARIZED DOUBLE POLARIZED ANTENNA AND NETWORK EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE. |
US5442367A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1995-08-15 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Printed antenna with strip and slot radiators |
EP0585877A1 (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-09 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Printed antenna |
EP0685900A1 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-12-06 | ALAN DICK & COMPANY LIMITED | Antennae |
US5691734A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1997-11-25 | Alan Dick & Company Limited | Dual polarizating antennae |
EP0920074A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-02 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Circular polarized planar printed antenna concept with shaped radiation pattern |
US6339406B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2002-01-15 | Sony International (Europe) Gmbh | Circular polarized planar printed antenna concept with shaped radiation pattern |
FR2963168A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-27 | Bouygues Telecom Sa | PRINTED ANTENNA WITH OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT DIRECT RADIATION OF PREFERENCE |
WO2012013644A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-02 | Bouygues Telecom | Directional printed antenna that is preferably optically transparent |
CN106207495A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏省东方世纪网络信息有限公司 | Dual polarized antenna and radiating element thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH01125005A (en) | 1989-05-17 |
FR2598036A1 (en) | 1987-10-30 |
EP0243289B1 (en) | 1991-06-19 |
DE3770863D1 (en) | 1991-07-25 |
US4922263A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
FR2598036B1 (en) | 1988-08-12 |
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