Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a thixotropic aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition with improved anti-filming properties and method of using the detergent composition to clean dishware, glassware, china and the like.
• the dishwashing composition contains alumina or titanium dioxide, as the anti-filming agent, inorganic builder salts, chlorine bleach, bleach stable detergent and a thixotropic thickener.
• the detergent dishwashing composition of the present invention reduce filming on dishware, glassware, china and the like, particularly in hard water, and remains stable against phase separation.
• the invention relates to the use of alumina or titanium dioxide as an anti-filming agent in thixotropic aqueous liquid dishwashing detergent compositions to reduce filming.
• the detergent compositions do no require an added rinse aid, are stable in storage, do not settle and are readily redispersible and are pourable.
• the present invention also relates to thixotropic aqueous suspension with improved physical stability.
• the invention relates to the use of long chain fatty acids, metal salts of fatty acids and clay as thixotropic agents for forming stable gel-like liquid suspensions suitable for use as liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition.
• the present invention specifically relates to aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions having thixotropic properties, improved anti-filming and physical stability properties, which are readily dispersible in the washing medium to provide effective cleaning of dishware, glassware, china and the like.
• the presently used formulated powder detergents frequently require a separate step of hand towel wiping and drying of the dishware, glassware, china and the like to avoid leaving undesirable traces or film of precipitated calcium and magnesium salts.
• the use of liquid detergent compositions present other problems.
• the builder salts settle in storage and are not readily redispersed.
• the compositions also frequently become thicker in storage and are not readily pourable.
• thixotropic cleansing compositions should be highly viscous in a quiescent state, Bingham plastic in nature, and have relatively high yield values.
• shear stresses when subjected to shear stresses, however, such as being shaken in a container or squeezed through an orifice, they should quickly fluidize and, upon cessation of the applied shear stress, quickly revert to the high viscosity/Bingham plastic state. Stability is likewise of primary importance, i.e. there should be no significant evidence of phase separation or leaking after long standing.
• the automatic dishwashing detergent hereinafter also designated ADD, contain (1) sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) to soften or tie up hard-water minerals and to emulsify and/or peptize soil; (2) sodium silicate to supply the alkalinity necessary for effective detergency and to provide protection for fine china glaze and pattern; (3) sodium carbonate, generally considered to be optional, to enhance alkalinity; (4) a chlorine-releasing agent to aid in the elimination of soil specks which lead to water spotting; and (5) defoamer/surfactant to reduce foam, thereby enhancing machine efficiency and supplying requisite detergency.
• NaTPP sodium tripolyphosphate
• sodium silicate to supply the alkalinity necessary for effective detergency and to provide protection for fine china glaze and pattern
• sodium carbonate generally considered to be optional, to enhance alkalinity
• a chlorine-releasing agent to aid in the elimination of soil specks which lead to water spotting
• defoamer/surfactant
• U.S. Patent No. 3,985,668 describes abrasive scouring cleaners of gel-like consistency containing (1) suspending agent, preferably the Smectite and attapulgite types of clay; (2) abrasive, e.g. silica sand or perlite; and (3) filler comprising light density powdered polymers, expanded perlite and the like, which has a bouyancy and thus stabilizing effect on the composition in addition to serving as a bulking agent, thereby replacing water otherwise available for undesired supernatant layer formation due to leaking and phase destabilization.
• suspending agent preferably the Smectite and attapulgite types of clay
• abrasive e.g. silica sand or perlite
• filler comprising light density powdered polymers, expanded perlite and the like, which has a bouyancy and thus stabilizing effect on the composition in addition to serving as a bulking agent, thereby replacing water otherwise available for undesired
• silicates, carbonates, and monophosphates can be included as further optional ingredients to supply or supplement building function not provided by the buffer, the amount of such builder not exceeding 5% of the total composition, according to the patent. Maintenance of the desired (greater than) pH 10 levels is achieved by the buffer/builder components. High pH is said to minimize decomposition of chlorine bleach and undesired interaction between surfactant and bleach. When present, NaTPP is limited to 5%, as stated. Foam killer is not disclosed.
• liquid ADD compositions which have properties desirably characterizing thixotropic, gel-type structure and which include each of the various ingredients necessary for effective detergency with an automatic dishwasher.
• the normally gel-like aqueous automatic dishwasher detergent composition having thixotropic properties includes the following ingredients, on a weight basis:
• compositions so formulated are low-foaming; are readily soluble in the washing medium and most effective at pH values best conducive to improved cleaning performance, viz, pH 10.5-13.5.
• the compositions are normally of gel consistency, i.e. a highly viscous, opaque jelly-like material having Bingham plastic character and thus relatively high yield values. Accordingly, a definite shear force is necessary to initiate or increase flow, such as would obtain within the agitated dispenser cup of an energized automatic dishwasher or a stream of water. Under such conditions, the composition is quickly fluidized and easily dispensed. When the shear force is discontinued, the fluid composition quickly reverts to a high viscosity, Bingham plastic state closely approximating its prior consistency.
• U.S. Patent 4,511,487 dated April 16, 1985 describes a low-foaming detergent paste for dishwashers.
• the composition is based on a mixture of finely divided hydrated sodium metasilicate, an active chlorine compound and a thickening agent which is a foliated silicate of the hectorite type. Small amount of nonionic tensides and alkali metal carbonates and/or hydroxides may be used.
• the thixotropic aqueous liquid detergent compositions of the present invention overcome many of the prior art problems associated with powder and liquid detergents. Because of the addition of a small effective amount of an alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent to the composition an added rinse aid is not required and towel wiping and drying are not required to obtain dry sparkling clean dishes, glasses, cups and eating utensils.
• the thixotropic aqueous liquid detergent composition has the additional advantages of being stable, non-settling in storage and readily redispersible.
• the liquid compositions of the present invention are easily pourable, easily measured and easily put into the dishwashing machines.
• An additional and unexpected advantage of adding the alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent to the detergent formulation is that the alumina or titanium dioxide inhibit brown stain formation in the dishwashing machine.
• the brown stain is formed by the deposition in the dishwashing machine of iron and/or manganese oxides.
• the brown stain formation is a particularly serious problem in areas having hard water.
• the alumina or titanium dioxide in the formulation act on the iron and/or manganese in the wash water to prevent their deposition in the dishwashing machine as iron and/or manganese oxides.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a method of washing dishware, glassware, china and the like in an automatic dishwashing machine using a thixotropic aqueous liquid detergent composition in which a separate rinse aid is not added or needed.
• a still further object of the invention is to provide a method of washing dishware, glassware, china and the like in an automatic washing machine using an aqueous liquid detergent composition by which method the dishware, glassware, china and the like are machine dried without leaving traces, film and spots.
• an aqueous liquid detergent composition incorporating in an aqueous liquid detergent composition a small but effective amount of an alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent.
• the physical stability of the composition is improved by the addition of a fatty acid, metal salt of a fatty acid and/or clay thixotropic thickener.
• a normally gel-like automatic dishwasher detergent composition in which is incorporated from about 0.5 to 5% of an alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent.
• the alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent has a particle size of about 0.001 to 10 microns.
• the present invention provides a normally gel-like aqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition having thixotropic properties which includes, on a weight basis:
• the invention provides a method for cleaning dishware in an automatic dishwashing machine with an aqueous wash bath containing an effective amount of the liquid automatic dishwasher detergent (LADD) composition as described above.
• the LADD composition can be readily poured into the dispensing cup of the automatic dishwashing machine and will, within just a few seconds, promptly thicken to its normal gel-like or pasty state to remain securely within the dispensing cup until shear forces are again applied thereto, such as by the water spray from the dishwashing machine.
• the LADD products of for example the prior disclosure in the aforementioned GB 2,116,199A and GB 2,140,450A exhibit rheological properties as evaluated by testing product viscosity as a function of shear rate.
• the compositions exhibited higher viscosity at a low shear rate and lower viscosity at a high shear rate, the data indicating efficient fluidization and gellation well within the shear rates extant within the standard dishwasher machine. In practical terms, this means improved pouring and processing characteristics as well as less leaking in the machine dispenser-cup, compared to prior liquid or gel ADD products.
• viscosities (Brookfield) correspondingly ranged from about 10,000 to 30,000 cps to about 3,000 to 7,000 cps, as measured at room temperature by means of an LVT Brookfield viscometer after 3 minutes using a No. 4 spindle.
• a shear rate of 7.4 sec ⁇ 1 corresponds to a spindle rpm of about 3.
• An approximate 10-fold increase in shear rate produces about a 3-­to 9-fold reduction in viscosity.
• the compositions of the assignee's prior invention thus exhibit threshold fluidizations at lower shear rates and of significantly greater extent in terms of incremental increases in shear rate versus incremental decrease in viscosity.
• TI thixotropic index
• the present invention is based upon the surprising discovery that substantially improved anti-filming properties can be obtained by adding to the thixotropic aqueous liquid detergent composition a small effective amount of an alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent.
• the physical stability i.e., resistance to phase separation, settling etc. can be achieved by adding to the composition a small effective amount of a thixotropic thickener and stabilizing agent.
• the alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent materials that can be used are readily commercially available.
• the alumina material that can be used as an anti-filming agent is insoluble in water and has the formula Al2O3. Suitable materials are available under the tradenames Alumina Oxide C, available from Degussa Company and Catapal D, available from Vista Corp.
• Preferred alumina materials are fumed alumina and a precipitated alumina.
• the titanium dioxide material that can be used as an anti-filming agent is insoluble in water and has the formula TiO2. Suitable materials are available under the tradenames Titanium Dioxide P25, available from Degussa Co. Preferred titanium dioxide materials are fumed titanium dioxide and precipitated titanium dioxide.
• the particle size of the alumina and titanium dioxide material that is used is important in achieving the desired anti-filming properties.
• the alumina or titanium dioxide particles that are used are finely divided and can have a particle size of about 0.001 to 10 microns, preferably 0.010 to 8 microns and more preferably about 0.020 to 4.0 microns.
• a suitable particle size is about 0.01 to 0.50 microns.
• the alumina and titanium dioxide particles of this size and in the amount used herein are not abrasive.
• the finely divided alumina or titanium dioxide material particles in the dishwashing wash act to coagulate proteinaceous particulate soils and keeps them in suspension to prevent them from depositing on the clean glass and dishware.
• the alumina and titanium dioxide anti-filming agents function in the following manner.
• the glass surface of vitreous glassware contain negative charges on their surface through the Si-O bonds. Usually the oxygen atoms carry these charges. It is postulated that these negatively charged ions will attract positively charged particles and thereby will form an "artificial soil" layer. This protective mono-layer will then repel the regular food soil and will increase the anti-redeposition property of the automatic dishwashing detergent.
• the alumina and titanium dioxide particles, respectively, will generate positively charged particles which will bond themselves to the glassware surface to form the artificial soil layer which will prevent the formation of film.
• the amount of alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent that can be used to achieve the desired improvement in film will depend on the hardness of the water, detergent active compound, inorganic salts and other ADD ingredients.
• the alumina or titanium dioxide anti-filming agent is particularly effective in hard wash water of, for example, 300 ppm hardness or more.
• the amount of alumina or titanium dioxide anti-film agent that is used can be about 0.5 to 5%, preferably about 1 to 4% and more preferably about 1.5 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the entire composition.
• alumina and titanium dioxide can each be used alone or can be used mix together and/or mix with the silica anti-filming agent disclosed in applicants' copending related application Serial No. 102,205 (IR4414) filed September 29, 1987, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
• the anti-filming agents are used mixed together the weight percent amounts mentioned above are the total for the ingredients in the mixture.
• the thixotropic thickeners or suspending agents that can be used in accordance with the present invention to provide the aqueous medium with thixotropic properties may be organic, for example, fatty acid or fatty acid polyvalent metal salts and/or inorganic colloid forming clay materials.
• the thixotropic thickeners should be stable to high alkalinity and stable to chlorine bleach compounds such as sodium hypochlorite.
• the preferred thixotropic thickeners comprise the fatty acids, the fatty acid polyvalent metal salts and the inorganic, colloid-forming clays of smectite and/or attapulgite types.
• the amount of the thixotropic thickener used will depend on the particular thickener used, but sufficient thickener is added to the formulation to provide the composition with a thixotropy index of about 2.5 to 10.
• the preferred fatty acid thixotropic thickeners are the higher aliphatic fatty monocarboxylic acids having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and especially preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive of the carbon atom of the carboxyl group of the fatty acid.
• the aliphatic radical may be saturated or unsaturated and may be straight or branched. Straight chain saturated fatty acids are preferred.
• Mixtures of fatty acids may be used, such as those derived from natural sources, such as tallow fatty acid, coco fatty acid, soya fatty acid, etc., or form synthetic sources available from industrial manufacturing processes.
• examples of the fatty acids which can be used as thickeners include, for example, decanoic acid, lauric acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, tallow fatty acid, coco fatty acid, soya fatty acid and mixtures of these acids.
• Stearic acid and mixed fatty acids e.g. coco fatty acid, are preferred.
• the amount of the fatty acid thickener to achieve the desired values of thixotropy and physical stability will depend on such factors as the nature of the fatty acid, detergent active compound, inorganic salts, especially TPP, other LADD ingredients, as well as the anticipated storage and shipping conditions.
• amounts of the fatty acid thixotropic agent that can be used are in the range of from about 0.03 to 0.5%, preferably from about 0.03 to 0.2%, especially preferably from about 0.05 to 0.15%, provide the desired long term stability and absence of phase separation.
• polyvalent metal salts of the above fatty acids can also be used in the present invention as thixotropic thickener agents.
• Suitable metal salt thixotropic thickeners are disclosed in the prior application Serial No. 903,924 filed September 5, 1986 in the name of Drapier et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
• the preferred metals are the polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc.
• the metals may be present in the divalent to pentavalent state.
• the metal salts are used in their higher oxidation states.
• the metal salt should be selected by taking into consideration the toxicity of the metal.
• the calcium and magnesium salts are especially highly preferred as generally safe food additives.
• the aluminum salts are available in the triacid form, e.g. aluminum stearate as aluminum tristearate, Al(C17-H35COO)3.
• the monoacid salts e.g. aluminum monostearate, Al(OH)2(C17H35COO) and diacid salts, e.g. aluminum distearate, Al(OCH)C17H35COO)2, and mixtures of two or three of the mono-, di- and tri-acid salts can be used for those metals, e.g. Al, with valences of +3, and mixtures of the mono- and di-acid salts can be used for those metals, e.g.
• the diacids of the +2 valent metals and the triacids of the +3 valent metals, the tetraacids of the +4 metals, and the pentacids of the +5 valent metals be used in predominant amounts.
• at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, especially preferably from 80 to 100% of the total metal salt should be in the highest possible oxidation state, i.e. each of the possible valence sites is occupied by a fatty acid residue.
• the metal salts are generally commercially available but can be easily produced by, for example, saponification of a fatty acid, e.g. animal fat, stearic acid, etc., or the corresponding fatty acid ester, followed by treatment with an hydroxide or oxide of the polyvalent metal, for example, in the case of the aluminum salt, with alum, alumina, etc.
• a fatty acid e.g. animal fat, stearic acid, etc.
• an hydroxide or oxide of the polyvalent metal for example, in the case of the aluminum salt, with alum, alumina, etc.
• Calcium stearate i.e. calcium distearate, magnesium stearate, i.e. magnesium distearate, aluminum stearate, i.e. aluminum tristearate, and zinc stearate, i.e. zinc distearate, are the preferred polyvalent fatty acid salt stabilizers.
• Mixed fatty acid metal salts such as the naturally occurring acids, e.g. coco acid, as well as mixed fatty acids resulting from the commercial manufacturing process are also advantageously used as an inexpensive but effective source of the long chain fatty acid.
• the amount of the fatty acid salt stabilizers to achieve the desired enhancement of physical stability will depend on such factors as the nature of the fatty acid salt, the nature and amount of the thixotropic agent, detergent active compound, inorganic salts, especially TPP, other LADD ingredients, as well as the anticipated storage and shipping conditions.
• amounts of the polyvalent metal fatty acid salt stabilizing agents in the range of from about 0.02 to 1%, preferably from about 0.06 to 0.8%, especially preferably from about 0.08 to 0.4%, provide the long term stability and absence of phase separation upon standing or during transport at both low and elevated temperatures as are required for a commercially acceptable product.
• the clay thickeners may be used in small amounts in combination with the fatty acid thickeners or in combination with fatty acid polyvalent metal salt thickeners.
• the clay thickeners may be used by themselves as the thixotropic thickeners.
• the preferred clay thickeners comprise the inorganic, colloid forming clays of smectite and/or attapulgite types.
• Smectite clays include montmorillonite (bentonite), hectorite, attapulgite, smectite, saponite, and the like. Montmorillonite clays are preferred and are available under tradenames such as Thixogel (Registered Trademark) No. 1 and Gelwhite (Registered Trademark) GP, H, etc., from Georgia Kaolin Company; and Eccagum (Registered Trademark) GP, H, etc., from Luthern Clay Products.
• Attapulgite clays include the materials commercially available under the tradename Attagel (Registered Trademark), i.e. Attagel 40, Attagel 50 and Attagel 150 from Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corporation.
• the clay thixotropic thickeners When used in combination with the fatty acids or the fatty acid polyvalent metal salts, the clay thixotropic thickeners are used in amounts of 0.1 to 3%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5% and more preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 2%.
• clay thixotropic thickeners When used alone as the thixotropic thickener agent they can be used in amounts of about 1.5 to 8%, preferably 2 to 5% by weight of the formulation.
• LADD effectiveness is directly related to (a) available chlorine levels; (b) alkalinity; (c) solubility in washing medium; and (d) foam inhibition.
• the pH of the LADD composition be at least about 9.5, more preferably from about 10.5 to 13.5 and most preferably at least about 11.5.
• the LADD product is too viscous, i.e. solid-like, and thus not readily fluidized under the shear-force levels created within the dispenser cup under normal machine operating conditions.
• Addition of NaOH is thus often needed to increase the pH to within the above ranges, and to increase flowability properties.
• the presence of carbonate is also often needed herein, since it acts as a buffer helping to maintain the desired pH level.
• the NaTPP may be employed in the LADD composition in a range of about 8 to 35 wt%, preferably about 20 to 30 wt%, and should preferably be free of heavy metal which tends to decompose or inactivate the preferred sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine bleach compounds.
• the NaTPP may be anhydrous or hydrated, including the stable hexahydrate with a degree of hydration of 6 corresponding to about 18% by weight of water or more. Actually, in view of the stability of the hexahydrate, the presence of some water or hydration is highly effective, serving it is thought to form seeds of the stable hexahydrate which expedites hydration and solubilization of the remaining NaTPP particles.
• the detergent product may be too liquid.
• the product may, in some cases, be too thick and, therefore, unsuitable.
• Especially preferred LADD compositions are obtained, for example, when using a 0.5:1 to 2:1 weight ratio of anhydrous to hexahydrated NaTPP, values of about 1:1 being particularly preferred.
• Foam inhibition is important to increase dishwasher machine efficiency and minimize destabilizing effects which might occur due to the presence of excess foam within the washer during use. Foam may be sufficiently reduced by suitable selection of the type and/or amount of detergent active material, the main foam-producing component. The degree of foam is also somewhat dependent on the hardness of the wash water in the machine whereby suitable adjustment of the proportions of NaTPP which has a water softening effect may aid in providing the desired degree of foam inhibition. However, it is generally preferred to include a chlorine bleach stable foam depressant or inhibitor.
• SAP Hooker
• LNKn-158 Knapsack
• one or both R groups in each type of ester may represent independently a C12 ⁇ 20 alkyl group.
• Mixtures of the two types, or any other chlorine bleach stable types, or mixtures of mono- and di-esters of the same type may be employed.
• a mixture of mono- and di-C16 ⁇ 18 alkyl acid phosphate esters such as monostearyl/distearyl acid phosphates 1.2/1 (Knapsack).
• proportions of 0.01 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt%, especially about 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, of foam depressant in the composition is typical, the weight ratio of detergent active component to foam depressant generally ranging from about 10:1 to 1:1 and preferably about 4:1 to 1:1.
• Other defoamers which may be used include, for example, the known silicones.
• any chlorine bleach compound may be employed in the compositions of this invention, such as dichloro-isocyanurate, dichloro-dimethyl hydantoin, or chlorinated TSP, alkali metal, e.g. potassium lithium, magnesium and especially sodium hypochlorite is preferred.
• the composition should contain sufficient chlorine bleach compound to provide about 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of available chlorine, as determined, for example, by acidification of 100 parts of the composition with excess of hydrochloric acid.
• a solution containing about 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of sodium hypochlorite contains or provides roughly the same percentage of available chlorine.
• a solution containing about 0.8 to 1.6% by weight sodium hypochlorite contains about 0.8 to 1.6% by weight of available chlorine and is especially preferred.
• sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution of form about 11 to about 13% available chlorine in amounts of about 3 to 20%, preferably about 7 to 12%, can be advantageously used.
• the sodium silicate which provides alkalinity and protection of hard surfaces, such as fine china glaze and pattern, is employed in an amount ranging from about 2.5 to 40 wt%, preferably about 10 to 35 wt%, in the composition.
• the sodium silicate also protects the interval washing machine parts from corrosion. At the higher levels specified herein for example at levels greater than about 10 wt% the silicate also provides increased antispotting action.
• the sodium silicate is generally added in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably having an Na2O:SiO2 ratio of about 1:2.2 to 1:2.8, for example, 1:2.4. Most of the other components of the composition, especially NaOH, sodium hypochlorite and foam depressant may also be added in the form of an aqueous dispersion or solution.
• Detergent active material useful herein must be stable in the presence of chlorine bleach, especially hypochlorite bleach, and those of the organic anionic, amine oxide, phosphine oxide, sulphoxide or betaine water dispersible surfactant types are preferred, the first mentioned anionics being most preferred. They are used in amounts ranging from about 0.1 to 5% preferably about 0.3 to 2.0%.
• Particularly preferred surfactants herein are the linear or branched alkali metal mono- and/or di(C8 ⁇ 14) alkyl diphenyl oxide mono and/or disulfonates, commercially available for example as DOWFAX (Registered Trademark) 3B-2 and DOWFAX 2A-1.
• surfactant should be compatible with the other ingredients of the composition.
• suitable surfactants include the primary alkylsulphates, alkylsulphonates, alkylaryl-sulphonates and sec.-alkylsulphates. Examples include sodium C10 ⁇ 18 alkylsulphates such as sodium dodecylsulphate and sodium tallow alcoholsulphate; sodium C10 ⁇ 18 alkanesulphonates such as sodium hexadecyl-1-sulphonate and sodium C12 ⁇ 18 alkylbenzenesulphonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonates. The corresponding potassium salts may also be employed.
• the amine oxide surfactants are typically of the structure R2R1NO, in which each R represents a lower alkyl group, for instance, methyl, and R1 represents a long chain alkyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for instance a lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or cetyl group.
• R1 represents a long chain alkyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for instance a lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or cetyl group.
• a corresponding surfactant phosphine oxide R2R1PO or sulphoxide RR1SO can be employed.
• Betaine surfactants are typically of the structure R2R1N - R ⁇ COO ⁇ , in which each R represents a lower alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
• these surfactants are lauryl-dimethylamine oxide, myristyldimethylamine oxide, the corresponding phosphine oxides and sulphoxides, and the corresponding betaines, including dodecyldimethylammonium acetate, tetradecyldiethylammonium pentanoate, hexadecyl-dimethylammonium hexanoate and the like.
• the alkyl groups in these surfactants should be linear, and such compounds are preferred.
• the amount of water contained in these compositions should, of course, be neither so high as to produce unduly low viscosity and fluidity, nor so low as to produce unduly high viscosity and low flowability, thixotropic properties in either case being diminished or destroyed. Such amount is readily determined by routine experimentation in any particular instance, generally ranging from about 25 to 75 wt%, preferably about 50 to 65 wt%.
• the water should also be preferably deionized or softened. These amounts of water in the composition include the water added as parts of the liquid solutions of other ingredients, but do no include bound water, for example that in NaTPP hexahydrate.
• compositions may be included in small amounts, generally less than about 3 wt%, such as perfume, hydrotropic agents such as the sodium benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene sulphonates, preservatives, dyestuffs and pigments and the like, all of course being stable to chlorine bleach compound and high alkalinity (properties of all the components).
• hydrotropic agents such as the sodium benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene sulphonates
• preservatives dyestuffs and pigments and the like
• dyestuffs and pigments and the like all of course being stable to chlorine bleach compound and high alkalinity (properties of all the components).
• Especially preferred for coloring are the chlorinated phthalocyanines and polysulphides of aluminosilicate which provide, respectively, pleasing green and blue tints.
• liquid ADD compositions of this invention are readily employed in known manner for washing dishes, glasses, cups, eating utensils and the like in an automatic dishwasher, provided with a suitable detergent dispenser, in an aqueous wash bath containing an effective amount of the composition.
• the aqueous liquid dishwashing detergent composition is formulated using the below named ingredients.
• the thixotropic aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions of the present invention can contain conventional dishwashing detergent composition additives.
• the formulations can be prepared with commercially available solid powder builders, and/or the ingredients can be mixed and the formulations ground to a desired particle size.
• a thixotropic aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition is formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified.
• Component Weight Percent Deionized Water 39.04 Knapsack LPKN-158 Foam Depressant (1) 0.16 Sodium Hydroxide (50%) 2.34 Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous) 4.88 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (anhydrous) 11.70 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (hexahydrate) 11.70 Alumina Anti-filming Agent (2) 2.50 Gel White H Clay 1.22 Aluminum Stearate Thixotropic Thickener 0.09 Dowfax 3B-2 Surfactant (3) 0.78 Sodium Hypochlorite (11%) 8.78 Sodium Silicate (1/2.23 - 43.5%) 16.81 100.00 (1) Mixture of mono and distearyl (C16-C18) alkyl esters of phosphoric acid, mole ratio 1:1.3. (2) Aluminum Oxid C has a particle size of about 0.02 microns and is available from Degussa Co. (3) Na mono- and didecyl diphen
• the formulation is tested by washing glassware and dishware at a temperature of 120°F in hard water (300 ppm hardness) in an automatic dishwashing machine and the clean and dried dishes are found to have no apparent film.
• formulations are prepared with and without the alumina and titanium dioxide anti-filming agent and are compared to a commercially available powder detergent composition.
• compositions are formulated to contain the following ingredients.
• (A) (B) (C) Component Alumina Anti-film Agent Titanium Dioxide Anti-film Agent No Anti-film Agent Deionized Water 39.04 39.04 40.27 Knapsack LPKN-158 Foam Depressant 0.16 0.16 0.16 Sodium Hydroxide (50%) 2.34 2.34 2.40 Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous) 4.88 4.88 5.00 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (anhydrous) 11.70 11.70 12.0 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (hexahydrate) 11.70 11.70 12.0 Anti-filming Agent 2.50 2.50 --- Gel White H Clay 1.22 1.22 1.25 Aluminum Stearate Thixotropic Thickener 0.09 0.09 0.10 Dowfax 3B-2 Surfactant 0.78 0.78 0.80 Sodium Hypochlorite (11%) 8.78 8.78 8.78 Sodium Silicate (1/2.23 - 43.5%) 16.81 16.81 17.24 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
• ingredients are mixed in a conventional manner or can be mixed following the procedure of the copending commonly assigned application Serial No. 903,924 filed September 5, 1986, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
• the formulations are tested by washing glassware at 120°F in hard water (300 ppm hardness).
• the products (A), (B) and (C) left very few spots on glasswares and were rated B.
• the product (C) with no anti-film additive left a significant uniform film 4 on glasswares.
• Significant filming improvements were obtained with both alumina and titanium dioxide.
• a thixotropic aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition is formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified.
• Component Weight Percent Deionized Water 32.8 Foam Depressant (1) 0.16 Sodium Hydroxide (50%) 2.34 Sodium Carbonate (Anhydrous) 4.88 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (anhydrous) 11.70 Sodium Tripolyphosphate (hexahydrate) 11.70 Alumina Anti-film Agent 2.50 Stearic Acid Thixotropic Thickener 0.10 Dowfax 3B-2 Surfactant 0.60 Sodium Hypochlorite (11%) 7.61 Sodium Silicate (1/2.4-47.5%) 25.60 Graphitol Green 0.01 100.00 (1) 1:1 mixture of LPKN-158 and PCUK-PAE.
• the stearic acid is melted and the ingredients are added to the water generally in the order listed and gently stirred until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
• the formulation is tested by washing glassware at 130°F in hard water (300 ppm hardness) in an automatic dishwashing machine. The clean and dried glassware are found to have no apparent film.
• thixotropic aqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions of the present invention provide improved film properties.
• the invention is not to be limited by the above disclosure and Examples which are given as illustrations only. The invention is to be interpreted in accordance with the below claims.

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